...Question 1a WRITE NOTES ON Eating disorder Introduction Eating disorders (EDs) are psychiatric disorders with diagnostic criteria based on psychologic, behavior, and physiologic characteristics. Eating disorders is a broad name for a number of problems faced by human beings with food in our society. While majority slip into overeating or comfort eating at some point, for some the problem goes to life-threatening extremes. For instance a common type of eating disorder is the anorexia nervosa and bulimia; there is a deep fear of being overweight that leads to an obsession about restricting the number of calories the person is taking in. This leads to an extreme state of starvation, which in turn has a number of effects on the way that the body functions and how hormones are produced. The common symptom of someone affected by an eating disorder includes: a. Mentally keeping a balance between calories taken in and calories used up b. Deep-seated feelings of anxiety if they consume a few calories too many c. Self-loathing, depression or panic if they haven’t lost any weight or put a little on, despite their best efforts Many scholars have researched the issue of diet quite deeply and know the damage they are doing to themselves but are still unable to stop. This just makes the feelings of despair and self-loathing even worse, causing their condition to continue. Common types of eating Disorders Research has given support to the existence...
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...Eating, Substance Abuse, Sex, and Personality Disorders Psychology 410 07/21/2012 Professor Christa Banton University of Phoenix Disorders There exist various types of psychological disorders that impact the lives of individuals in society; these entail substance abuse and eating disorders. Individuals might undergo with gender and sexual disorders along with impulse control and personality disorders: the disorder sees the person become isolated and hold back from members of society. The realm of psychology has established these disorders and engendered treatments. Eating disorders entail a substantive trouble with food. A number of individuals dangerously overdo it with food whereas others decline to eat. The disorder instigates a fracas in the individual’s eating patterns and may perturb the individual’s usual life routine. Eating disorders are highly complex and in spite of scientific research to comprehend them, the behavioral, biological, and social foundations of these illnesses stay unknown (2009). The disorders implicated are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia, and Obesity. The subject with anorexia nervosa declines to eat, having a blurred view of their bodies, believing they are fat. Bulimia is a multifaceted disorder that entails the individual consuming large amounts of food and then regurgitating the contents of their stomach. The subjected plagued by the disorder dreads gaining weight and will undergo extreme...
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...2012 Psy/410 Components Introduction Eating disorders, substance abuse, sexual, gender identity, and personality disorders lessen the ability for the human to function normal. Although their components have many varieties, being able to understand each of them allows for the reduction of classified awareness of these disorders and advertises a more realistic function of preventions and interventions to give support and become more normal. Eating Disorders Biological Biological components involve a genetic basis, deficiencies, hormonal excesses, and abnormal neural activity. People suffering from bulimia and anorexia have serotonin levels that are low and unusual along with structural brain abnormalities. Alterations in the brain may be responsible for the change in the metabolic reactions and endocrine to starvation. Emotional Eating disorders may be a compound reaction to expectations that are high and usually start with the parents and kept up with by the person. Eating disorders can also be considered a way of protecting self from adult sexuality or it could be a response to a situation where sexual abuse may have taken place. There are many times where the individual has high expectations but unfortunately they have to deal with never being able to reach them (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Cognitive Cognitive in eating disorders have to deal with the individual focusing more on situations where eating and starving experiences that help to bring...
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...Introduction Most of the time, physical abuse is not recognize by peoples as a serious problem. Physical abuse occurs when someone physically hurts you, such as by hitting you or throwing something at you. Even if someone only hits you once or doesn't hurt you that badly, it is a big deal. It may be not so serious because it seems they’re not badly hurt, but what the people doesn’t know is they are causing harm, a serious harm to that people they hurt physically.Abuse tends to escalate, putting you at greater risk in the future. Just one incident of being physically hurt by anyone is unacceptable, and you should take steps to stop the abuse. They cause harm in the sense that that even small hurting can cause hidden scars, Hidden scars which are formed by the emotional and psychological wounds. This Hidden scars is manifested by almost all of the people specifically during their teenage years. All parents want a disciplined and well behaved child. However, there are times when a parent loses control or simply has no control over their child. This is when simple parenting crosses the line and becomes emotional abuse. Emotional abuse is elusive. Unlike physical abuse, the people doing it and receiving it may not even know it is happening. It can be more harmful than physical abuse because it can undermine what we think about ourselves. It can cripple all we are meant to be as we allow something untrue to define us. Emotional abuse can happen between parent and child, husband...
