...button to indicate that a screenreader is being used so we may better provide accessible content DEBUNKING TH E MYTHS OF DEBUNKING THE MYTHS OF EBOLA MARK PHILLIPS WESTERN GOVENERS UNIVERSITY LUT1 Debunking The Myths Of Ebola Introduction a. Audience Hook: There seems to be a lot of hysteria about Ebola in the news media. Look at any news source and Ebola is probably on the front page. It makes it seem as though we should be frightened, but how much of a threat does Ebola pose? This presentation was put together to debunk the myths of Ebola and outline what is being done to combat its spread in the United States. b. Thesis Statement: Research suggest that the current Ebola outbreak will not be an epidemic in the United States because it has limited transmission vectors, limited survival on fomites (inanimate objects), and adequate containment measures are achievable to prevent its transmission. Additionally the U.S. community and government responses will be much different than they are in the countries where Ebola is escalating. c. Preview of Main Points: i. Research indicates Ebola is not transmittable through the air but only by direct contact with an infected source so it appears that contact precautions will be an adequate barrier to its spread. ii. Ebola has limited ability to live on fomites therefore research shows that fomites must contain large sources of body fluids in order for the disease to...
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...(La la la la la) (La la la la la) (La la la la la) (La la la la la) Rucka Rucka Ali I tell you where it's from Africa That's from where Ebola comes West side It hides in the suitcase Two days later It lands in USA I get it from my girlfriend And give it to my dad I catch it on the subway And leave it in the cab I eat it at Subway Drink it at Starbucks Ebola's everywhere And I give no fucks They scared It's bad Ebola's gonna kill us all dead They mad How'd this happen Gotta make sure that nobody else gets it I'm sorry but I have it and you have it Or you'll get it so forget it Don't sweat it Just let it be I'm telling you Ebola's not the enemy Listen I have Ebo (La la la la la) And you have Ebo (La la la la la) And we have Ebo (La la la la la)...
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...about an emergent disease facing the world. Ebola has affected many countries in the world including United States of America. It has brought about many sociological factors that influenced the world to come together and work together and work together to fight the pandemic disease. United States and Britain come together raised money and funded my research institutions in America and in Africa to fight the disease. Therefore, I will take you into a journey and explain what Ebola is and how it is affected the world according to my research based on this disease. I hope you will learn how it affected the social factors in the society, for example, fatality rates and how the world society was affected in terms of health, financial constraints. This research paper is dedicated to the restless efforts of scientists, and government in the United States and Britain for their great contribution to fight Ebola. To the courageous doctors who flew to Africa and risked their lives in order to help the people in West Africa. Ebola virus disease (EVD) was also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, it is severe, often fatal illness in humans. It is transmitted from wild animals and spreads to human population via direct human transmission. For example, it can also be transmitted through body fluids, objects and fruits from primates Also, Ebola firstly appeared in Sudan, Nzara and in the Republic of Congo in a village near Ebola River, thus its name evolved. Currently, it...
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...Ebola Virus Ebola is the virus that is currently discussed in the news today because of its deadly outcome and widespread outbreak on the southeastern Guinea communities in West Africa. First identified as the Ebola hemorrhagic fever, the Ebola disease is transported by wild animals yet spread also by human-to-human contact. Sun et al. (2014) stated in The Washington Post that this single virus may infect over 1.4 million people, is classified as an endemic, and could possibly affect other countries. Authors of the article noted that people were dying in the streets, the outbreak has surged past 5,800 people infected, and so far have been at least 2,800 deaths. Numbers related to the outbreak and subsequent deaths are rising daily. The New England Journal of Medicine (2014) stated the number of deaths related to Ebola is expected to increase by a thousand per week. According to the article, the citizens of Sierra Leone affected others at the rate of two to one. For every one person who becomes affected with the Ebola virus, then two other people in the population will become ill. The Guinea and Liberia communities are not affected at such an alarming rate, yet the virus is rapidly spreading. The World Health Organization (WHO) research team noted there are only a small percentage of treatments and vaccines for the virus that are able to treat the virus. The likelihood that the treatment would be available in large quantities is a small percentage. In West Africa, the...
