...Normality We’re 7 million people sharing the earth. But how many are considered “normal”? When are people considered abnormal? Can a little thing as being born with a finger less, make you the black sheep in the classroom? Is it even possible to be normal? Today we’re 7 million people on the earth. Some have different skin colours, some are shorter and weaker than others and some a simply smarter. But none of these things matters in the real life. For example let’s say you’re very weak and not as high as the other boys in the classroom, but you are very smart. In the future, you would have a brilliant job. And some girls actually prefer smart boys over a strong and stupid one. But then again, some people say if you’re born with a noticeable disability, you would be considered abnormal. But I can prove that wrong. Let’s say that you’re on an institution for people who have a mental disability. You would be considered normal amongst those people. But if you’re in a regular class room they would consider you the abnormal one. And to prove it, let’s say that you’re a regular boy. You went over to visit a friend on the institution for people who have a mental disability. At the institution you would be the considered abnormal. Can any people actually be considered abnormal? Well that depends on how wide you think of the word “normal”. The truth is, we all live on the same earth, and even tho some have different skin colour, we all originate from the same race. Therefore you...
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...philosophers such as Alvin Plantinga and Descartes, defines God as “a being that which nothing greater can be conceived”. In my opinion the argument does not only fail to go beyond this definition, but we cannot be sure than it defines God correctly either. Firstly we cannot argue that the argument goes beyond the definition of God because as Kant points out the argument has a major flaw, the ontological argument is based on an assumption that to exist is a property of perfection. He uses the analogy of money saying that 100___ that existed in reality were no different in value to 100___ that existed hypothetically as both, in theory were worth the same and therefore equal. Bertrand Russell makes a similar point, he claims that the ontological argument uses the word ‘exists’ incorrectly and that existence is not a property of things, but of the idea of those things. Russell uses the example of dragons, saying that if someone says a dragon does not exist what they mean is of all the things that exist the word dragon refers to none of them, however this fact is not part of the definition itself and changes nothing about the description of the features of a dragon, therefore existence is an extension of an intention and not a definition. Alvin Plantinga attempts to redeem the ontological argument with his possible world’s theory, planting argues that if it is coherent to believe that in a possible world a maximally great being could exist then in order for him to have maximal greatness he...
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...earlier stage should be aborted. It results that the existence of one person should counted as overpopulation, and it is good for human to extinct. In the introduction, Benatar first claims that his argument can be applied to all sentient beings, but his focus will be on humans. In the part subtitled “Who is so lucky”, Freud's claim that there is no good or best for the non-existent people elicits the 'non-identity' problem, which will later be solved. By speaking about the 'never-existent' which refers to nothing, Benatar is using this expression as a convenient term to mean those possible but non-actual beings. In Chapter 2, Benatar firstly claims that the expression 'a life worth living' should be specified as either 'a life worth starting' or 'a life worth continuing'. Then he tries to explain why coming into existence is always a harm by the asymmetry of pleasure and pain: (1) the presence of pain is bad, (2) the presence of pleasure is good, (3) the absence of pain is good, (4) the absence of pleasure is not bad unless it implies a deprivation. The first two points are evident, but (3) and (4) are controversial. The 'non-identity' problem can be raised against (3), since (3) can be interpreted as the absence of pain is good for the nonexistent being. Benatar replies that (3) claims that “this absence is good when judged in terms of the interests of the person who would otherwise have existed” (2006: 31). However, this reply is still problematic since it implies a...
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...TRANSCENDENTAL PROPERTIES OF BEING By: MBAKWE NICHOLAS CHUKWUNWEIKE Introduction Metaphysics is not just a science in Aristotle’s conception of it, but one that distinguishes itself from all the particular sciences by firstly raising the question of the first and most universal causes and secondly by taking as its subject of consideration ‘being’ simply as ‘being’ in its most universal and in its most concrete sense as present in experience. Implicitly, being must be taken as analogous from the very beginning of the investigation, not in the sense that it would diffuse the unity of this science into a mere difference of differences, but in the sense that it would raise this science to a higher kind of unity according to an order of different degrees of being as they relate to a primary analogate as the one to which all relate more or less distantly. To delve more deeply into this analogous subject of consideration one must further distinguish transcendental properties that follow being in its analogous and transcendental sense. In the end, when the question of a first, universal cause of being as being, or of a summit of being that would be totally transcendent, is finally raised, all of this a priori conception of being as analogous according to different degrees with its corresponding degrees of oneness, activity, truth and goodness must be brought into play in relation to things as they come under sense experience as moved, caused, contingent and exhibiting different degrees...