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...Adolescent depressive symptoms 4 3. Problems with diagnosis of depression in adolescents 4 4. Gender factors that may play a role in assessing depression 6 5. Contextual factors that may play a role in assessing depression 8 6. Suicide 9 ‘Like anyone else, I have always had times when I felt deeply depressed, but this was something altogether new in my experience – a despairing, unchanging paralysis of the spirit beyond anything I had ever known or imagined could exist.’ The author William Styron (1990). (Kring, Johnson, Davison & Neale 2012:132) 1. Definition of adolescence and adolescent depression Adolescence is the period of development marked at the beginning by the onset of puberty and at the end by the attainment of physiological or psychological maturity (Reber, Allen & Reber 2009). It is a period of transition from childhood into adulthood, involving changes in physical development, cognitive abilities, emotional adjustment and self esteem. Adolescence is a time of acute stress. It is a period of social sorting and identity formation. Erikson described development that occurs throughout the lifespan in his theory of psychosocial development. During the adolescent period, which Erikson called ‘Identity vs Role confusion’, adolescents need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. During adolescence, children are exploring their independence and developing a sense of self. As they...
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...fields. In a survey conducted by McGill University, seventy-four percent of the teachers reported having a personal encounter with self-injury but only twenty percent felt knowledgeable about working with those students (see Heath, Toste, & Beettam, 2007, 73). If the results are similar for the larger population, then it would be beneficial to inform and educate people who may encounter the individuals who participate in self-injurious behavior. Because most people think of self-injury as a new topic of discussion, many people assume that it is not actually a problem but only a cry for attention. Consequently much more research has been conducted in the past decade to determine what self-injury actually is and how it can be recognized. The research has produced results that not only define self-injury but also identify the criteria for diagnosis, and patterns of behavior that assist in recognizing an individual who is engaging in the action. Further research is required due to the fact that most of the focus has been on Caucasian women and young adults; is it prevalent among other demographic populations? Are there disorders that are common among self-injurers? Because it is becoming a more common problem among young adults, educators would benefit from these findings. Individuals in a school setting have expressed an interest in receiving training about the self-injury disorder and would like to know how it is treated as well as the success rate of each treatment program. 4 ...
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...has been increasing in the past year because some teens problems are overlooked and they do not know how to cope with what is going on around them. Teens who commit suicide usually suffer from depression, obesity, bullying, and home based issues. Teens today commit suicide in the presence of grave circumstances. If things in our society were more openly addressed such as homosexuality, bullying, personal infatuation, appearance, drugs, and obesity more than likely teens would be comfortable to talk about their problems instead of resulting to suicide due to the internal pain in which they suffer from. "Teen Suicide." Teen Suicide Statistics and Facts. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. <http://www.teensuicidestatistics.com/statistics-facts.html>. Teens who are bullied, and are involved in high-risk behaviors involving sex, and drug use have significantly higher risk of suffering from depression. These teens are more prone to have suicidal thoughts and more suicide attempts than other teens. About 95% of all suicides committed, the teen who has committed suicide may have a psychological disorder at the time of death. According to a...
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...of depression diagnosed in adolescents are on the rise. Is this because of more depressed teenagers, or is there an explanation for this. Are there underlying problems or causes for the high depression numbers? Is there something that we can do to help these teenagers. What are the symptoms and diagnoses. Factors contributing to this problem are all things that will be discussed in this paper. Definition Major depression disorder Definition: A mood disorder characterized by a depressed mood, a lack of interest in activities normally enjoyed, changes in weight and sleep, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, difficulty concentrating and thoughts of death and suicide. If a person has experienced the majority of these symptoms for longer than a two-week period they may be diagnosed as having had a major depressive episode. If a person has had one or more major depressive episodes, has no history of mania, mixed episodes or hypomania and the symptoms are not due to another disorder, they may be diagnosed as having major depressive disorder.( Schimelpfenin,2013) Major depression episode Definition: A major depressive episode is when a person experiences 5 or more symptoms during most parts of the day for a two week period. The main symptoms are depressed mood (must be present), loss of interest in activities (must be present), significant weight change, change in sleeping habits (insomnia or hypersomnia), a noticeable slowing down, restlessness, or change in observable...
