...Economics of Climate Change Sachin Sharma 11060221060 Research Supervisor: Mrs. Sukalpa Chakrabarti A Dissertation Submitted in the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Economics (2011 - 2014) Symbiosis School of Economics CONSTITUENT OF SYMBIOSIS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (Established Under Section 3 Of The UGC Act 1956, By Notification No F9-12/2001-U.3 Of Government Of India) EXAMINERS’ CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation titled ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE submitted by has been assessed and graded towards the partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Science (Economics) in the academic year 2011-14. ____________________________ (Signature) Name of Internal Examiner: _________________________________________ ____________________________ (Signature) Name of External Examiner: _________________________________________ Date: Time: Place: Symbiosis School of Economics CONSTITUENT OF SYMBIOSIS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (Established Under Section 3 Of The UGC Act 1956, By Notification No F9-12/2001-U.3 Of Government Of India) Submission Checklist | Tick the field on the left of the list | | INITIAL PRECONTENT MATTER | | Filled in all fields on the title page. | | Filled in the acknowledgments page. | | Filled in the executive summary page. Dissertation abstract is fewer than 350 words. | PAGE NUMBERS | | No page number...
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...Economics and Change Dimensions of Professional Practice 08/02/2015 Economics and Change Introduction Health care in America is at the center of controversy. It is a progressive and rapid changing entity. Since the 1970s, America has seen many different types of programs and funds created to help solve the issue of the cost of health care. Many of these programs are on the brink of bankruptcy and have not done far enough to make it more affordable and assessable. Actually America has the most expensive healthcare system in the world and not only is it the most expensive, but in many areas such as quality of care, America is no where near the top among developed countries (Davis, Stremikis, Squires, & Schoen, 2014). The purpose of this paper is to show how democratic leadership along with power-coercive and empirical-rational can help implement this new healthcare law. This paper will also discuss the importance of committees and economics on this new law. Democratic Leadership To enact such a massive law as the affordable care act one must be willing to work and listen to others to get the best information on this topic. In this type of leadership it is of the utmost importance for the leader to have participation from the group. There are major political differences in the United States right now. Using this type of leadership would bring representatives from both sides of the aisle together. This type of leadership uses open discussion and questions...
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...An economic concept that correlates to the onset of 3-D printing is the international labor market. Traditionally, the majority of U.S. companies have opted to outsource labor to lower their production costs. Firms will often hire more employers to increase productivity as long as the marginal cost, the cost of hiring on additional worker, is lower than the marginal benefit, the revenue and benefit that the firms will receive in return for hiring the worker. All firms essentially want to maximize their profit and they can do so using cheaper laborers in foreign, developing countries such as China. However, outsourcing is detracts from the U.S. economy since firms hire fewer employees domestically. 3-D printers can prevent that possibility and thus help companies grow since they would not need to heavily rely on either outsourcing or traditional manufacturing laborers. Since manufacturing firms can lower their production costs and produce more with the help of 3D printers, the aggregate supply of the nation increases, thereby lowering the price level for consumer goods. The decrease in prices would in turn decrease the value of a worker’s marginal productivity of labor, subsequently decreasing the demand of traditional or outsourced labor. ~~Another economic concept that comes into play with the labor demand topic is elasticity. Elasticity of demand can be represent by the percentage change in quantity demanded over the percentage change in price, which measures, in this situation...
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...Technological Change and Economic Growth Without economic growth a country cannot grow itself as a whole. To understand the role of technological change in economic growth, we must first explore economic growth. Economic growth is the increase in a nation’s real gross domestic product per person over time. There are two types of growth, the positive and the negative. Some of the positive effects are better living standards, better health care, and material abundance. It also has negative effects such as environmental destruction, and increased income inequality. With each invention over the past 150 years or so, it has made economic growth easier. Even little things can make a big difference in production which can lead to greater production and more profit which in turn helps the GDP grow as well as the economy. There are tradeoffs with the technology growth, for example the invention of the cell phone. It makes everything so much easier and more convenient, but because of that people are getting rid of their household lines, thus causing phone companies to lose money, with less profit coming in they are forced to lay off people. Another way to look at it is, that those cell phones now create new jobs for people because they need to be manufactured and produced. This provides jobs and the company profits helping the economy grow. With how fast technology is expanding and making its way into the work force and making everyday lives easier it is also costing us as well. People...
