...Measuring Economic Health Memo Eco/212 Febrero 14, 2012 University of Phoenix Measuring Economic Health Memo Una de la mejor manera de entender la economía y un ciclo de negocios es ver el producto interno bruto (GDP). Esta es la estadística más utilizada para medir, evaluar y predecir la economía y los ciclos económicos. Hay tres principales cuotas del cálculo de GDP y es importante tener esto en cuenta y no mezclar los tres. El GDP se define como el valor de todos los bienes y servicios finales producidos en un país durante un año. El GDP real es el valor evaluado en un ano a base y corrige los efectos de la inflación. GDP nominal es mucho mayor que el GDP real a causa de esto, lo que a comparación ano a ano puede ser lo más preciso probable de la oficina de análisis económico (BEA) informa del GDP real en una base trimestral y revisa el próximo trimestre hasta alcanzar las mejores que dispongan los datos. La BEA hace tres distinciones importantes cuando se calcula el GDP. En primer lugar, las importaciones y los ingresos de las empresas y las personas fuera de los estados unidos no están incluidos de manera que los impactos de los tipos de cambios no empana la figura. Segundo, el resultado de la inflación se elimina. Solo los productos finales no se cuentan a los componentes que conforman el producto (AMADEO). La oficina de manejo y presupuesto (OMB) pronostico del GDP y en la actualidad predice que el crecimiento de 2011 a un 4% y entre 2011 y 2015 para tener un...
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...Health Policy and Economics Health Policy and Economics Professor: Eric Oestmann Tools: Gradebook Email Live Doc Sharing Dropbox Journal Webliography Tech Support Help Week 2: Understanding Health Economics - Case Study C S Week 2 Case Study: Solving the Medicare Crisis You are chief of staff to your brother-in-law, Representative Howard Hughes, who was recently elected to fill out a term in Congress. He has been asked to participate in a panel discussion on the Medicare funding crisis. You have been asked to prepare paper for him. The panel is asked to respond to a proposal for reducing Medicare expenditures by enrolling participants in HMOs. What does the Congressperson say? The following key questions must be addressed in the paper: Is Medicare in a state of crisis? Are radical measures necessary to preserve the program? How is Medicare funded now? Why do elderly people feel that Medicare is an insurance program and not a welfare program? Is this perception accurate? Should there be a Medicare program at all? Why should the government be involved in providing insurance to elderly preople? Does Medicare have detrimental effects on the market for healthcare or on the market for health insurance? Are these economic effects, offset by the positive effects of the Medicare program for the elderly? What about the positive effects of caring for the elderly for society? Are there any externalities here? Justify your position on either economic efficiency or equity grounds...
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...Date: | April 25th, 2012 | Subject: | Health Care Spending Growth and Reform | SUMMARY The following memo seeks to highlight the past and current problems facing federal health care expenditures within the U.S. It tries to answer the question if health care spending is now on more sustainable path along with giving projections for its current outlook. More specifically it addresses “supply-side” reforms, “demand-side” reforms and “voucher” reforms within the Medicare program, analyzing the benefits and downsides of each and what underlying problems these approaches contain. The memo summarises with recommendations as to which reform should be put in practice to achieve the desired results within the health care market. PROBLEM ANALYSIS 1. Health care expenditures are on an unsustainable path Reasons: * Aging of the population * Increase in health care costs due to excessive coverage * New medical technologies Under current law, spending for mandatory health care programs would increase from 5.6% of GDP today to about 9% of GDP in 2035. Total health care spending grew by 3.9% in 2010 and reached $2.6 trillion, or $8,402 per person. This is mainly caused by an aging of the population, an increase in retirement of the “baby boomer” generation, a rise in health care costs and a rapid innovation of medical technologies. All these factors lead to an increase in the federal budget deficit. Although recently health expenditure growth has slowed, the decline...