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...God—proofs that were dependent on reason and observation, not the revealed word of God. 1. Aquinas recognized that for motion to take place, there had to be something that interacts with it to cause it to move. This, in turn must be an infinite being outside of creation and hence is God. 2. Every effect must have a cause, if you eliminate the cause you eliminate the effect. It only posits that a God exists who is the cause of all things and who is the effect of nothing. 3. Aquinas argued that from observation, the things around him had the possibility of being (or existing) or not being. Yet, if that first being exists, he must necessarily not have the possibility of not being. In other words, as non-existence cannot bring about existence, the first being necessarily has to have always existed. And this entity that necessarily exists and cannot not-exist, is God. 4. Note that this is not the suggestion that we get the idea of goodness or hotness from God, but simply that there must always be something that is more good or more hot than that which we are viewing and since there is a gradation, there must always be a top to the gradation that can never be surpassed. Such a top or asymptote, by definition, requires an infinite being, hence it must be God. 5. Fifthly, Aquinas points out that there are entities in creation that have no consciousness at all, yet still act in a regular fashion and in such a way that it is beneficial to their continued existence. Trees, for example...
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...horses did not exist, there would be no such thing as the form horse. Is this correct? * I believe Aristotle was incorrect by saying there could be no form of a horse if there were no actual physical particular horse with which to base the form on. I justify this based on my understanding of the notion of a form, namely – the form of the object is purely human convention that assigns words to concepts and then judges wheter particular objects conform to our definition. We could conceive if something that we would call a horse even if there was never an object that we could find which conformed to our conception. 4. Can there be essence without existence? * Everything has two principles that explain its being, essence and existence. In all beings except for God, these principles are both required in order for the actually existing individual thing to be. Each is distinct from the other, yet this distinction is a real, not merely logical. 5. What are the two kinds of substance * For Aristotle two kinds of substance is from and essence. The kind of essence or form that Aristotle counts as primary substance is one that is not in any way universal; a form that is as individual as the compound whose form it is. The “individual forms” solution is not to be found in Aristotle, and is unavailable to him. On their view, the primary substance of the Metaphysics is species form - something that is common to different members of the same species, but is still, in some...
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...expected and required. * These policies should include conflict of interest and code of ethics section. * Procedures should be updated every year * It is important that employees are taught and trained in the policies so that they learned of their existence and they get a sense of what is expected of them. * It is also important to exercise segregation of duties in the workplace. This means require different parties to perform key parts of the transaction. Specifically, separate the authorization, custody, record keeping and reconciliation duties. In the case, not only is Jessica in charge of the custody and record keeping duty, but there also seems that there isn’t any supervising bank reconciliation activity being performed. There are different controls that this entity could have used to avoid segregation of duties problems experienced that led to the burglary of funds by Jessica. Some of these are: * Implement a bank lockbox system that receives the entity payments. These system would have avoided Jessica or any employee to have to deal with cash by just getting bank notifications of the daily deposits for recording. * If a lockbox system is unavailable/undesirable, two entity’s employees should receive payments, list the payments and generate deposits. * This control could be circumvented by collusion of employees. * Additionally, periodic reconciliations of cash receipts for entities books should be performed...