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...716 Index major depressive disorder, brain imaging studies, 70–71 malignant catatonia, 333 malingering, 530–531 ‘manic depressive insanity’, 45 manic states, 250, 253 abnormal beliefs and perceptions, 254 amphetamines and, 266 course and outcome, 274 delusional, 16 in HIV patients, 345 in ICD-10, 42 in old age aetiology, 369 clinical features, 370 treatment, 370 in old age, 369–370 mixed state with depression, 255 sensations in, 6 stroke and, 344 stupor in, 31 manic states, 15–17 Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome, 206, 338 Marijuana Anonymous, 239 marital status, and suicide, 454 masculinity drunkenness and, 428 sense of, 395 Massachusetts Male Aging Study, 402 Massachusetts Women’s Health Study (MWHS), 442 masturbation, 396 McNaughton Rules, 558 McNaughton, Daniel, 558 m-CPP 435 , MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; ‘ecstasy’), 328 medial temporal lobe volume in Alzheimer’s disease, 359 MRI for detecting, 75 medical conditions anxiety disorders in, 170 depression treatment, 521 detection of psychiatric illness, 483 feigned illness, 530–531 mental disorders due to, 327 anxiety disorders, 333 cannabis and psychosis, 330 catatonia, 332 cognitive disorders, 334 delusions, 329 depression and Parkinson’s disease, 332 general principles, 327 hallucinations, 328 mood disorders, 330 personality disorder, 333 psychotic disorder, 328 stimulant psychosis, 329 mental disorders due to, 326–335 relationship to affective change...
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...don’t have choice but to follow where the money is or else, they will die in hunger. The scarcity of primary needs pushed people to desperately make some money even if they became “immoral” .It is considered as immoral because until now, it is not accepted in the society and there’s still debate if the world must accept this profession since it can’t be stop as the powerful group protects and control the illegality of this work. In fact, there’s many syndicate that cover the mouth of media and even our own politicians. Therefore, if the man of power was also controlled by this syndicate, there’s no chance to eradicate this issue. It will remain as an issue without solution. I. Definition Prostitution – define by the scholars as a sex work and study it as an occupation ORIGIN: Came from a...
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...his or her own potential, cope with normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and make a contribution to the community. * Mental Illness- maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms, and interfere with the individuals social, occupational and or physical functioning. * Anticipatory grief-when a loss is anticipated, individuals often begin the work of grieving before the actual loss occurs. * Bereavement overload- this is particularly true for elderly individuals who may be experiencing numerous losses- such as spouse, friends, other relatives, independent functioning, home, personal possessions, and pets in a relatively short time as grief accumulates a type of bereavement overload occurs which for some individuals presents an impossible task of grief work. * Ego defense mechanisms-defense mechanisms employed by the ego in the face of threat to biological or psychological integrity identified by Anna Freud 1953. Some of these are more adaptive than others, but all are used either consciously or unconsciously as protective devices for the ego in an effort to relieve mild to moderate anxiety. * Projection: Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one’s self to another person. * Undoing: Symbolically negating or canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable. * Solation: Separating a thought...
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...INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY of the CARIBBEAN SAVANNA-LA-MAR CAMPUS COURSE: Guidance and Counseling / Psychology (year 3) Borderline Personality Disorder TERM PAPER IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT of the COURSE: Abnormal Psychology PRESENTED TO: MS. Loi Perry PRESENTED BY: Kerese Mckenzie ID#: 1220654 Date: March 24, 2016 The current diagnostic criteria set for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is taken from the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-5 (APA, 2013). Patients must meet five of nine criteria in order to be diagnosed with BPD. Patients who partially, but incompletely, meet this criteria set may be considered to have borderline personality traits or features. Although not fulfilling criteria for the full disorder, such a formulation may nonetheless be useful in guiding treatment decisions. Borderline personality disorder is said to be one of the most misunderstood diseases. According to John Grohol, it is a condition marked by a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: 1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behaviour, as it is covered in Criterion 5. 2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation...