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...First outbreak of Ebola virus disease was in 1976. This uncommon disease was reported in Central Africa in Zaire (WHO, 2014)? Since the discovery of Ebola virus in 1976 the outbreak of Ebola virus was reported in West Africa in March 2014. (WHO 2014). Ebola virus was named after Ebola River which traversed through the affected region. Studies showed that there are five spices of Ebola virus, each single-stranded RNA virus in the filoviridae family. The Bundibugyo, Zaire, and Sudan species have been responsible for the entire known Ebola outbreak’s, with current outbreak in West Africa (K.Pritish. el, al. 2014, p. 1712). Centres for Disease Control reported that the other two Ebola virus species are the Reston Ebola virus, which seems like is limited to Philippines and has not reported that cause any human disease to date, whereas, Tai Forest Ebola virus, which did infect to a scientist, who was performing an autopsy on a chimpanzee (CDC, 2014). The World Health Organisation (2015) stated that fruit bats were the host of Ebola Virus. (WHO, 2014). Monkeys and other nonhuman primates may serve as intermediate hosts. Therefore increased human-animal interface in parts of Africa and the black market bush meat trade have been implicated in bringing the disease into human populations. (K.Pritish. et. al p. 1713). One of the researchers who first identified Ebola virus, Dr Peter Piot 1976 stated, “In general, it is an infection that causes epidemics only if basic hospital hygiene is...
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...EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA: AN APPRAISAL INTRODUCTION 1. Governments worldwide desire an epidemic free and healthy nation. The outbreak of the highly contagious Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) with fatality rate of up to 90 per cent could become an epidemic if not contained. It is a serious concern to governments since it threatens the health and Well-being of the Citizens (WC) and invariably the National Security (NS) of countries. 2. In the United States of America (USA), the infection of 2 missionaries with EVD while working in Liberia, prompted President Obama to stress that EVD is a threat to the NS of USA. The current EVD outbreak in West Africa has reached an epidemic level and has spread across Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea. By 25 Oct 14, World Health Organization (WHO) reported 10,141 cases. The fatalities have negative effect on human resource and businesses, restrict movement and cause general panic thereby affecting the NS of these countries. 3. In Nigeria, there were confirmed cases of EVD in Lagos and Rivers States. The Federal Government of Nigeria’s (FGN) efforts at isolating, treating and monitoring EVD cases led to its containment and thereby made WHO to declare Nigeria EVD free on 20 Oct 14. Despite these efforts, EVD could re-occur as seen in other countries and could threaten NS of Nigeria. The purpose of this paper therefore is to discuss EVD as it affects NS in Nigeria. The paper will cover conceptual...
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...of Contents Table of Contents Introduction Historical Occurrences of Ebola Countries Affected by the Current Outbreak How the Ebola Virus Spreads Current Level of Infection The Response to the Crisis i. Internally by the local government ii. The role of UN agencies iii. The role of Non governmental agencies iv. The role of the International community v. Canada’s role to date Canada’s Preparedness for a Mass Epidemic Conclusion Bibliography Page 1 of 16 2 3 3 6 8 9 11 13 14 15 EBOLA HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER Introduction This report will attempt to disseminate current and accurate information regarding the status of the Ebola Haemorrhagic fever. While western Africa is currently experiencing the largest outbreak of the Ebola virus in history, this severe and often fatal disease is also affecting thousands of innocent people across our world. Never has the medical community had to deal with such an outbreak. Not only do the medical professionals not know how to treat and handle afflicted patients, they are unable to contain this virus that is spreading at a violent speed. This report will discuss the following issues surrounding Ebola: Historical Occurences, Countries Currently Affected, How the Virus Spreads, Current Level of Infection, Response to the Crisis and Canada’s preparedness for a mass epidemic. Historical Occurrences of Ebola Ebola virus disease, or Ebola haemorrhagic fever first appeared in 1976, in Nzara, Sudan and Yambuku...
