...by local state and federal law enforcement. With the way that technology has continued to evolve, listening in on someone’s privacy has become easier than ever. There are digital eavesdropping devices that are no bigger than an AA battery and can record over thousands of hours of your private conversations. Also, in some cases, can even be used to record land line telephones and can even eavesdrop on cell phones. The need for a bulky cassette recorder is history. These new digital audio recording and eavesdropping devices are small, sleek, covert, and can be hidden almost anywhere. You never know who could be listening in on your conversations or activities, or how easy it can be for the eavesdropper to record everything you say and do. With these devices in play, electronic harassment has been taken to a whole new level. If you are a spouse going through a messy divorce, it would only be too simple for your soon to be ex-spouse to hide one of these covert devices in your home to pick up any indiscretions that could be used against you. Your spouse could easily gather evidence against you that would have otherwise been left out of the case entirely. Or what if you are a high powered business executive? One of your rival companies could plant a digital eavesdropping device in your office to gather all of your trade secrets, financial plans, and business strategies. Suddenly, your rival company is applying your business strategy to their base and earning what...
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...To be aware of your surroundings is one thing; however eavesdropping on others around you may or may not be an ethical dilemma. “Eavesdropping is secretly listening to the private conversation of others without their consent… This is commonly thought to be unethical and there is an old adage that “eavesdroppers seldom hear anything good of themselves, eavesdroppers always try to listen to matters that concern them.”” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eavesdropping) Twice I had to participate in eavesdropping and observed notes about language, gestures, expressions, etc. Recently I acquired the task of eavesdropping on the people around me. The first conversation I observed was an interesting conversation. This person was face timing a plethora of women just so he could get them to order him some food. At first his body language was calm and completely normal. He was talking rather slow at the start of the conversations. To me I felt like he was talking different because the group of women he face timed for food were Caucasian women. He would start out the conversation asking about their day to make them feel like he cares. Then after a while he would get directly to the food. At first his body language or gestures didn’t change. He was still pretty clam because at the time he felt as though the females were joking and was still going to get him the pizza. Then when he found out they were not joining his whole mood, body language, and gestures changed. When he kept getting denied...
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...Network Eavesdropping Description Network Eavesdropping or network sniffing is a network layer attack consisting of capturing packets from the network transmitted by others' computers and reading the data content in search of sensitive information like passwords, session tokens, or any kind of confidential information. The attack could be done using tools called network sniffers. These tools collect packets on the network and, depending on the quality of the tool, analyze the collected data like protocol decoders or stream reassembling. Depending on the network context, for the sniffing to be the effective, some conditions must be met: • LAN environment with HUBs This is the ideal case because the hub is a network repeater that duplicates every network frame received to all ports, so the attack is very simple to implement because no other condition must be met. • LAN environment with switches To be effective for eavesdropping, a preliminary condition must be met. Because a switch by default only transmits a frame to the port, a mechanism that will duplicate or will redirect the network packets to an evil system is necessary. For example, to duplicate traffic from one port to another port, a special configuration on the switch is necessary. To redirect the traffic from one port to another, there must be a preliminary exploitation like the arp spoof attack. In this attack, the evil system acts like a router between the victim’s communication, making it possible to...
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...NSA Eavesdropping and Data Mining Table of Contents Abstract..........................................................................................................3 Introduction....................................................................................................4 Literature Review............................................................................................6 Discussion.......................................................................................................13 Conclusion......................................................................................................15 References.......................................................................................................17 Abstract Technology is constantly around us and from this point forward it is never going away not that most of us can remember a time without cell phones but for some of us we can still recall a time when it didn’t exist. Eavesdropping has been a complex endeavor and has been evolving over the years from placing a listening device which had a built in microphone and a short distance transmitter. Now it is complex algorithms that can when completely decrypted give a person or an organization complete information on a person and allow them access into a private life. I say private life when in all actuality we seem to be more responsive to sharing everything with everyone in fact it is a lack of anonymity and of a global pandemic...
