...The causes of long term growth differences have been the object of many research studies and debates in the economic history field. While some blame it on geography or simply luck, others consider technology improvements as being a relevant cause for growth. This essay will analyze the relationship between culture and economic growth through a closer look on entrepreneurial culture and its effects. There are many ways in which one can define culture and as many in which to describe entrepreneurial behavior. Studies conducted, both from an economic perspective (focused on the effects and therefore the relationship with economic growth) and a social / psychological one (concerned with the origins and trait research) have in common 3 attributes defining entrepreneurial behavior: need for achievement, internal locus of control and risk taking predisposition. The need for achievement was linked by McClelland to a country’s economic success in one of the first studies trying to define entrepreneurial culture. McClelland’s thesis states that countries characterized by high levels of N achievements have higher levels of economic development but was contested by more than e few economists. In other word countries that have high scores on entrepreneurial culture should have high rates of entrepreneurship which will lead to economic success. The main flaw is related to the methods of measurement (by analysis of widespread folk tales and contemporary children schoolbooks) of the N achievement...
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...A comparative study of political, economic and social-cultures issues of the Russia and India Prepared for: Dr. Joe Zhou Peng Submitted: 11 May 2015 Prepared by: Zahara CitraArifin 006 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 1 Task 1 1.1 Economy of Russia and India 2 Terrorist aspects of globalization 2 1.2 Political System of Russia and India 3 Discrimination against Woman 4 Corruption 4 1.3 Socio-Cultural of Russia and India 5 Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension of Russia and India 5 Written and Unwritten Laws 6 Task 2 2.1 Culture Shock 7 2.2 Cross Cultural Training ...
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...and contribute a lot of benefits to the host community. They provide a lot of recreational opportunities for local residents as well as assist in forming the tourism’s destination. As such potential contributions, government now involves in many festivals and special events to support and promote events as part of their strategies for economic development, infrastructure, and destination marketing. There are many types of special events but can be classify in categories: mega event, hallmark event, major event, and minor event. The duration of these events ranges from a single day up to many months in the case of World Expos. Special event produces a wide range of economic and social benefits for communities and regions. This economic and social impact will be assessed in this essay which focused on Wagner’s Ring Cycle held in Adelaide – South Australia in 1998. The Wagner’s Ring Cycle has economic impact as well as social impact to the host community. These impacts, which can be positive and negative, will be discussed particularly through the staging event that made a successful Australia's first original Ring Cycle. First of all, the economic impact is assessed by the information of the expenditure of the attendees and participants (spend how much and on what). The information is also obtained on “switching” for attendees and non-attendees in how much they would spend if the event had not been held in that area. The Wagner’s Ring Cycle event is a three complete cycles performed...
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...Develop the argument that certain kinds of cultures, political and economic systems are, by their nature, resistant to economic development through international trade. In this modern age of globalization, where capital can cross the national borders so easily and the investment funds can be pulled from one country to another in order to respond to new business opportunities, economic development is attainable in the most of the countries. However, the economic development depends on the certain kinds of cultures, political and economic systems. In general for any country to reach an economic development there are few conditions to be met such as stable government, no corruption and friendly culture. In other words, economic development is “affected by those intangibles that are collectively known as culture” (Francis & Hezel). Max Weber in the early 20th century offered a different view on how cultural and even religious values impact the economic output. “He argued that the Protestant work ethic, supported by Reformation teachings that the pursuit of wealth was a duty, inculcated the virtues needed for maximum economic productivity. For this reason, Protestants were more productive than Catholics throughout Europe-just think of Germany and Great Britain, for instance, compared to Ireland, Spain, Portugal and Italy in his day.” (Francis & Hezel). The question is why some countries do very well, while others fail to develop, even when there are help to support their development...
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...and anthropologists were concerned with only the study of culture and its effect on society. I later learned, Anthropology is not only limited to culture but also encompasses identity, culture, gender, race, sexuality, politics, and economics. Anthropologists do not exist to only examine cultures and say what is right and wrong in society. Their mission is to break the normalcy of theories and beliefs and prove its credibility. I found the topics of culture with respects to poverty, the power of naming, representation, and economic inequality of great interest to me because I enjoyed seeing examples of how the cultural norms we experience every day is false and misleading. We learned that culture, in an anthropological view, is a people’s way of life. These shared beliefs; food, language, work, labor, tradition, religion, art, and etiquette become bounded together into a common culture that is constantly changing. Culture veils society and when this takes place, class lines, race, gender, and segmentation occur creating a dominant culture because not everyone participates in a culture. Through transculturation, dominant culture can change existing cultures resulting in resistance causing a mix into a new culture. I previously thought poverty was not a culture but through our lesson and readings on Inner city poverty, I learned that “street culture” is indeed a culture that was created by resistance to economic exploitation, cultural denigration, and gender power relations...