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...Homosexuality is defined as the romantic and sexual attraction to a member of the same sex. The conclusion that the behavioral and social sciences, as well as the health and mental professions is that homosexuality is a normal human sexual orientation. (Bell, Weinberg & Hammersmith) (Bullough) (Ford & Beach) (Kinsey, Pomeroy, & Martin) (Kinsey, Pomeroy, Martin, & Gebhard ) Homosexuality was once looked at as a mental disorder, and was listed as such in medical journals until 1973, and to this day scientists can only theorize as to what actually causes someone to become homosexual. Some believe it has a biological nature, while others believe not only that it is a mental disorder, but a tool of a being named Satan. Barbara Blewster, a member of the Arizona State Legislature was quoted as saying, "The perversion that follows homosexuality is bestiality and then human sacrifice and cannibalism." This is where the ethical issues of homosexuality arise. The issue ranges from attitudes like Mrs. Blewster’s who believe homosexuality to be an abomination and a sin, to those who feel that discrimination and hate toward someone who was just “born that way” is unethical. This leads us into the question of homosexual marriage. Should homosexuals be granted the same holy matrimony that heterosexual couples have? The first recorded depiction of homosexuality was found in Mesopotamia, circa 3000 BC where artifacts were discovered depicting same sex couples. (Nevill) There are other types...
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...Lucinda Rossouw P.O. Box 66037 Riebeeckstad 9469 Student number: 42515270 Module code: EDPHOD8 Assignment 01 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. EVALUATION AND PLANNING 2 1.1. The effects of a traumatic experience 2 1.2. Observation of effects 3 1.2.1. Effects of a poor stepparent relationship and/or signs of abuse 3 1.2.2. Possible signs of racism 3 1.3. Possible effects of Maslow's hierarchy of needs on James's behaviour 4 2. COUNSELLING FOR JAMES 5 2.1. Counselling and support for learning problems 5 2.2. Psychological development, contribution of stage to behaviour and 6 developmental goal 2.3. Parent involvement/parent counselling 7 2.4. Guidelines for an individual assistance programme 7 1. EVALUATION AND PLANNING 1.1. The effects of a traumatic experience During trauma, normal functioning disintegrates in people. When a person perceives a threat, the initial stages of a complex, total-body response will begin. The brain orchestrates, directs, and controls this response. The more threatened an individual feels, the further their brain and body will be shifted along an arousal continuum in an attempt to ensure appropriate mental and physical responses to the challenges of the threat. The cognitive (thinking), emotional, and behavioural functioning of the individual will all reflect this shift along the arousal continuum. During the traumatic event, all aspects...
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...Female Students from Domestic Violence Abuse? (Introduction) Domestic violence represents a severe and ongoing problem in the America as well as in other countries. Domestic violence can take place between partners of the same sex, and at times men are also victims of female partner abuse. However, in the vast number of cases, the victims are women who were battered by their male partners. In fact, each day the statistics on domestic violence against women become greater. According to the movie: Secrets, Lies, and Apologies: America's Domestic Violence Crisis, “A woman is beaten every fifteen seconds; nearly 2 in 3 women know their attacker; thirty five percent of emergency room visits from women are because of ongoing partner abuse, and approximately four million incidents are reported each year” (Smith). Many questions come up in regards to this issue, and the problem is still unresolved. Domestic violence has become a huge issue due to its rapid epidemic. Domestic violence on college campuses is constantly on the rise. According to a Journal of Comparative Family Studies, “The theory that violence is learned behavior and is cyclical is a popular one and has tended to perpetuate by folk wisdom and personal impressions” (Ellis 405- 407). Abuse can take forms other than physical abuse. Abuse may constantly occur while some happens occasionally. Other forms may include, but are not limited to, verbal, physical, economical, emotional, and even sexual. Men as well as women are affected...
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