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...For a better understanding of the situation in the network of the company I decided to start the analysis by the vulnerabilities that this one presents. Many of these vulnerabilities are the cause for different types of network attacks. It should be noted that while many of these vulnerabilities may be mitigated or eliminated the possibility of an attack always exists. The first vulnerability is the email server. Although very well controlled for been within the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), this is always a vulnerability with which most companies have to deal with. This vulnerability opens the way for phishing attack. One way to mitigate this vulnerability is configuring the email server so that only authorized email may enter. This is difficult because our video game company has a large list of customers and suppliers that are in constant change. The best option is to alert users about the security measures and company policies regarding private and unknown emails. The Web and FTP server can be a not very alarming vulnerability. Because it is located in the DMZ and after the Intrusion Detection System (IDS), is unlikely to be corrupted without being detected. The location of the file servers in the network is totally unprotected against internal attacks. Any successful attack in the LAN would leave the data servers exposed. The establishment of a demilitarized zone with a completely different set of log on names and password than any other machines would give these servers better...
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...Electronic Surveillance of Employees Dana Cross LEG 500*023016 October 25, 2010 Dr. C. Phil Campos Abstract It has just been discovered that Herman Hays, the owner of a car dealership, has been eavesdropping on his employees from his office. Tony Sulka, a salesman, was attempting to sale Ms. Drummand a car one afternoon. His sales skills were a little unorthodox which led Ms. Drummand to be confused about her soon to be purchase. Tony oversold the value of the car by potentially misleading Ms. Drummand to purchase a vehicle that literally did not exist. Tony was however just pulling Ms. Drummand’s leg and eventually came clean about the vehicle but not before Mr. Hays came out his office to reprimand him for his behavior. Tony’s fellow co-worker, Shelly Rice was curious to know how Herman overheard Tony’s conversation. She followed Herman into his office and saw that he was wearing a headset. To Herman’s surprise Shelly interrupted and caught him red handed eavesdropping on conversations taking place on the sales floor. Shelly voiced her opinion about Herman’s antics and told him that she could not work in a place where her privacy was invaded. She then left Herman to ponder whether eavesdropping on his employees was wrong or right. Employee Surveillance will be discussed in the pages that follow to determine and discuss both sides from the perspective of the employer and employee. 1. Explain where an employee can reasonably expect to have privacy in the workplace...
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...History of VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) enables individuals and companies to communicate the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over the usage of the internet. The VoIP industry success is stimulated by the US Federal Communication Commission decision not to control or limit voice traffic over the Net, and the low price of these services. According to the Pike & Fischer’s research forecasts, “ a 14% growth rate for the VoIP market over the next five years, and predicts that 30 million US households will use some form of VoIP by the end of 2010”. (sipnology.com). It is now the year 2012 and the VoIP technology growth is still rising due to the documented benefits that VoIP has to offer our society. “Specialists consider that 31.4 million USA households will use a VOIP as the main and the only home phone line by 2012”, according to SNL Kagan’s ten-year outlook. (sipnology.com). It is obvious that the VoIP technology concept is making a major impact on our society. Statistics show that VoIP is really going to change the way people communicate in the present and the VoIP revolution may be compared with mobile revolution of last years. VoIP is a new technology that has influenced our lives in these ways: political, social, economical, and through the media. The first telephone system was introduced back in the 1870s by the inventor Alexander Graham Bell. He had designed a device that could transmit speech electrically from one point to another...