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...Human development in a basis of brainpower is one of the most fundamental cause not only economic development but also in terms of development in general. Human endures intellect toward productive growth in developed countries which mainly relies on technological innovation. However, as for developing countries, growth and development follows developed countries by forcing the technology mechanism and changing the structure of production towards activities with higher levels of productivity. The evidence show that during 1970s and 1980s there were of structural changes in economic activities where developing countries enters the global markets. In his preface, Giplin (2001; xi) point out that “…important step toward the creation of a truly global economy, since the mid-1980s the world has also witnessed the extraordinary growth of economic regionalism as a countermovement to economic globalization.” Similarly, Magdoff (1992; 50) state that “In fact, capital exports have helped shape the evolving global economy ever since the end of the Second World War”. Moreover, Glyn and Sutcliffe (1992; 79) point out that “…left the world economy leaderless in the 1970s and 1980s with increasingly open economies disciplined by market forces, but without a unique center of gravity.” This implies that global economies forces t To provide a well-structured discussion, this essay will begin by briefly introducing into how neo-liberalism in the mainstream of development thinking greatly achieve...
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...Growth is when the economy improves after recession. The growth stage of the business cycle is the expansion stage. At this point, the business is doing well, growing rapidly and responding favourably to an active market. Demand for goods and services will grow, the business will start expanding because the economy is favourable. BP have more money to invest in their business, so they sell as many products as they can produce and bring a large amount of funds into growth activities to keep up with demand. During growth inflation level rises and currently the British government have set an inflation target of 2%. When economy is growing this means the general cost of living is going up When inflation level increases, the average cost of living standard, more people get employed. This means the overall economy is doing and this an average household will consume more than they would during recession, if the economy is doing, this will affect the economy because they would have more disposable income, this may have a positive effect on BP because more people are likely to be more cars, so more people are likely to visit BP. When the economy is growing production level also increases, this means company are producing more because of the increase in the demand, the demand will increase because there more money in the economy. This could increase BP’s sales. Recovery is a period business activity increases indicating the end of a recession. Recovery mostly need a stimulus to...
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...Major Change from 1865-1914 One major economic change between 1865 and 1914 was the rapid economic growth and prosperity in the U.S. which became to have the most dominant economic, industrial, and agricultural power during this time. The United States had accumulation of capital through a continuing series of investment that just soared dramatically. This economic soar was a turning point for American History and a relief for those who did not have jobs, it was an opportunity for those who did not have job to finally be able seek a better living and a decent job. Robert Higgs, a graduate student wrote a book of the American Economy during 1865-1914. In Robert Higgs book “The Transformation of the American Economy,” he states, “The Gilded Age, lasting from 1865 to World War I, was an era of economic growth never before seen in the history of the world. The standard of living of the modern age was born during this time of phenomenal transition. Lives lengthen. Wealth exploded. The middle class lived better than kings a century earlier” (Transformation of The American Economy). This statement in the book clearly speaks for itself. The economy during this time era was a tremendous upscale in history. The significance of the economic growth during this time meant no more living with the worry of not having a job or having to migrate from city to city just to find a job. This time period brought many people the chance to live a better life and with better pay so to say. Many companies...