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...March 26, 2014 the Zaire ebolavirus(EBOV) was confirmed to be the cause of the outbreak in West Africa. Up until 2014 this species had only been located in Gaban, Republic of the Congo, Central Africa, and Democratic Republic of the Congo. EBOV is considered the most deadly of the five known species of Ebola, holding true with approximately 11,000 deaths of approximately 28,000 reported cases from the start of the outbreak in March of 2014 to the present. Unfortunately there is no magic pill or cure that will destroy the Ebola virus, however with rapidly advancing technology a vaccine may be available within the year. The Ebola virus “was first identified in 1976 by Professor Peter Piot.” (Boulton, 2014, p. 988) Sudan cotton workers contracted the Ebola virus presumably from bats and when treated at the local hospital infecting many health care workers and then spreading the disease to nearby villages. This species was labeled the Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV). During the same year a few months later, in Zaire, a teacher was infected by eating bush meat, once treated at a neighboring hospital the disease spread due to re-using of contaminated needles. This species was labeled Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV). In 1989 another species was discovered, Reston ebolavirus (RESTV). Monkeys imported from the Philippines’ arrived in Virginia infected with the virus. Yet another species emerged in 1994. During a necropsy, an anthropologist was infected with Tai Forest ebolavirus (TAFV). The last species...
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...International Effort to Combat Ebola By : Karinna – FE – Management – 2014 karinnali@yahoo.com / 081282689585 The disease that sent the world into frenzy used to be HIV AIDS, now, we have a new source of people anxiety, Ebola. There’s practically no one in this whole world that hasn’t heard about Ebola. The first Ebola case happened in 1976, simultaneously in 2 places, one in a village near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the other in a remote area of Sudan. Since then, Ebola has not been noticed by the international world until the current outbreak happened in March 2014 in West Africa Now, the number of death caused by ebola has reach over 4.000 and still counting. The countries with the highest death number caused by ebola are Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The disease, however, has now spread to other countries out of the Africa continent. United States of America got it’s first ebola case earlier this month. Thomas Eric Duncan travelled from Liberia to USA on September 20 and died on October 8, just a week after he was diagnosed with ebola. The extremly high death rate, up to 90%, has made many countries take precaution to prevent eloba to spread or infect their country. One of US airport, JFK, located in New York, has started to do inspection towards passengers and crew arriving from the three countries with most patients suffering from ebola. JFK is now doing health screening and ask the passengers series of questions about wheter they have...
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...Year 1976 , when I first reigned in Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo where I get my name . Meantless, I really don’t expect that great humans are to afraid of me, I let my kids—clans ,scratch and sprout more faster ,thanks to their help. But lately, I came slow and weak so I let just stop my plan and recharge. Then after it, my popularity came down . I promise I will come back more popular than it someday and here I am now. This time recently, I attacked in Western Africa , remember my plan? I just continue it and guess what ? 15,400 are reported infected and 5,100 killed. I am now so powerful . Lately people do anything just to ignore me, but don’t they see that they’re the only one making way to let me in into their weak body? Now, they’re trying to kill me . but that’s a do or die game. Injecting what so ever medicines and liquids around their body with me let me do job more hard but I still have to try that’s why it results in their internal bleeding also some of my branches are transmitted through their bodily fluids like saliva, teardrops ,vomit and others. Honestly, I may just be a virus for them but I also have feelings , feelings cannot be understood by them .They do not believe to it ‘couz they’re not like me. Its just kind of abuse, abuse that neither rich or poor people do. Something that will remind them right now how hard it is to be poor. Not in material things but environmental and habitat. I might not be with them right now if...
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...A trademark protects any phrase, symbol, and/or design that identify the source or origin of the goods or the services of one party from those of others. Federal registration are not required but recommended, as it adds value to the goods or services set forth in the registration. Trademarks can be licensed to third parties, it to third parties, be sold with a specified value or used as equity for business development. A patent protects the functional expression of an idea, it grants the property right to the inventor in exchange for public disclosure of the invention. In order to qualify for a patent, an invention must be novel, useful and non-obvious. A registered patent can be used to raise funds for business, licensed or sell the invention. A copyright protects works of authorship, the specific creative expression of an idea through any medium of artistic expression that has been tangibly expressed. Copyright provides licensing fee and royalty payments. Copyright’s filing fee is small, registration period is relatively short, and the examination process is administrative. For trademark, the filing fee is much higher with a longer registration period, and an adversarial examination process. Registration and filling are desirable but not requite for both copyright and trademark, however it is a necessary step for issue patent. Both Copyrights and patents are under federal law while trademark laws differ in each state. There is also a federal trademark law. Once a work...