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...Since the invention of radio, intelligence-gathering organizations have been developing and using eavesdropping techniques to intercept and review wireless communications. Initially, these capabilities were solely used to spy on hostile nations, and particularly for military purposes. Human operators had to manually review each transmission, and cryptanalysts pored over military ciphers in an attempt to decode important messages. As wireless communication has become an integral part of commercial and individual existence, and potential threats to security are increasingly found in peacetime and on home ground, the scope of this intelligence gathering has likewise broadened. One of the most controversial eavesdropping systems in existence is a classified project known as ‘Echelon.’ Its use of computer hardware and software to filter communications from all over the world brings up many ethical issues related to the impact of computers on privacy. Overview of Echelon Most of the evidence for Echelon is circumstantial, though a few facts have been established. The participating organizations (notably the US Central Intelligence Agency and National Security Agency) have neither confirmed nor denied its existence. In lieu of a discussion of the ethical issues, a brief summary of the current knowledge follows. How it Works Echelon is the product of Cold War efforts to monitor wireless communications in the USSR. It traces its roots back to the clandestine UKUSA...
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...I. E-Passport Proposal Following the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the Bush Administration launched the Machine Readable Passport (MRP) program to increase border security. In 2005, the US government issued its first E-passports (see Fig 1) to select government officials and went public with issuance in late 2006, albeit amid numerous privacy concerns. The new passports contain traditional passport information (such as name, date of birth, gender, place of birth, date of issuance and expiration, and passport number) as well as personal biometric information for facial and fingerprint recognition purposes on a 64 kilobyte chip. Figure 2 shows the configuration of data in the E-passport (Yong & Bertino, 2007). The US Department of State and Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative determined electronic passports were necessary in order to facilitate faster immigration inspections and increase border protection and security. E-passports are scanned prior to inspections, providing border patrol agents additional assurances regarding authenticity, originality, and validity of the relationship between the holder and travel documentation. They also permit officials to scan passport information against watch lists and national no-travel databases to more accurately define prospective terrorists and other threats to the nation (US DOS, 2009). II. Contactless Technology: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) International standards for passports have been set by the International Civil Aviation...
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...Malicious Attacks and Threats Malicious Attacks and Threats As the lead Information Systems Security Engineer it is my job to ensure that the ongoing threat of malicious attacks and vulnerabilities to the organizations computer network are kept to a minimum so that highly sensitive data will continue to remain protected. However, recent reports from the CIO suggest that there has been a small amount of malicious activity reported on the network. The CIO is requesting I look into the current network infrastructure and make necessary changes to the network so that the system remains free from the threat and vulnerability of future malicious activity that would impact the organizations network. Attacks on computer systems and networks occur by the billions every year and are on a dramatic increase. Many organizations have invested vast amounts of money in computer networks, only to find out that although it is providing means of improving the efficiency and productivity of the organization it also exposes the organization to possible malicious attacks and threats. Such attacks have been the most challenging issue for a majority of Information System Security Engineers where they utilize the necessary resources to protect the network from these vulnerabilities. The greatest overall threat to computer systems and their information comes from humans, through actions that are either malicious or ignorant. When the action is malicious, some motivation or goal...
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...Electronic Surveillance of Employees Dawn Cuffie Professor M. Best Law, Ethics and Corporate Goverance-LEG 500 January 22, 2012 1. Explain where an employee can reasonable expect to have privacy in the workplace. Employees are deemed not to have “a reasonable expectation of privacy”. Employees are expected to follow guidelines and regulations regarding usage of workplace computers, telephones, cell phones, pagers, email and internet. These are often times found in the employee handbook and manuals managed by HR. In the private sector, privacy law is determined by the variety of state and federal statutes and the common law of torts (Halbert and Ingulli, pg. 74). Employees may file a claim based on “intrusion” of privacy but must prove that the electronic surveillance was highly obnoxiousness and intrusive and that the reasons for retrieval was irrelevant to the employee’s job. Government employees may argue that electronic surveillance and monitoring violate their Fourth Amendment right to “reasonable expectations of privacy”. These cases are often time judged by the balance test which weighs the importance of the employee’s privacy against the employer’s interest. An example of this is correctional facilities performing body and bag checks on their employees before they enter the facility. The safety of the inmates and the employees at the correctional facilities is of more importance than that of an individual’s need for privacy. Social media such as Face...