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...EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF VIET NAM Literature Review 3 I. General 3 1. Geographical location & Vietnam’s climate 3 a. Geographical location 3 b. Climate 3 2. Effects of geographical & climate on Vietnam’s economy: 6 a. Effects of geographical location to Vietnam’s economy: 6 II. Definition, causes and actual situation of Viet Nam under climate change 7 1. Definition of climate change 8 2. Causes of climate change: 8 a. Natural causes 8 b. Human causes 9 c. Greenhouse gases and their sources 9 3. Actual situation in Vietnam: 12 III. Impact of Climate change on Viet Nam economy 14 1. Impact of Climate change on economy in general: 14 2. Climate change directly affects every economic sector 15 a. Impacts of climate change on agriculture, forestry and fisheries 15 b. Impact of climate change on industry sector 20 c. .Impacts of climate change on tourism sector 20 d. Impacts of climate change in components of the economy. 22 IV. Policies to deal with problems caused by climate change 26 1. Opportunities 26 2. Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change 26 The Three Approaches in Brief: 27 References 35 Literature Review There are many studies that have examined the effects of climate change on Vietnam’s economy. The majority of findings stated that climate change have negative impacts on Vietnam’s economy and suggest possible adaptation or mitigation measures to lessen the adverse impacts. The economies of some countries...
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...Week 8: Current Event Four Changes in Technological Progress and its Contribution to Economic Growth This paper addresses this question by looking at how the behavior of labor productivity grew at a significantly faster rate in the late 90's. The New Economy hypothesis to be examined is whether investment in IT caused the acceleration in productivity. The evidence suggests a growing consensus on two conclusions (Feroli 2001). Information technology is an important factor in the recent acceleration productivity growth (Feroli 2001). Both the production and the use of IT contributed to the productivity revival (Feroli 2001). Information-led development (ILD) most commonly refers to a development strategy whereby a developing country makes a primary economic policy focus the creation and development of a national information technology (IT) sector with the express aim of relying on this sector as an engine of growth (Wikipedia, 2009). While forecasting productivity growth is a chancy and often unsuccessful enterprise, there is some reason to believe that the acceleration in labor productivity could persist for several more years (Feroli 2001). This guarded optimism is informed by recurrent them in the literature that investments in IT manifest themselves in higher productivity with a lag of a few years (Feroli 2001). Information technology can affect aggregate labor productivity through two channels: the production...
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...Economics and Change Theresa Williamson FSCJ Dimensions of Professional Practice NUR3805 Dr. Kramer September 22, 2015 Economics and Change In March of 2010 President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act (ACA) into law. This act was to ensure that all Americans have access to healthcare. It provided coverage for pre-existing conditions, free preventative care, discounted medications for seniors and protected consumers against health care fraud. As health care professionals we had to accept and adapt to the change that was inevitably going to occur. This is going to be a collaborative effort on many different levels from nursing to case managers to nurse leaders. This act is going to require us to look at the way we charge for healthcare and how we are reimbursed for the care provided more carefully. The expectations are going to change for all involved with providing quality care to patients in any healthcare setting. The Affordable Care Act was not a spontaneous change but more of a mix between a developmental change and planned change. According to Blais and Hayes (Blais & Hayes, 2011, p. 254-255) “developmental change refers to physiopsychologic changes that occur during an individual’s life cycle or to the growth of an organization as it becomes more complex.” As a nation and a whole more and more people were not covered for health care or could not afford to pay for health care out of pocket. “More than 45 million American are uninsured, and as...
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...ECONOMICS: CHANGES OVER THE CENTURIES LANDON COPE HISTORY 202 NOVEMBER 5, 2009 INTRODUCTION This report attempts to uncover the changing attitudes towards economics in the world over the course of several centuries. Several articles will be examined in an attempt to trade how basic attitudes, approaches, beliefs, ideas, and values concerning economics have changed over time. The articles being examined are (1) The Wealth of Nation by Adam Smith, (2) The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and (3) Japan’s Gross National Cool by Douglass McGray. The Wealth of Nations was published in 1776 and will represent the earliest of the works being examined here. Smith explains economic principles such as self-interest, supply and demand, and free marketplace. From this work we see the unraveling of capitalism and the paradigm of free trade. This work set the premise for many works to follow, including The Communist Manifesto. The Communist Manifesto is an influential political manuscript that outlines the problems with capitalism and the struggles between classes. Communism is trumpeted here, as well as conditions necessary for a transition to communism. This work was written in 1848 and represents a stark contrast to The Wealth of Nations in principle and in theory. Much has resulted from this manuscript and its ideas as can still be seen in the world today. Lastly, Japan’s Gross National Cool represents modern economic thought. Written in 2002, its...