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...Dental Coverage HPAM-GP 4831-001 Health Economics New York University Spring 2014 ------------------------------------------------- Submitted by: Brian Harvey Date: Tuesday, April 8th, 2014 Memorandum To: Professor of Health Economics From: Brian Harvey Date: April 8th, 2014 ------------------------------------------------- Re: Dental Coverage for an Essential Health Benefits Requirement ------------------------------------------------- The purpose of this memo is to recommend whether and what type of dental coverage should be included in an essential health benefits requirement for adults. A) Provision of Dental Coverage Given the many complexities and potential pitfalls with providing health insurance, the decision of whether to include dental coverage in an essential health benefits requirement is a difficult one. To do so, we need to a) evaluate the need for dental health insurance for adults in an essential health benefits requirement, b) review this need in light of stated policy objectives, and c) explore the potential pitfalls in health insurance implementation. As Glied and Remler illustrate, a key problem in health care is “illness and accidents are unpredictable but costly events, and therefore health insurance is desirable”. However, these particular problems may not be as prevalent in dental care, and may not constitute the same type of policy problem. While dental care is an important aspect of health, the need for dental care (usually...
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...Health Care Service Corporation Market Department To: Denise A Bujak, Vice President From: Market Research Assistant Subject: Summary Report-Information about Health Care Date: 28 June, 2011 The purpose of this memo is to summarize three popular writer’s views regarding the U.S. health-care system. Chris Farrell, Steve Forbes, and Greg Nelson analyze the current market trends and offer us their methods to improve the economy of the health insurance industry. Summary In general, there are some flaws in the U.S. health-care. All three writers point out different ways to fix it. In their passages, the main point of distinction involves government intervention in the market. Farrell prefers the universal coverage on health-care, claiming that government intervention will promote the economy in the short-term. In contrast, Forbes hopes through macro-control to adjust the current insurance market. Nelson supports government intervention as a means to cut administration cost and help the health-care system run well. Discussion In their discussions, they hope health-care reform can speed up U.S. economic recovery and help most people are insured. For our company, I think we need to know more information about the U.S. health-care reform which is good for us to make a right direction in a long term. Now, we are starting to share their opinions. Chris Farrell adopts the health care reform, because he...
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...Memo To: Congressman Howard Hughes From: Alisha Clarke, Chief of Staff Date: 9/9/2012 Re: Medicare Funding Crisis Congressman Hughes, Below, please find the prepared document for the panel discussion. Introduction As you all may know, Medicare is currently the object of scrutiny in regards to its funding and how it is effecting the current healthcare situation. There are many perspectives in which to look at this program to decide whether or not it is actually a positive attempt at resolving current healthcare issues. First and foremost, I believe that our society is misinformed about the current status of the Medicare program. So I will take time out to address key questions in regards to the program. Is Medicare in a state of crisis? Are radical measures necessary to preserve the program? Medicare is so definitely in a state of crisis as we speak. “particularly for Medicare, which is so far underwater it would take several United States’ to pay off just what is owed right now to those who have already paid into the system (and who are therefore owed benefits at some point).” (Emanuel, 2012) It seems that the detrimental effects of the Medicare system will indeed have the most impact on the current senior citizen population, baby boomers, and the military. The reason for this is because the accessibility to physicians seems to be decreasing which could definitely hurt these populations. Physicians who currently participate in the Medicare program are enduring...
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...Improving Quality and Value in the U.S. Health Care System By: Niall Brennan, Nicole Cafarella, S. Lawrence Kocot, Aaron McKethan, Marisa Morrison, Nadia Nguyen, Mark Shepard and Reginald D. Williams II Share on email Share on twitter Share on facebook Share on linkedin More... Share on google_plusone_share Share on stumbleupon Share on reddit Share on print Executive Summary The U.S. health care system faces significant challenges that clearly indicate the urgent need for reform. Attention has rightly focused on the approximately 46 million Americans who are uninsured, and on the many insured Americans who face rapid increases in premiums and out-of-pocket costs. As Congress and the Obama administration consider ways to invest new funds to reduce the number of Americans without insurance coverage, we must simultaneously address shortfalls in the quality and efficiency of care that lead to higher costs and to poor health outcomes. To do otherwise casts doubt on the feasibility and sustainability of coverage expansions and also ensures that our current health care system will continue to have large gaps — even for those with access to insurance coverage. There is broad evidence that Americans often do not get the care they need even though the United States spends more money per person on health care than any other nation in the world. Preventive care is underutilized, resulting in higher spending on complex, advanced diseases. Patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension...
