...Euro: Bulgaria , Czech Republic, Denmark, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Sweden, UK • at first: convergence of long-term interest rates because of common monetary policies, common currency, perceived fiscal straightjacket (growth and stability pact) >> market pushed long term rates down >> created bubbles (exp. real estate) 2008: after Lehman collapse: gap between Greece and Germany started to increase (100 points) >> divergence seemd natural 2009: • risky assets all over the world >> spread widened (300 points) >> went back to 100 points same year • ECB calmed the markets (policy rate down to 0, expanded open market operations) 2009 Greece revealed 2 different sets of notifications tables to the eurostat: goverment deficit rose from 2005-2008 from 5% GDP to 7.7% GDP, they also revised their planned deficit ration in 2009 from 3.7% GDP to 12.5% GDP, because of economic crisis, budgetary slippages and accounting decisions..)>> lack of quality...
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...WHY BITCOIN IS THREAT FOR CENTRAL BANK ! Being able to avoid bank fees by transacting outside of the banking system was the most attractive thing for its users. Being able to avoid bank fees by transacting outside of the banking system was the most attractive thing for its users but not for banks ! After beeing lunched in 2009 , Bitcoin, this year, has achieved his highest value. The currency is not controlled by a central bank or government. Bitcoin is used to make peer-to-peer payments and there are around 11 million bitcoins in circulation. People form all around the world started to invest and use bitcoins after loosing coinfidence in complete banking sistem. The price of Bitcoin incresed from just few dollars in 2009 to almost 900 US dollars today, and it’s still raising. But bitcoin price didn’t just rise. It had breakdown in where bitcoin creshed for more than houndred dollars in one day, but soon it rised again and reached soon todays price. Being able to avoid bank fees by transacting outside of the banking system was the most attractive thing for its users. Being able to avoid bank fees by transacting outside of the banking system was the most attractive thing for its users that interest in Bitcoin is heating up, Blockchain, the main transaction ledger for the digital currency, says it has created its millionth bitcoin "wallet" . Just three months ago the number of wallets stood at 500,000. While this is not an exact measure of the number of users...
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...The State of Today's Market Kerry S. Atkinson ECO/ 26 June 2012 Daniel Puente The State of Today's Market There are four key factors that should be discussed though there are many to consider when evaluating the state of an economy. The points for discussion will be unemployment, interest rates, expectations, and consumer income. This portion of analysis hits home for most Americans to where they understand the most. For most of the working class of Americans these four topics also dictate to their well being a bit more that of the elite class of society that though these topics may affect their lives and their investments or the corporations they own or take part in but in the lower and middle class these items affect whether or not employment opportunities exist. How goods are purchased or if they are purchased and at what price the goods are attained. These four key components also lend to the scarcity of goods and how they are perceived and purchased. Interest rates The economy is affected by interest rates in relation to mortgages, credit cards, government debt, and corporate bonds to name just a few. To break it down for better understanding, one can view interest rates based on short and long terms. Long-term interest rates are the price paid for the use of financial assets with long repayment periods. Some common examples are mortgages and government bonds (Colander, p. 312, 2010). On the other end of the spectrum, short-term interest rate is determined...
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...necessary or just another way to make money ? Banks have been around for years ,and in the coming foreseeable sure that wont change.Money is what drives our economy in every way possible.We buy food with it and shelter and buy far it is the safest way to keep your money.Since we have inflation which means that your money is always becoming less valuable each year.As you can see from the reports(inflation table refer to table 1).Inflation can happen to every product whether it's a normal item like a cell phone or a house.This is the main reason why we keep our money in banks if we just keep our savings on us all the time we would lose money.Banks are the next best thing along with stocks and bonds...
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...evaluating in which environment will the product need to enter. Barriers to entry are factors that impact a new product and how easy it is to enter into a market. Here are some barriers to entry: ➢ Economies of scale – large companies can produce products at high quantities and therefore making them cheap to manufacture ➢ Established brands – well known and hard to gain customers ➢ Switching costs – these are associated with machinery and development of new product ➢ Large capital expenditure – a new firm would not have the capital needed to stay competitive with established firms ➢ Government policy – may have impact as it will be hard for new product to keep up with changes in legislations PESTLE analysis Political factors will influence our product as they can create opportunities or obligations to out company. Here are few example: • Legislations such as minimal wage or anti discrimination laws. • Market Regulations • Trade agreements, tariffs or restrictions • Tax levies and tax breaks • Types of political regime – communist, democratic, dictatorship • Economical factors will influence our product as they will be set according to the way economy is doing. National and global interest rates and fiscal policy will be different if the economy is in a boom, recession or slump. During recession it is likely that there will be high unemployment, low spending power and low stakeholder confidence, however during a boom the opposite will be...