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...Japanese changing culture Rough draft to question 3 Japan has come a long way since the horrible memory of defeat ‘World War II’. The post war struggle generation clung to their fifth century culture and ideas of rebuilding Japan. In less than sixty years Japan rose again to one of the world’s powerful nations largely from providing electrical/electronic products to most of the globes countries. The type of culture that facilitated Japan to hold onto its people and acquired knowledge and become consistently stronger each year was that of Confucian beliefs. Confucian values are essentially derived from three ingredients which are high moral conduct and loyalty to others, reciprocal obligations to show appreciation of network involvement, and honesty in dealing with others. Confucians are not interested in the Supreme Being or after life like that of Hindu or Buddhism, Confucius’s are more concerned with what is happening now and how they interact with others in the course of their life. Loyalty to a superior in Confucian society was long considered a sacred duty, a lifelong obligation. This loyalty is not blind, like the subordinates loyalty to the superior similarly the superior is required to reciprocate the showing of loyalty to the subordinate in some way of relevance to the subordinate. If the superior fails to reciprocate the favors then the superior will most definitely suffer lost of moral standing in the community and networks which they might be involved with. ...
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...in software, internet and technology- enabled service companies, the California native invest a significant amount of his personal wealth towards philanthropic activities in India. The Indian and US dialogue is not the best. The two countries could really use a lot of help when it comes to them communicating with each other. They started a policy program three years ago, there was a sense of much greater promise particularly in the areas of economic development, putting aside geopolitics. But, now there is a feeling of frustration on both sides. On the American side, the feeling is that the Indian policies are too inconsistent in a variety of ways, such as one ministry doesn’t talk to another ministry and nobody steps in to end the confusion or the issues at hand. They are even inconsistency in a way that when the cabinets agree on something it doesn’t last long it gets overturned six months later or reinterpreted over time. That makes it very difficult for Americans to relate to having any type of dealings with India on an economic development. The second thing is that the quality of communication between the two countries is very poor. I think bureaucrats and politicians in both countries tend to talk past...
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...The power behind the recent surge in Asia’ economy may have developed from the s tenets of one of that continent’ earliest philosophers. s The Confucius Connection: From Cultural Roots To Economic Growth Geert Hofstede Michael Harris Bond J n 1968,the late Nobel-prize-winning mist Gunnar Myrdal published Asian Drama that described tions into the failure in South ment policies different Korea, econo- a book entitled his investigadevelopAsia. a very South however, countries Malaysia, some South and Southeast Asian besides Singapore, such as India, Thailand, and Indonesia drama), (the very also show signs of of economic scene of Myrdal’ s and Southeast drama: Kong, Japan, Twenty years later, we are experiencing kind of Asian Taiwan, Hong an economic takeoff. World Bank data on the average annual growth product rate of per capita gross national the East Asian (see Exhibit 1) confirm and Singapore are now outperforming the United States and Western Europe economically. Western markets are flooded with high-quality, hightechnology products “made in Asia”; the production of cameras, TV sets, and domestic appliances has all but ceased in many Western countries, the automobile business has suffered severely, and President Reagan has had to violate his free-trade principles to save the U.S. microchip industry. It is true that most of the competition is from East, rather than from South or Southeast Asia; lead. The Five Dragons, as these countries...
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...business overseas. Steve is a franchisor for Chicago Style Pizza and sees the opportunity of introducing the famous food in Czech Republic, a country his family came from. Because he is familiar with the language, customs and culture, Steve is confident that he will make his business successful in Czech Republic. Therefore, before starting his franchise overseas, Steve needs to conduct a cultural and economic study to determining the cost of business, the risks of investment, and the any trade barriers for his pizza business. “Culture is the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior. This knowledge forms values, creates attitudes, and influences behavior” (Hodgetts, Luthans, & Doh, 2005, p. 93-94). United States and Czech Republic are two countries situated on two different continents, and with significant cultural differences between their cultures. Czech Republic was part of Czechoslovakia, a former Easter communist country. Czech Republic gained its independence in 1989, after the Velvet Revolution, when the Eastern communist bloc ceded to exist The economic, political and cultural relationship between United States and Czech Republic are strong, furthermore, the United States encourages the economic transformation in Czech Republic(U.S. Department of State, 2010). Steve Kafka has an important advantage of knowing Czech language, and having family and friends living in Czech Republic. This situation can provide Steve with...
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...single society and impact countries and individuals in an uneven manner. There are various categories of globalization and they could be economic, cultural, technological and also social. However, this essay’s main focus is on identifying three social issues that arose because of globalization and discuss how they have affected the quality of life of the people in the Caribbean. These issues include; poverty, migration and culture and identity. To begin, (Ritzer, 2011) stated that, “globalization is the spread of worldwide practices, relations, consciousness, and organization of social life.” This implies that globalization is the driving force within society, which allow for the sharing of common goals and values for both social life, financial and political aspects as well. This helps move society from an obsolete to technological way of thinking. (UNDP, 1997) posits that “globalization encapsulates both a description and a prescription. The description is the widening and deepening of international flows of trade, finance and information in a single, integrated global market. The prescription is to liberalize national and global markets in the belief that free flows of trade, finance and information will produce the best outcome for growth and human welfare.” Thus, the abovementioned statement by UNDP indicates that to improve lives, economic and technological variables should intermingle at an international level. Therefore, it is important to note that globalization has both...