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...achieved a lot in terms of health improvement. But still India is way behind many fast developing countries such as China, Vietnam and Sri Lanka in health indicators (Satia et al 1999). In case of government funded health care system, the quality and access of services has always remained major concern. A very rapidly growing private health market has developed in India. This private sector bridges most of the gaps between what government offers and what people need. However, with proliferation of various health care technologies and general price rise, the cost of care has also become very expensive and unaffordable to large segment of population. The government and people have started exploring various health financing options to manage problems arising out of growing set of complexities of private sector growth, increasing cost of care and changing epidemiological pattern of diseases. The new economic policy and liberalization process followed by the Government of India since 1991 paved the way for privatization of insurance sector in the country. Health insurance, which remained highly underdeveloped and a less significant segment of the product portfolios of the nationalized insurance companies in India, is now poised for a fundamental change in its approach and management. The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Bill, recently passed in the Indian Parliament, is important beginning of changes having significant implications for the health sector. The privatization...
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...13.387 Authenticate Pdf 2014 Minnesota Statutes Resources * ------------------------------------------------- Search Minnesota Statutes * ------------------------------------------------- About Minnesota Statutes * ------------------------------------------------- 2014 Statutes New, Amended or Repealed * ------------------------------------------------- 2014 Statutes Topics (Index) ------------------------------------------------- Chapter 13 * ------------------------------------------------- Table of Sections * ------------------------------------------------- Full Chapter Text ------------------------------------------------- Section 13.386 * ------------------------------------------------- Version List ------------------------------------------------- Recent History * ------------------------------------------------- 2006 13.386 New 2006 c 253 s 1 * ------------------------------------------------- 2013 Subd. 3 Amended 2013 c 82 s 3 * ------------------------------------------------- 2012 Subd. 4 New 2012 c 292 art 4 s 1 13.386 TREATMENT OF GENETIC INFORMATION HELD BY GOVERNMENT ENTITIES AND OTHER PERSONS. § Subdivision 1.Definition. (a) "Genetic information" means information about an identifiable individual derived from the presence, absence, alteration, or mutation of a gene, or the presence or absence of a specific DNA or RNA marker, which has been obtained from an analysis of: (1) the individual's...
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...Crossroads: The Development of Health Insurance in Canada and the United States, 1940-1965 Author(s): Antonia Maioni Source: Comparative Politics, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Jul., 1997), pp. 411-431 Published by: Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/422012 . Accessed: 12/10/2013 14:05 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Comparative Politics. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.63.180.147 on Sat, 12 Oct 2013 14:05:01 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Parting at the Crossroads The Development of Health Insurance in Canada and the United States, 1940-1965 AntoniaMaioni Frequentlyraised in recent discussions abouthealth care reformin the United States has been the model of the Canadianhealth insurancesystem.' While debates about health insurance often turn into polemical...
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...Carlson School of Management at the University of Minnesota. We also appreciate the editorial assistance of Julie Trupke and useful comments of Gyewan Moon and Margaret Schomaker. We gratefully acknowledge Stuart Bunderson, Shawn Lofstrom, Russel Rogers, Frank Schultz, and Jeffery Thompson who assisted in collecting data during this eightyear longitudinal study of MMG’s integration journey. The case was prepared to promote class discussion and learning. It was not designed to illustrate either effective or ineffective management. Used with permission from Rhonda Engleman. both05.indd 511 11/11/08 11:37:27 AM 512 C A S E 5 : M I D W E S T E R N M E D I C A L G R O U P ’ S I N T E G R AT I O N J O U R N E Y journey within the Midwestern Health System (Midwestern), the MMG management team experienced many encouraging moments, achievements, and successes as well as many struggles, disappointments, and conflicts. She was scheduled to meet with the board chair the next day to talk about the major issues her successor would need to address as president of MMG. Knowing this might be her last contribution to MMG before she retired, Olsen wanted to provide the board chair with helpful advice to pass on to her successor. Olsen pondered the historical events in MMG’s integration journey as she thought about what to say in that meeting. (See Exhibit 5/1...
