...Eating Christmas in the Kalahari Latisha Willoughby Ivy Tech Community College “Eating Christmas in the Kalahari” is a story about of how Richard Borshay Lee explores the culture of the !Kung Bushmen natives in the Kalahari Desert. During his journey, his purpose was to find out how hunting and gathering helped the economy of the Bushmen. In order to do this he had to make sure not to supply them with any food, share his own food, or to interfere with any of the gather activities they were doing. Since he was not going to help with food he could supply tobacco and medical supplies. Even though, this helped some it was not enough to hide the difference in wealth between him and the Tswana tribe. He experiences a cultural misinterpretation which causes him grief and concern that almost caused him to end his lengthy three year study. The Bushmen’s idea of a Christmas story was that it is to “praise the birth of the white man god-chief”. It was only believed that the slaughtering an ox for their village and the surrounding neighbors was a good enough celebration for Christmas. This would be a good will gesture for the Bushmen. Their December activities include congregation at the cattle post for a trade, marriage brokering, and a number of days trance dance and feasting, which local Tswana headman hosts. This would be an example of mechanical solidarity because everyone within this group are all on one accord. This was a yearly tradition and something they are had a level...
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...In “Eating Christmas in the Kalahari” Richard Borshay Lee introduces us to the “Christmas Ox” custom of the !Kung Bushman in the Kalahari Desert. Lee had been studying the hunting and gathering economy of the !Kung. During his study, Lee strayed from sharing food with the !Kung, for it would interfere with their food-gathering activities. "While liberal handouts of tobacco and medical supplies were appreciated, they were scarcely adequate to erase the glaring disparity in wealth between the anthropologist who maintained a two month inventory of canned goods, and the Bushmen, who rarely had a day's supply of food on hand" (Lee 1969: 31). Unhappy with this disparity in wealth and food, the Bushmen would call Lee stingy and hard of heart. To make up for his supposed stinginess, Lee thought to take part in the traditional purchase of a Christmas Ox....
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...Kalahari Emily Holbrook Ivy Tech Community College Franklin THE ABSTRACT The !Kung Bushmen tribe was all about working together. The tribe had an anthropologist named Richard Lee come and study their tribe. The tribe did not really like home much because he was wealthy and did not share it with anybody else in the tribe. The Bushmen tribe was an example of an organic solidarity, which means, social cohesion based on the dependence individuals have on each other in societies. The tribe is all dependent on each other, as in the food they hunted became the whole tribes. Richard Lee did not show organic solidarity at all he was independent for just himself and his wife. He shared tobacco and medical supplies but that was about it. Kalahari In the article, “ Eating Christmas in the Kalahari” by Richard Lee, he shares with us about his experience living with the !Kung Bushmen for three years. Richard Lee is a social anthropologist who was studying the !Kung Bushmen’s hunting-and-gathering society. The !Kung Bushmen worked together to teach Richard lee humility and social interdependence believing that no man is an island. Equality is maintained throughout the Bushmen’s tribe through the enforcement of humility; therefore no one is given a chance to think they are superior to others, which sustains the sharing way of the Bushmen’s. The !Kung Bushmen cultural tradition is for a member to slaughter an ox for the community to share at feast time during...
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...Christmas in the Kalahari Richard Borshay Lee By Bradley Potulney Abstract The Bushmen are teaching humility in their Christmas celebration is talked about in this paper. All of this information was leaned from Richard Lee’s article eating Christmas in the Kalahari. I also talk about the signs of socialization that are shown in the tribe and how this is a demonstration of Gemeinschaft and about the differences between Mechanical and Organic Social Solidarity and how it occurs in their tribe and their values in this article. The symbol of status is mentioned in this article of both how they view it and how America views it. This is a story of Richard Lee the author, and the anthropologist in this article that is learning about the Kung Bushmen’s culture. In this African tribe they have their own kind of Christmas in December and show how they responded to him in their tribe. This tribe is not only uses socialization but it is what they uses to set their status of mechanical social solidarity, and Gemeinschaft to support themselves. It was also interesting how he studied their hunting and gathering methods, Richard Lee did not help them with any of these activities even though the they barley had a day’s worth of food on stocked up. But his approach is what got us the most information about the Bushmen. So he thought a way he could repay the tribe for letting him in on their culture for a year he would buy them an ox for their feast for Christmas in December. He bought...