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...| TEMPEST Paper | | A brief look into the history and evolution of compromising emanations. | | Nicole King CIS 284s Winter 2013 | 2/1/2013 | | Introduction TEMPEST stands for “Telecommunications Electronics Material Protected From Spurious Emanating Transmissions”. It also is used to refer to security preventing any exploitation of vulnerabilities created by compromising emanations of electrical devices. Basically when electrical devices operate, they generate electromagnetic signals that can be intercepted and used to reconstruct sensitive information. “Listening” for these signals is known as “eavesdropping”. With the right equipment an eavesdropper can be hundreds of feet from the signal. This presents a real problem when a computer is processing classified information. The NSA (National Security Agency) has developed the TEMPEST standard which consists of several industry measurements to avoid such leakage. These computers have heavy metal cases, different power supplies and some additional modifications. History TEMPEST came about in 1918 by a man named Herbert Yardley. He and his Black Chamber staff were instructed by the U.S. Army to find ways to detect and exploit combat radio transmitters and telephones. Yardley determined that normal equipment was allowing secret information to be passed to the enemy via technical vulnerabilities. A program was then created to find ways to prevent the compromising emanations. Even though the initial...
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...Running Head: PERFORM A FORENSICS ANALYSIS OF A NETWORK BREAK-IN Perform a Forensics Analysis of a Network Break-in Tiffany McGarr IT540-02: Management of Information Security Dr. Flick January 10, 2014 Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………3 Part One: Screen Shots for OSForensics………………………………………………………………….4&5 Part Two: What servers were compromised?...................................................................................................6 Was network equipment compromised?.............................................................................................................................6&7 What user accounts were employed to gain access?..................................................................7&8 What vulnerabilities were exploited?..............................................................................................8 What can be done to prevent a recurrence?................................................................................8&9 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………...9 References……………………………………………………………………………………….10 Abstract The purpose of this paper was to perform a forensics analysis of a network break-in. In the first part of the paper, six screen shots are inserted from the OSForensics software. In the second part of the paper, it discussed how to go about finding information when you are told there has been a break-in...
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...system to attain free calls is called phreaking. Among the three choices VoIP would be the correct answer("Understanding VoIP Security, Part 3: Phreaking, Eavesdropping, and Spam over IP Telephony", 2018). 7) While developing your organization's Web site, the Web developer needs to ensure that certain messages are transmitted securely. Which technology would be the best choice for this purpose? a)HTTP b)HTTPS c)S-HTTP Answer: C The transmission of secured messages over the World Wide Web is best suited for the secure Hypertext protocol. The messages will either be encrypted or contain a certificate. ("What is S-HTTP (Secure HTTP)? - Definition from WhatIs.com", 2018). 8) What is a teardrop attack? a) It sends malformed packets to the intended victim. b)It uses ICMP messages to overwhelm the intended victim. c)It uses UDP messages to overwhelm the intended victim. Answer:...
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...Wireless networks are vulnerable to the following specific security attacks: Attack Description Rogue access point A rogue access point is any unauthorized access point added to a network. Examples include: • An attacker or an employee with access to the wired network installs a wireless access point on a free port. The access port then provides a method for remotely accessing the network. • An attacker near a valid wireless access point installs an access point with the same (or similar) SSID. The access point is configured to prompt for credentials, allowing the attacker to steal those credentials or use them in a man-in-the-middle attack to connect to the valid wireless access point. • An attacker configures a wireless access point in a public location, and then monitors traffic of those who connect to the access point to capture sensitive information such as usernames and passwords. Be aware of the following to mitigate and protect your network against rogue access points: • Monitor the radio frequencies in your area to identify access points broadcasting in your area. • Put access points in separate virtual LANs and implement some type of intrusion detection to help identify when an attacker is attempting to set up a rogue access point or is using a brute force attack to gain access. • When you find an unauthorized access point, unplug the Ethernet cable on the access point to disconnect it from the wired network. A rogue access point that is configured to mimic...
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