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...Is technological innovation the main source of all economic development and change? How might differing research and development systems influence the performance of major nations? Introduction Technological innovation has come to be regarded as a central factor upon which success is contingent (Dodgson and Bessant, 1996: 3; Schumpeter, 1943: 83). Not only has it been considered a promise for generating competitive advantage but it has also been prescribed as a remedy for a broad range of managerial problems such as intense competition, globalised marketplace and technology fusion (Eris & Saatcioglu, 2004). Since the middle of the 20th century many theorists have explored the issue of technological innovation and how it influences performance on the national, industry and firm level. This report will firstly, compare the R&D systems of the USA, UK, Germany, Japan and China and then analyse the automobile and semiconductor industries in relation to these systems to show that technological innovation is not the main source of economic development. Technological innovation Various definitions of technological innovation have been devised as part of existing theories. In addition, technology and innovation are often used interchangeably. Throughout this report, however, technological innovation will be regarded as the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, crafts or methods in terms of new products and processes (Porter, 1990; Nelson, 1993). Further, a distinction...
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...Political: Northeast, industry growth, political views changing, and social changes. Unions forming in the North. Miners and steelworkers were among first workers to use strikes against business owners. Southern Laws that allowed segregation and discrimination made it hard for southern African Americans to enjoy life. West Discrimination and riots because of tension white Americans and immigrants. Midwest Labor unions were becoming more popular. Social reform in Ohio and Illinois. In rural areas, farmers were somewhat politically active. Social: Northeast Growth of industry showed the gap between rich and poor. businesses owners wanted to increase profits. Workers wanted better wages and working conditions. South The post-Civil War South continued to have race issues. New segregation laws...
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...Economic, Social, and Political Change Worksheet Agricultural Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors that contributed to the agricultural revolution in Europe? The three most important factors of were the three-field system, warmer temperatures, and advanced farming equipment. 2. How did the agricultural revolution change European society? Provide an example. The revolution changed Europe for the better, it provided more jobs to people as new farming equipment was in demand. It also helped many people move their lives away from farming and it helped expand Europe. Industrial Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors that contributed to the industrial revolution in Europe? The three most important factors for the industrial revolution were the use of steam power instead of human or animal power, the invention of machines to do the work instead of people and the use of the factory system. 3. Describe working conditions in factories and mines between 1800 and 1850. What was life like for a typical worker? Reference at least one primary source to support your response. The working conditions were poor, at best. After the revolution, demand for new goods and people to make them were on the rise, at incredible rates. Miners would have an average 12 hours a day shift,...
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...Economic, Political and Social Change Worksheet Michael Alexander History of Western Civilization from the French Revolution to the Present HIS/114 November 02, 2011 Nicole Vieille University of Phoenix Material Economic, Social, and Political Change Worksheet Agricultural Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in two to three sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors contributing to the agricultural revolution in Europe? The three factors that contributed were intensifying traditional practices, putting more land to produce more, and more workers to work the land. Because Europe was continuing to grow, the agricultural growth needed to expand. 2. How did the agricultural revolution change European society? Provide an example. Europe came up with an agricultural revolution to help advance their economy. They used their technique instead of using technology. Europe decided not to use machines, but continue to use human strength, this was to help their crop yields and this method has been used for centuries during population pressure. Industrial Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in two to three sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors contributing to the industrial revolution in Europe? Three of the important factors were the steam engine, the spinning jenny, and the smelting of iron with coke. These were three inventions, but they also had 100’s of new ideas that they applied...
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