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...Social Solidarity in the Kalahari Rachael L. Smith SOCI 111 In Robert Lee’s Eating Christmas in the Kalahari, he describes his time spent as an anthropologist studying the hunting and gathering subsistence economy of the !Kung in the Kalahari desert, specifically around Christmas, where he aims to show his gratitude to the villagers by getting them an ox to slaughter and feast on. He is told consistently by members of the /ai/ai village that the ox he purchased was not substantial for the villagers, and will not please them. After he discovers that his ox is indeed substantial and will feed the village, Lee learns of the villages’ socialization customs to one another, which is to humiliate them. With the /ai/ai village comparable to a Gemeinschaft, Lee discovers that the Bushmen use humility to enforce social status within their mechanical and organic social solidarity. The !Kung Bushmen understand Christmas as essentially “praise the birth of white man’s god-chief,” as their knowledge about Christmas was told to them by Bantu-speaking pastoralists, and Christianity was not prominent in their society nor traditionally practiced. But, they still looked forward to Christmas due to the Tswana-Herero custom of slaughtering an ox for their Bushmen neighbors as a gesture of goodwill, in which the slaughter is followed by several days of feasting and trance-dancing. Amongst the Bushmen, Lee provided tobacco handouts and medical supplies but did not interfere with...
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...attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture is called socialization. Family is the most important agent of socialization in the United States, especially for children according to Schaefer. In the article, Eating Christmas in the Kalahari, by Richard Borshay Lee, he describes what his experience was like living in the Kalahari and what traditions were honored for Christmas. According to the article, the London Missionary Society brought the holiday to the southern Tswana tribes in the early nineteenth century (Lee, 1969). Richard Borshay Lee was born in 1937 and he is a Canadian anthropologist. In the article, Eating Christmas in the Kalahari, the Bushmen’s idea of the Christmas story is “praise the birth of white man’s god-chief”, and this is what keeps their interest in the holiday high of Tswana-Herero custom of slaughtering an ox for the Bushmen’s neighbors (Lee, 1969, p.1). This was a tradition since the 1930’s along with a December congregation at the cattle posts for trading, marriage brokering, and several days of trance-dancing feasting at which the local Tswana headman is host (Lee, 1969). The Christmas ox custom suited Lee’s purposes while working with Kung Bushmen. He came to the Kalahari to study the hunting and gathering subsistence economy of...
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...“Eating Christmas in Kalahari”, is a short story written by Richard Borshay Lee, about his time spent with the !Kung Bushmen. The story is centered on the Bushmen’s version of Christmas and their customs concerning “arrogance”. When evaluating the story from a sociologist perspective, one can see the agents of socialization, status, the differences between mechanical and organic solidarity, and the representation of Gemeinschaft. After three years with the tribe, during which Lee observed the hunting and gathering methods of the !Kung, he decided to observe the bushmen’s custom of the Christmas ox. He wanted to thank them for allowing him to live amongst them and because to them he “was a miser” (Lee, 1969). After picking out the perfect ox, Lee was proud of the one he chose, but the Bushmen began to make him doubt his choice. Ben!a, an outspoken woman of sixty-five, was the first to comment on his choice, stating “Do you expect us to eat that bag of bones?”. (Lee, 1969). Lee was confused as to why she would say this, when the ox “must have weighed 1,200 pounds on the hoof” (Lee, 1969). Lee at first chose to ignore it, but eventually others began to comment on his selection of ox. The young men referred to the ox as a “sack of guts” and that it would “hardly feed one camp” (Lee, 1969). Eventually, one of his friends, Tomazo, questioned his choice of ox, claiming, “it gives us pain to be served such a scrawny thing as Yehave’s black ox” (Lee, 1969). Lee began to feel disappointed...