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...disappeared and newer, more daunting ones have emerged. Many of these changes have taken place in the wake of important transformations in human civilizations and ecology. It is therefore feasible to propose that diseases succeed and fail in response to humanity's advances. Natural selection is unable to provide us with perfect protection against all pathogens, because they tend to evolve much faster than humans do. E. coli, for example, with its rapid rates of reproduction, has as much opportunity for mutation and selection in one day as humanity gets in a millennium. And our defenses, whether natural or artificial, make for potent selection forces. Pathogens either quickly evolve a counter defense or become extinct. Diseases such as AIDS, Ebola, Polio have shown their wrath and humans have sought to find cures and treatment options. By definition, disease is essentially “a disorder of structure or function that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affect a specific location (not just from a physical injury)” (WHO, 2007). The true boundaries and limitations of disease remain elusive. Healthcare specialists and researchers use “normal” conditions as their basis in order to understand what disease is. By understanding what disease is, one can target and identify the causes of the “abnormal” condition. The truth about diseases is that they are all relative. The question of how disease came to be remains unanswered though. Diseases are about as old as time—they have always...
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...Public Health Management Abstract Many low-income countries need to significantly scale up coverage of priority health services. This will generally require additional national and international resources, but better leadership and management are key to using these resources effectively to achieve measurable results. Good leadership and management are about providing direction to, and gaining commitment from, partners and staff, facilitating change and achieving better health services through efficient, creative and responsible deployment of people and other resources. While leaders set the strategic vision and mobilize the efforts towards its realization, good managers ensure effective organization and utilization of resources to achieve results and meet the aims. Public health management is really needed in Africa. For active and resourceful nursing management in Africa, competencies are vital. It is important to know the expertise of the managers on these competencies. It is also important to know if there is a gap between what managers think they know and what they really know in regards to skills. The role of public health for case management is to upkeep early identification of possible circumstances and persons under investigation (PUI) via investigation, mapping communication, awareness activities to healthcare workers and the public. Public health experts can also partake in updating the channeling of PUIs’ likely plus confirmed cases to health care facilities...
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...kasl;dka;s da;sdlas;dasnfks Dasdmsakdmlasdas;das Dasd a;sdlas Transmission It is thought that fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are natural Ebola virus hosts. Ebola is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals such as chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines found ill or dead or in the rainforest. Ebola then spreads through human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials (e.g. bedding, clothing) contaminated with these fluids. Health-care workers have frequently been infected while treating patients with suspected or confirmed EVD. This has occurred through close contact with patients when infection control precautions are not strictly practiced. Burial ceremonies in which mourners have direct contact with the body of the deceased person can also play a role in the transmission of Ebola. People remain infectious as long as their blood and body fluids, including semen and breast milk, contain the virus. Men who have recovered from the disease can still transmit the virus through their semen for up to 7 weeks after recovery from illness. Symptoms of Ebola virus disease The incubation period, that is, the time interval from infection with the virus to onset of symptoms is 2 to 21 days. Humans are...
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...Paper 1 Ebola Ebola first appeared in 1976 in 2 separate incidents which occurred at the same time. The first one in Nzara, Sudan the other in Yambuka Democratic Republic of Congo in a village near the Ebola river, from which the disease gets its name. The reason why Ebola is spreading so frequently now is because the latest case have started in Guinea und has spread into Liberia and Sierra Leone, It is stilled being carried by persons from one to the other so it has not changed. The Human is being infected by coming into contact with an animal that has the disease which then infects that person who then in turns infects other people he comes into contact with. The ways that an infected person infects another person is from direct contact through broken skin or mucous membrane with the blood or other bodily fluids or secretions of the infected person. The incubation period range from 2 to 21 days. I now from personal experience that the Military has a 21 day incubation period for all those that come back from the West Africa Region, but it is not on the same post where you are stationed but on one of the 6 posts that are specially set up for this, this areas are like you normal place of duty or home, you are there just to be checked if you have the disease as you go about your daily routine. People that are exposed to Ebola are encouraged to seek out medical attention right away so that they can get proper...
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