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...phenomenon in the world today, with growing numbers of tourists every year, mostly attributed to mass tourism. Mass tourism is defined as global tourism with many people staying overseas for more than one night, as compared to other forms of tourism such as ecotourism or business and medical tourism. The growth in tourism has been mainly attributed to the growing affluence of today’s society, lifestyle changes, as well as technological developments that allow for greater holidays at cheaper prices too. However, tourism has also brought along many negative impacts, in terms of the economic aspect, cultural and social aspect, and most importantly in the environmental aspect too. As such, ecotourism has been brought into the problem to be tried as a feasible alternative to mass tourism. Ecotourism aims at safeguarding both natural and built environments, being sustainable and enabling local people to share in the economic and social benefits. Firstly, ecotourism helps to protect the environment and sustain it. With tourism, environmental impacts such as the destruction of the natural environment and wildlife habitat, such as in coastal, marine and inland areas, has occurred along with various other consequences such as the loss of ecosystems and pollution. These consequences have stemmed from mass global tourism that involves many tourists going to a single attraction. For example, overcrowding in America’s Yellowstone National Park has resulted in the environment being unable to sustain...
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...BUS383 Managing Global Business Essay 1 Executive Summary: Using Lenovo as an international business, discuss the impact & role of culture in its business activities in different economies such as the United States & China in terms of political, economic, social & ethical factors. 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary:..............................................................................................................................2 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................4 Conducting Business Internationally..................................................................................................5 Impact & Role of Culture...................................................................................................................7 Difference between Western & Eastern cultures...............................................................................8 Lenovo in China / Eastern Culture....................................................................................................10 Lenovo in USA / Western Culture....................................................................................................12 Current Affairs.................................................................................................................................13 Conclusion:............................................
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...Lecture 1: Introducing Culture and Globalization Globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of the world (interconnectivity) Culture: shared ways of understanding and doing things (conceptual lense) and is socially constructed, hence changeable Culture Core question of course: does increasing globalization lead to the spread of new global cultures (more cultural sameness) or to more cultural differences? Globalization increases cultural similarities and differences the four main characteristics of globalization ~ Cochrane and Pain 1. stretched social relations, 2. intensification of flows, 3. increasing interpenetration of cultures, 4. an development of global infrastructure Globalization is driven by modern science, capitalism, and industrialism The four power players in globalization (‘nation states’, ‘military’, ‘division of labour’, and ‘capitalism’) ~Giddens Two main forms of culture contact: hybridization and differentiation Globalization involves reflexivity, i.e. ‘old certainties’ disappear Reflexivity is the idea that both individuals and society are defined not just by themselves, but also in relation to each other. Therefore they must both continually redefine themselves in reaction to others and to new information Lecture 2: Is There a Global Culture? • • • Power relations: having the ‘right’ to define what things are (Giddes, lecture 1) ‘Us – them’ distinctions The power relations of four groups in society: Majorities and elites are dominant...
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...We indeed live in an increasingly global world in which our everyday lives are shaped by decisions and events, some of which we have little or no control over. Culture, economics and politics appear to come together across the globe through different ways of information, ideas and knowledge, and the investment strategies of global corporations. Globalization can be defined as a process of international integration arising from interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture. Suarez-Orozco and Qin-Hillard (2004) claim that globalization defines our era, it is what happens when the movement of people, goods or ideas among countries and region accelerates and globalization tends to dispatch social practices and cultural formations from localised territories. There are so many other definitions of globalization and there a four key concepts according to David Held which interprets globalization, these concepts are; Stretched social relations, intensification of flows, increasing interpenetration and global infrastructure. i. Stretched social relations is the existence of cultural, economic and political networks of connection across the world, these are all stretched across nations of the world and this leads to regionalization which can be defined as the interconnectedness between ‘geographically contiguous states’ that border each other, for example Europe, (Held,2004,p.15). ii. Intensification of flows is a concept associated with stretched social...
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...living is connected in a much broader category than they think. Anthropologists study these categories broad, narrow, present, and past to try and find out what exactly a "way of life" was for individual cultures. By studying these cultures Anthropologists try and deduce different methods of survival. They have also discovered a few major social institutions that all cultures have a common bond together. These social institutions are the basis for which culture is founded. In order for a culture to become distinct from other cultures it has to apply different rules and change around these institutions. Anthropologists use these social institutional changes to understand the development of a culture and their way of being. They research these processes through fieldwork mostly. By using fieldwork as a means of research they can directly observe, interview, survey, and then analyze the situation. This gives them the advantage of seeing with their own eyes what happens within a culture. Fieldwork and the analysis of the fieldwork will be the basis on which this paper will investigate the social institution of subsistence and economics among a subgroup of our culture. One of the defining aspects of culture is subsistence. Through subsistence you can find out how a culture has survived or what they did wrong that caused them to become extinct. This is based on the fact that a group has to adapt to their environment for the basic elements needed to survive. These basic elements...
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