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...through professional collaboration and framework with peers and in partnership with patients and the community”. The nursing philosophy of the organization is evident in daily practice. “Nurses are involved in the art of nursing and are totally committed to producing the best care possible with the highest quality outcomes while showing and maintaining compassionate, evidenced based care, communication, and collaborative care which are all important”. Patient centered care by management and staff is always at the core. Best practices are followed to maintain high levels of patient satisfaction. Success is seen as most patients are frequent flyers and are known well to the physician’s who care for them as they continually return to have their health needs...
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...FOR A NATIONAL POLICY ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD AND POPULATION DEVELOPMENT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled: SECTION 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known as the “Reproductive Health and Population Development Act of 2008“. SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. – The State upholds and promotes responsible parenthood, informed choice, birth spacing and respect for life in conformity with internationally recognized human rights standards. The State shall uphold the right of the people, particularly women and their organizations, to effective and reasonable participation in the formulation and implementation of the declared policy. This policy is anchored on the rationale that sustainable human development is better assured with a manageable population of healthy, educated and productive citizens. The State likewise guarantees universal access to medically-safe, legal, affordable and quality reproductive health care services, methods, devices, supplies and relevant information thereon even as it prioritizes the needs of women and children,among other underprivileged sectors. SEC. 3. Guiding Principles. – This Act declares the following as basic guiding principles: a. In the promotion of reproductive health, there should be no bias for either modern or natural methods of family planning; b. Reproductive health goes beyond a demographic target because...
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...2012 Currently in America, there are very few Americans who have health insurance, and the number is becoming fewer and fewer every day. Statistic shows that there are more than 46 million Americans with no health insurance. This has become a major crisis due to the fact that employers have stopped insuring their employees because the cost is so high. The total cost in United States was more than 2.4 trillion dollars in 2007. Our President and congress agree that they system needs to be changed, however there is no solid agreement on what how it should be changed. The health care reform is a continuous debate, but there are has yet to be a solution found. Over recent years there have been major discussions about the health care reform. One of the major problems is that Health care is becoming more and more expensive, and no one seems to know why it continues to become more expensive. However, with such costly premiums fewer and fewer Americans are becoming not insured. Due to this, the United States is facing unprecedented crisis in access to health care. Since the beginning of the recession there have been growing numbers of Americans who can no longer depend on health care coverage from their employers. Because of the recession this number has continued to accelerate. There is an increasing demand for health care services, but there are not enough physicians or specialist to meet this type of demand. Health care cost is the most threatening thing to the United States. However...
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...The Health Care Crisis and What to Do About It Ashford University MHA620, Health Policy Analyses March 13, 2013 The cost of receiving treatment- cost effectiveness Hard-core diseases have proved to be hell for most people because of the high costs of treatment. In a country like the U.S. that is a world leader in advanced medical care, a significant proportion of its total gross domestic product (GDP) is used to fund health care. A lot of money is used in treating some of these diseases and there is no guarantee that the disease will be totally suppressed. The private sector spends more on health care and the government provides funds in enhancing the health sector. The aspect of spending more in health than in food triggers massive debate. The U.S. sees exorbitant spending on health care is an indicator of growth. Why not invest more in the food industry and spend more on the most nutritious diets? With this, you not only prevent many diseases but also improve the life span of many people. Most of the Americans are middle-class and always find it hard to access the health facilities due to the high costs. This is illogical because the government can pump a lot of cash in agriculture by purchasing the best farming equipment and putting aside funds for intensive research on the various types of nutritional foods. What we are seeing is a case of misplaced priorities where the government is trying to spend more on non-essentials in the name of providing...
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