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...PC Registrations • New car registrations rose 0.03% in January to 128,853 units. • The new car market is expected to remain stable in 2012, dipping just 1% to 1.92 million units in 2012, before recovering in 2013. • Diesel and alternatively-fuelled cars increased volumes, up 6.3% and 17.7% respectively. • January’s performance was boosted by the private market, up 2.7% on January 2011 and further growth in the fleet sector. • January typically accounts for around 7% of annual registrations, ahead of the key March market, which typically represents 18% of the annual market and approximately 65% of volumes registered in quarter one. “The January new car market held firm with 128,853 registrations, marginally up on January 2011, a welcome sign of stability in uncertain economic times,” said Paul Everitt, SMMT Chief Executive. “2012 is set to be an exciting year with record numbers of new models coming to market filled with innovative technology that will save the motorist fuel, enhance comfort and further increase levels of safety and security. However, to maintain market stability, government must act decisively and deliver much needed confidence to businesses and consumers.” Demand for diesel cars continues to rise and its market share moved from 50.5% a year ago to 53.7%, as motorists look to ensure increased fuel efficiency. Registrations of alternatively fuelled vehicles rose by 17.7% in the month and accounted for 1.6% of the market, mirroring the record levels...
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...voordelen van het een en het ander (wat levert het op) 4) People react on in incentives : (mensen reageren op prikkels) * Mensen reageren op prikkels om een marginaal verschil te verwerken in de gedachtegang van de klant 5) Trade can make everyone better off: (handel kan iedereen beter maken) * Mensen specialiseren zich in wat ze goed kunnen, en omdat er competitie is onderling is verhoogd de kwaliteit. Mensen worden allemaal beter omdat er handel mogelijk is. 6) Markets are usealy a good way to organize economic activity (economische activiteit kun je organiseren door handel te realiseren) * Een markt is vraag en aanbod, door deze factoren krijg je ook de prijs. Handelen is een manier om dit te weten. 7) goverments can sometimes improve market outcomes. (overheden kunnen soms de uitkomsten van de marktgang beïnvloeden) * Een falende markt komt wanneer de overheid niet goed ingrijpt, de overheid kan er voor zorgen dat iets beter...
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...However, through the years and in different countries people have faced a lot of frauds because of shopping online which caused people the loss of millions of dollars. The fraud and theft of online credit cards, the use of credit cards have decreases as Karr stated: According to a survey of more than 2,000 U.S. Internet users conducted in October by comScore Inc., 65 percent of respondents have changed the way they pay for items online because of concerns about the economy, down from 67 percent in the previous year. Of those who indicated they had altered their behavior, 42 percent said they are more likely to use cash, versus 50 percent in the 2008 study, and 40 percent said they are more likely to use a debit card, up from 34 percent. Twenty-three percent said they were more likely to use a credit card, up from 18 percent last year, and 13 percent said they had begun to consolidate spending to fewer credit cards, up from 12 percent. (2009, p.14). The use online credit card should not be declining as it helps the economy to flourish by facilitating things for people in order to spend more. People should...
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...CHAPTER I Introduction Stability is a prerequisite for growth and equity so that the rate of inflation is too high to be lowered by interrupting the growth and impoverish the small people on low incomes and fixed. That is why after the 1965/1966 crisis and also after the 1997 crisis, lowering the inflation rate is a top priority in which the government and Bank Indonesia has succeeded admirably. In three years, inflation can be derived from 650 percent (1996) to 9 percent (1969), after 1997 inflation can also be reduced from 70 percent (1998) to only 5 percent (2003). But stability is not just for the sake of stability, but for something larger that is equitable and growth. After rising fuel prices, the prices become so high that people's purchasing power is still low. Economic growth indicate that the government has not been able to open employment opportunities to the people. Meanwhile, the business world also slows down. This is because the minimum wage increases the demand which must be fulfilled. Unemployed increased every year, in 2004 unemployment reached 10,854,254 people. Therefore, the purpose of making this paper are: 1. Knowing the concept and the relationship of inflation and unemployment. 2. determine the condition of inflation and unemployment in Indonesia 3. What the policy taken by the government to control inflation and reduce unemployment, increase employment. CHAPTER II Theory 2.1 Unemployment Unemployment...
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...problem solving skills 5 2.3. Teamworking skills 6 2.4. Lifelong learning and information literacy 7 2.5. Leadership skills 8 3. Suggestions for future graduates, goverment bodies or educational institutions in Malaysia to ensure that future graduates are equipped with skills 9 4. Conclusion 11 References 12 Introduction Malaysia is now a highly motivated developing country with vision to archieve status as developed country. With the mushrooming of the public and private educational institutions in Malaysia, a huge pool of graduates has been created. Obtaining a degree from institute of higher education in local or overseas has become necessary in order to get a good job with nice salary. However, in this challenging world, competition is everywhere. The excerpt from Education Malaysia, (July, 2006) had indicated that unemployment rate in Malaysia seemed to be increasing. One reason for this problem is that the focus of higher education institutions and the needs of the labour market for graduates are not as compatible as they were twenty years ago. The labour market now is more competitive and volatile. Now, Malaysia is facing a new economic trend based on worldwide demand such as globalization, capital flows, and stock exchange that effect the economy and workforce trends. In the globalization era,...
