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Measuring Economic Health Memo

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Measuring Economic Health Memo
Eco/212
Febrero 14, 2012
University of Phoenix

Measuring Economic Health Memo

Una de la mejor manera de entender la economía y un ciclo de negocios es ver el producto interno bruto (GDP). Esta es la estadística más utilizada para medir, evaluar y predecir la economía y los ciclos económicos. Hay tres principales cuotas del cálculo de GDP y es importante tener esto en cuenta y no mezclar los tres. El GDP se define como el valor de todos los bienes y servicios finales producidos en un país durante un año. El GDP real es el valor evaluado en un ano a base y corrige los efectos de la inflación. GDP nominal es mucho mayor que el GDP real a causa de esto, lo que a comparación ano a ano puede ser lo más preciso probable de la oficina de análisis económico (BEA) informa del GDP real en una base trimestral y revisa el próximo trimestre hasta alcanzar las mejores que dispongan los datos. La BEA hace tres distinciones importantes cuando se calcula el GDP. En primer lugar, las importaciones y los ingresos de las empresas y las personas fuera de los estados unidos no están incluidos de manera que los impactos de los tipos de cambios no empana la figura. Segundo, el resultado de la inflación se elimina. Solo los productos finales no se cuentan a los componentes que conforman el producto (AMADEO). La oficina de manejo y presupuesto (OMB) pronostico del GDP y en la actualidad predice que el crecimiento de 2011 a un 4% y entre 2011 y 2015 para tener un crecimiento medio del 2,5% al año. La mayoría de los países del mundo tienen un banco central de gobierno que hace la gestión de finanzas. En los estados unidos este es la reserva federal del sistema de gobierno (FED). La reserva federal es un banco de los banqueros que contiene las cuentas de depósitos y opera un sistema que permite a los bancos públicos de crédito y debito entre sí sobre la base de actividad de sus clientes. Cuando sea necesario que la FED también puede hacer préstamos a los bancos públicos para ayudar a evitar el fracaso o el colapso del sistema. La política monetaria son las acciones tomadas por la FED para manejar la oferta monetaria y las tasas de interés. Estas acciones tienen el propósito de tener un equilibrio en el empleo, la estabilidad de procedimientos y el crecimiento económico. La política fiscal son medidas adoptadas por el presidente y el congreso para ayudar a lograr las mismas metas y objetivos. Sin embargo, las herramientas de los funcionarios electos son diferentes e incluyen cambios en las tasas de impuestos federales y el gasto publico. Cuando el cuerpo electo reduce los impuestos, el resultado es más efectivo en manos de particulares y empresas. Esto usualmente resulta en la creación de empleo y una mayor demanda de bienes y servicios. Cuando el gobierno federal va en una juerga de gastos los mismos resultados que se prevé, el aumento de empleo y consumo de bienes y servicios.

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