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...having a hidden meaning, and as I have quickly learned, philosophy is a very mystifying subject and is open to a wide variety of interpretation. Due to this obscurity, each person will have a different view on philosophy and will likely have changing opinions and views as they continue on their path. Heidegger describes this path as one of responding to life. More specifically, “responding to the voice of Logos which he defines as the Being of all beings, One, One which is all, Life.” As previously stated, this is a very cryptic definition that takes much deeper thought than simply reading off the page. Despite being cryptic, this vague definition gives a strong guideline to the basic idea of philosophy while still giving the reader an opportunity to interpret the definition in their own way. This definition shines light on both the basic idea of philosophy while also showing that everyone will interpret philosophy in their own way. By saying that philosophy is the One which is all, it shows that each individual person makes up a greater being which is Life. Each individual person provides their own interpretation based on their own lifestyle and past. Therefore, philosophy is the sum of all lives that can only be defined with the sum of everybody’s views and opinions. With this is mind, philosophy will be ever changing as people grow older and more people are brought into the world. What is most important about this definition is that it is timeless. This definition can...
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...Transcendental Attributes of Being A research paper submitted to [Professor Name] In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For The course [Course Name] [Seminary Name] By [Student Name] Place Date Introduction While Plato had also covered the notions surrounding the properties of being, Aristotle was the first to bring the term transcendental to the context of the attributes of being. Plato offered valuable insight regarding the four transcendental attributes of being. [1] Aristotle shaped the transcendentals in a specific manner and refined his own perspective. Later philosophers also expanded the discussion surrounding the transcendental attributes of being. These transcendentals become significant in the context of theology because they possess a link with Christian theology and unfold in the form of what man desires. For explicating the four transcendental attributes of being, it becomes significant to first explore the definition of an attribute. An attribute falls under the category of that aspect which does not exist in the form of the embodiment but originates from the same. As regards ‘being’, it can only give rise to what is also being and thus, a ‘being’ cannot spawn attributes or properties while discussing these terminologies in a firm manner. Nevertheless, while approaching the subject in a broader manner, an attribute can be defined for a specific perspective on being as long as it applies to each instance of being and overall entities that fall...
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...religious thinking. It is important to point out that Heidegger’s philosophy is extremely complex and he never completed his second half of his endeavour, hence a brief explication will not do his thinking justice but a complete explanation is outside the scope of this essay. Therefore, in this essay I will primarily focus on Heidegger’s five key concepts; i) the transience of reality, ii) human existence, iii) Being-in-the world, iv) objects and things and v) metaphysics and Being. The transience of reality This ‘transience of reality’ according to Heidegger reflects the idea that everything is “temporary and changeable” (RST3708 Study Guide 2008:59). Whereas modern subjectivism refers to the “attitude in terms of which the whole of reality is traced back to the subject” (RST3708 Study Guide 2008:58), Heidegger contends that reality exists before the subject can be identified, as written in the Study Guide (RST3708 Study Guide 2008:58), “reality as a mystery has already happened”. Heidegger claims that only once a comprehensive examination is made into Being, will there be space for a new revelation, a “postsubjectivist experience – of reality”...
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...Singles Young singles have fewer commitments and hence have more leisure time. With that, they tend to travel often, either with their friends or alone. They also have more financial issues and are still high spend. Scoot offers affordable prices and aims for the value seeking. Therefore, with Scoot’s fun brand imaging and cheaper airfares, the young singles would be attracted to fly Scoot. • Young Couples with No Children Scoot’s next target market involves young couples with no children. These group of people have high level of disposable income and enjoys travelling and going out. As they travel more often, they will tend to seek for cheaper long haul airfares. Hence, with Scoot fun brand personality and airfares 40% lower than the normal airfares, this group of people would be enticed to fly with Scoot. • Young/ Middle-Aged Couples with Children This group of people is constantly finding time and effort to bring their children out on a vacation. As such, both parents have to constantly shuffle their work schedule to accommodate to their child’s holiday. However, airfares during the school holidays are always costly and budget airfares do not come with the frills they desire. They want to give their child the best; hence they expect...