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...Content Table: Induction………………………………………………………………………………….3 Types of organizations, missions and goals…………….…………………………...3 Economic system and impact of organizations………………………………………5 Stakeholder……………………………………………...……………………………….6 Stakeholder influence of organization………………………….…………………...…8 Fiscal policy…..…………………………………………………………………………..8 Monetary policy…………..………………………………………………………………9 Competition policy and Regulatory Mechanism …………………………………….10 Market Structure ………………………………………………………………………..11 PESTLE………………………………………………………………………………….14 EU………………………………………………………………………………………...14 Summary……………………………….………………………………………………..15 Task 1.1 Introduction Morrison Supermarket is the UK’s fourth largest supermarket. It is part of the FTSE 100 index and headquartered at the West Yorkshire (Bradford) in England. Morrison Supermarket is the smallest partner in the chain of four supermarkets (Big Four) due to its small market share. Other members of the “Big Four” are Sainsbury’s, Asda and Tesco. Currently, Morrison Company has a total of 455 superstores, including those purchased from Safeway plc. Most of the stores operate from the large superstores and primarily deal with home wares and groceries as well as furnishings, clothing and electronic items. Morrison Supermarket has lately resorted to online shopping as a result of purchasing a stake 10% of the UK online grocer, Fresh Direct. Task 1.2 Types of organizations , purpose , mission and goals The general notion states that...
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...determined by the market. There is a strong history of capitalism that it can shift from extended period of rapid growth to very short periods of contraction The global financial crisis in 2008-09 which are still on the go, they actually started from the 20th century and they have been increasing since then. In the end of 20th century the U.S housing prices after a multiyear started declining, the mortgage prices had been at a very high rise before that and suddenly they started declining at the end of 20th century. Around mid 2008 there was a striking increase in the mortgage delinquencies. This increase was also followed by mortgages and this great loss in value meant an equally great decline in the capital of America’s largest banks and trillion dollar government. This also affected the backed mortgages...
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...COURSE: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS: COH 723 Programme; MSc Health Services planning and Management Department; Community Health Lecturer; J Kwaku Agyemang 1. Course Description Managerial Economics is concerned with resources allocation, decisions that are made by managers in both private and public sections (private business, private NGO’s and public sector) of the economy. The course emphasizes the application of economic principles and methodologies to decision-making process of business firms operating under conditions of risk and uncertainty. Managerial Economics, thus, uses concepts, models and analytical techniques of economics to study and analyse the operations of businesses and the type of problems managers face. Hence it provides important conceptual insights for gaining a better understanding of business environment and for making of quality business decisions with minimal trial and errors. 2. Objectives: 2.1 To provide participants with a much clearer view of the applicability and relevance of economics to decision making within business firms. 2.2 To develop students’ knowledge of applied economics 2.3 To develop students’ analytical skills to a higher level. 2.4 To enhance students’ insight into the operation of business and the nature of problems managers face. 3. Course coverage * Introduction of students to Managerial Economics and the use of models and other analytical concepts in decision making process...
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...city, ......, March , 2014 COMMENTS OF LECTURER Ho Chi Minh city, ......, March , 2014 Signature COMMENTS OF THE PRESENTATION LECTURER Ho Chi Minh city, ......, March , 2014 Signature CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES, PICTURES AND CHARTS 06 ABBREVIATION 07 ABSTRACT 08 Chapter 1: LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCERN PROBLEMS 09 1.1. Overview bad debt and credit risk 09 1.2.1. Bad debt and credit risk 11 1.2.2. Consequences of bad debt for the banks’...
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...UNIT 40 INVESTIGATING INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS BTEC NATIONAL INTRODUCTION. The international nature of business is evident to anyone who, for example, buys an iPod from Apple or insurance from Aviva. Many brand names are recognised throughout the world as organisations increase demand for their products by expanding from a national to an international market. Initially, the nature of the international business environment will be considered by looking at the size and importance of international markets. Governments encourage businesses to trade internationally but protectionism is also common. International business is regulated not just by national governments but also by transnational trading arrangements promoted by trading blocs such as the European Union and global agencies such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both large and small businesses trade internationally but doing business internationally is often more complex than doing business in the home market. Consideration will be given to the issues facing a domestic (UK) business when it expands its operations into the international sphere. However, some insights can be made by considering issues faced by overseas businesses as they have expanded their operations by moving into the UK market. Tesco has had very limited success in extending operations into France and Carrefour has had similar problems in establishing operations in the UK. However, they both have had more success in Malaysia and...
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