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...J Anthropology Article #2 "Eating Christmas in Kalahari" This article confused me, to a point where I was kind of shocked at the time I finished this. At first, I thought the way the !Kung Bushmen people function in their society was quite odd. To think that they would criticize a fellow hunter about his kill and make him feel unappreciated? Was this a sign of ignorance? Or even jealousy for not being the hunter thats able to claim such a trophy? All throughout the article I was puzzled on how Robert Lee was criticized and bashed for his choice of an offering for these people during their Christmas tradition. I thought they were being disrespectful to him because it was "their" tradition and this was their way of not welcoming him to share this with them. As I kept reading I came to find that I was extremely far off on my judgement of these people. Yes, I thought they were rude and disrespectful for not being appreciative of ones generosity, but, I had come to realize that this was "their" way of life. this was "their" custom. I was stunned to know that they acted this way to keep the peace in society and to not allow one another to boast or brag. They did this to not allow one to think that because of his contribution he was higher and more of a "king" or "lord" than another when they are all the same regardless of who does what. They believe that this is the way of keeping peace and equality in all men and that no one is greater than another because in the end they...
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...Anthropology 03 Readings- Nanda and Warms: Chapters 1-3,5 Bodley: Chapters 1-2 Lee: entire book (including Appendix A and B) Videos: “First Contact” “Bushmen of the Kalahari” “N!ai” Topics: Concept of culture- The learned, symbolic, at least partially adaptive and ever-changing patterns of behavior and meaning shared by members of a group. - Almost all behavior is learned - Cultural norms and values are shared by people - All Cultures change Pidgin English- A simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups of people that do not have a language in common. (Masta- John Marshall, Bird- Airplane) - Pidgins develop when people who speak different languages come together. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis- The language we speak affects the way we think. It plays a critical role in determining the way people understand the world. - We perceive the world differently because we talk about the world differently Culture shock- The feelings of alienation, loneliness, and isolation common to a person who has been placed in a new culture - Overcoming culture shock is a process of learning (language, customs, and social organization). Ethnocentrism- Is the belief that one’s own culture is superior to any other. Cultural relativism- Anthropologists must believe that all cultures are of equal value and need to study them from a neutral point of view in order to understand how cultural practices developed, how they work in...
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...The San (“Bushmen”) People Luis M. Cruz ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Megan Douglass April 1, 2013 The Photograph Below is of the San ("Bushmen") People, they reside in the Kalahari Desert of Southwest Africa and are known as one of the best hunting and gathering communities in the modern world, (Marshall, J, 2011). [pic] Source: by John Marshall copyright 2011 Documentary Educational Resources The San people are a foraging tribe, they are traditionally a band society made up of families and relatives. Foraging bands such as the San survive by going where there is an abundance of food and water. They practice a gender based division of labor just like many other foraging bands, for the most part the women care for the children and search for suitable for eating vegetation, while the men hunt for the meat and provide other skills such as making tools like blowpipes, darts, and digging sticks. The San's people are hard workers and do what is needed to support the social order, but the San people are also a relaxed people who enjoy each other’s company and heavily rely on each other for the bands continued existence. Social ties are considered very important in this band society because no one person can simply be thinking of their own benefit over the groups. The San meals are an example of the communities methods, every bit of their food is gathered together for...
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...Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Anthropology 102 (13770) Fall Semester 2013 Fullerton College Instructor: Michelle Stockdale Wednesdays, 6:50-10:00 p.m., Room 1417 Email: MStockdale@fullcoll.edu Voice Mail: 714-992-7000 x28814 Course Materials: ▪ Kottak, Conrad Phillip, Mirror for Humanity, A Concise Introduction to Cultural Anthropology, 8th edition ▪ Ferraro, Gary, Classic Readings in Cultural Anthropology, 3rd edition ▪ 2 Scantrons (No. 882-E) Course Description & Objectives: Anthropology, the broadest of the social sciences, is the study of humankind. One of the strengths of anthropology as a discipline is its "holistic" or integrative approach; it links the life sciences and the humanities and has strong ties with disciplines ranging from biology, psychology, linguistics, political science, and many others. This course surveys the discipline of cultural anthropology. It provides an introduction to the study of culture and society in a comparative perspective. At the end of this course you will be able to identify the knowledge and contribution that cultural diversity makes toward understanding the problems and issues of the modern world. Student Learning Objective: At the end of this semester, you should be able to understand and identify anthropological key concepts: 1. Identify and apply the key terminology, theoretical orientations, principles and methods used in cultural anthropology. 2. Describe the general characteristics...