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...Date of Counseling: 17 October 2011 Subject: Initial counseling For: SGT Pereyra, Francisco J. 6. You are overall responsible for the accountability of your soldiers. I believe that soldiers should work smart and hard during the normal duty day so that we can maximize time off and maintain normal work hours. However, mission will at times dictate weekends or late nights upon approval from the Battalion Commander. We can avoid self-inflicted problems by keeping track of appointments, breaks, and other situations that interfere with the mission. Remember soldiers take the initiative when the example is set. All appointments will be brought to my attention at least 2 days prior, emergencies are understood but they should be the exception rather than the rule. If you believe a soldier should receive time off, bring it to my attention. Keep me informed! Open communication is the key to success. 7. Maintenance of your equipment is essential to success of the mission. You will ensure that your vehicles are properly maintained and service (if any). Your soldiers will be licensed on all platoon equipment. You will strictly enforce SAFETY at all times by word of mouth and example. 8. As Noncommissioned Officers we have the authority to discipline our soldiers. Discipline takes many forms including: on the spot corrections, verbal counseling, formal counseling, corrective training and the commander/1SG can support us with other useful methods including revocation...
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...BUS 370 PROJECT SCHEDULING 1. Cases for BUS 370 are take-home, open-book, open-notes, open-library, etc. You may consult any written materials other than another (past or present) team's case or work papers. Please do not discuss any aspect of the case with anyone except your partners, my staff, or me. To collaborate or seek other assistance is a breach of academic integrity and is viewed as a serious offense by the University. 2. Please submit one solution package per team with its answers neatly worked out in detail. To earn partial credit, you must show all work (including Excel input). 3. For each question requiring a new run of the Excel add-in, please submit the following: a. A printout of the input data. b. A printout of all reports that support your answers. Please label each add-in run with the corresponding question number(s) and insert comments on them to indicate the sources of your answers. There is no need to submit printouts that are not supportive of your final answers (e.g., runs that bombed, runs with incorrect input, etc.). 4. Please be neat. Sloppiness, disorganization, spelling, etc. may, in the aggregate, result in a point reduction of up to the equivalent of one letter grade. 5. Please submit your solution package for this case at the beginning of class on the scheduled date. In fairness to the teams that submit their solution package on time, unexcused lateness will result in a loss of one letter grade per late-day or fraction thereof. 6. Some very important...
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...Hassan Kraidi Case #2 1. Planning is a key component to the P-O-L-C framework. What type of planning do you think the founders of Flat World Knowledge engaged in? Planning involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving those objectives. Flat World Knowledge founders must have set a mission and a vision statement for their company explaining the main ideas and key points that the company should follow. Their main purpose was to make textbooks affordable and available for online access to all students and save them paying lots of money for hard copy books. After many professors and college teachers adopted this way of textbook access, it shows how successful their planning is and work on it to make it more convenient. 2. What competitive advantages does Flat World Knowledge possess? Flat World Knowledge possesses many competitive advantages. One of them is the ability to offer a huge variety of textbooks in an online version with unlimited access to all of the students. Doing so will exclude the factor of lack of supply of the textbook at the book store and eliminate waiting time to have the book. In addition, the fact that they are providing these textbooks at a reduced cost from the actual manufacture cost gave FWK a huge advantage against their competitors in the textbook market. 3. What are Flat World Knowledge’s key strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats? Talking about FWK strengths is represented by its easy access...
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...In my Sociology Life Course class I found many things that were discussed throughout the semester very interesting. A discussion we had close to the beginning of the semester about Children of the Land. In particular I found it interesting that Dr. Glenn Elders research tied the youth to the land academically and socially. As I stated in class that I was raised on a ranch in a small town myself so I could relate this lecture to my childhood growing up. My family was very close in fact the majority of my cousins; aunts and uncles all lived in the same small town. My family and myself were all largely involved with the church, festivals, small town get togethers and school. Another lecture I found interesting was he focus on sex, gender and sexuality. As discussed in class about the differences in gender and the view that Men are much more expressive about his bodily functions, sex life and the language he chooses to use to describe “things” was discussed as much more different than that of girls. I completely disagree with that view that the majority of the class had. I think when a group of girls are brought together yes they are viewed as a “lady” by men but what goes on behind closed doors with girls and their girlfriends, men seem to be oblivious to. Lastly a lecture that I was very interested in is when we discussed the model of couple problem solving. I found this interesting because I have a past relationship that went down quickly and I compared my past relationship to...
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