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...ANTHROPOLOGY 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Queens College / CUNY, Spring 2015 TuTh 12:15-1:30PM, Kiely 150 Professor: Ramona Lee Pérez, PhD Email: ramona.perez@qc.cuny.edu Office hours: Th 2-3 PM, PH 315H COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is an introduction to the range of human diversity through an exploration of the peoples of the world. We will cover the basic concepts, theories, and methods that anthropologists use to study variations in cultural norms and social practices, economic systems and rules of law, social organization and patterns of inequality, identity and worldview, and patterns of social and cultural change. Focusing on the culture concept and the method of ethnography, we begin with the historical foundations of anthropology and then follow its attempts to understand contemporary human cultures. Comparative analysis of multiple ethnographic case studies and major theoretical approaches illuminates the range of human diversity, the forces that shape cultures, and how people adapt to a rapidly changing modern world. The central objectives of this course are to develop your intellectual skills, your cross-cultural fluency, and your sense of civic and moral engagement in global society. I hope that this course inspires many of you to become anthropology majors or minors, and grants each of you an anthropological perspective on your own life. REQUIREMENTS This is an intensive course that requires full participation from every student...
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...Carl and the Passions changed band name to what How many rings on the Olympic flag What colour is vermilion a shade of King Zog ruled which country What colour is Spock's blood Where in your body is your patella Where can you find London bridge today What spirit is mixed with ginger beer in a Moscow mule Who was the first man in space What would you do with a Yashmak Who betrayed Jesus to the Romans Which animal lays eggs On television what was Flipper Who's band was The Quarrymen Which was the most successful Grand National horse Who starred as the Six Million Dollar Man In the song Waltzing Matilda - What is a Jumbuck Who was Dan Dare's greatest enemy in the Eagle What is Dick Grayson better known as What was given on the fourth day of Christmas What was Skippy ( on TV ) What does a funambulist do What is the name of Dennis the Menace's dog What are bactrians and dromedaries Who played The Fugitive Who was the King of Swing Who was the first man to fly across the channel Who starred as Rocky Balboa In which war was the charge of the Light Brigade Who invented the television Who would use a mashie niblick In the song who killed Cock Robin What do deciduous trees do In golf what name is given to the No 3 wood If you has caries who would you consult What other name is Mellor’s famously known by What did Jack Horner pull from his pie How many feet in a fathom which film had song Springtime for Hitler Name the legless fighter pilot of ww2 What was the name of inn in Treasure Island...
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...Eat, Pray, Love Eat, Pray, Love Eat, Pray, Love Eat, Pray, Love ALSO BY ELIZABETH GILBERT Pilgrims Stern Men The Last American Man Eat, Pray, Love Eat, Pray, Love VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England First published in 2006 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Copyright © Elizabeth Gilbert, 2006 All rights reserved LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Gilbert, Elizabeth, date. Eat, pray, love: one woman’s search for everything across Italy, India and Indonesia / Elizabeth Gilbert p. cm. ISBN 0-670-03471-1 1. Gilbert, Elizabeth, date—Travel...
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...pr Eat, Pray, Love Eat, Pray, Love Eat, Pray, Love Eat, Pray, Love ALSO BY ELIZABETH GILBERT Pilgrims Stern Men The Last American Man Eat, Pray, Love Eat, Pray, Love VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England First published in 2006 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Copyright © Elizabeth Gilbert, 2006 All rights reserved LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Gilbert, Elizabeth, date. Eat, pray, love: one woman’s search for everything across Italy, India and Indonesia / Elizabeth Gilbert p. cm. ISBN 0-670-03471-1 1. Gilbert, Elizabeth, date—Travel...
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