...Topic- Distance Education and Women Empowerment: The Women Who Dared at Distance Learning Institute Okunuga, A. O., & Akintayo, M. O. (2011). Distance Education and Women Empowerment: The Women Who Dared At Distance Learning Institute. Journal of College Teaching & Learning, 8(7), 1-11. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Women in Nigeria have always been placed on the backburner when it comes to education. Social and Cultural beliefs in Nigeria have been one of the main downfalls in education. According to Nigerian beliefs and culture, women belong in the kitchen. Nigerian women are also considered to have a lower intelligence compared to their male counterparts. Women in Nigeria are not allowed to bring honor to their family or support their family once they are married. One of the last conflicts for women in Nigeria is their education tends to be downplayed due to the fact that so many of them get pregnant at a young age. These prejudices result in women being denied access to education. This research proves that distance learning in Nigeria has enabled women to receive an education. Although that education is mainly basic, it is still some type of education. Allowing women to receive an education has also benefited the country. Women are able to learn new trades and skills, which enables them to be better providers for their children and families. Women are beginning to realize their value and worth. This research began with a questionnaire sent...
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...Education and Women’s Empowerment in Bangladesh Nashid Kamal *and K.M Zunaid** *Professor and Head, Department of Population-Environment Independent University, Bangladesh **Graduate student, Sydney 1 Abstract: In Bangladesh the latest BDHS, 2004 finds that only twenty percent women work for cash. Among them only 48 percent are able to spend their money on their own, the rest are dependant upon spouses or other family members to take joint decisions on spending. Defining this variable as a measure of empowerment, this analysis investigates correlates of empowerment using logistic regression analysis. The model finds that marital status is the most significant predictor of empowerment in Bangladesh. Unmarried women are six times more likely to be empowered. Secondary education is another major determinant of empowerment, along with the woman’s mobility and decision making scores. The paper recommends strengthening women’s secondary education in Bangladesh and also taking measures to encourage late marriage for women. 2 INTRODUCTION The participation of women in the labour market in Bangladesh has increased in the recent years. One of the major areas where women have found employment has been the garment sector. This industry employs around 10 million persons directly or indirectly, of which ninety percent are women workers. In the 1993-94 BDHS the percentage of women who reported cash income was only 14.4 percent. After the garment industries were set up in Bangladesh...
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...Table of contents Page no Contents 01 Personal information 02 Introduction 03 Conclusion 04 Anisa Abbas 22 July 2015 Student no 3618 863 8 Community & Health Psychology PYC4811 Assignment 02 657832 Introduction Community! “A group or network of people who are connected to each other by relatively durable social relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties and who mutually define that relationship as important to their social identity and social practice. They are a selforganized network of people with a common agenda or interest who come together by sharing ideas, information and other resources.” Trichardt, a pocket sized town which claims a mere 25 square kilometers in the Gert Sibande district of the Mpumalanga Province has a total of four thousand residents. Our small town has a mixed racial make-up with more than half of the residents being of the white race group. Recently a substantial amount of Asian/Indian families have settled into Trichardt. A possible reason for the influx would be that the location of the Masjid is easily accessible to the Muslim families. The Masjid is a point of gathering for the youth and male folk which also introduces and welcomes any new members into the community. In the past ten years of residing in Trichardt, I have witnessed dozens of caring, sharing and selfless behaviors within our community. There are a few senior members of the community who take on a leadership...
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...Empowering Your Organization Empowering Your Organization This paper will focus on four detrimental symptoms of disempowerment: Blame and victim mentality, Apathy and burnout, Gossip and backbiting and Top talent leaving for better opportunities or work environment. These are common issues found within many organizations. Their negative impact is corrosive and metastasizes like a cancer. However, if symptoms are recognized, diagnosed and consequently addressed the damage can be halted and replaced with positive and productive values that will serve to empower. World-renowned for their pioneering work on empowerment the six values identified by Gershon and Straub (2009), will be used as a tool to develop strategies to resolve these four issues of disempowerment. The Blame Game Hierarchy, inequality, and violence, in the history of mankind there has been a structure of those that lead and those that follow, the blessed and those that lament, hunters and prey. The world is a diverse place; therefore, different societal sects or cultures view and respond to difference in position/title, wealth and power, and capability in dissimilar ways. In the workplace this disparity can produce a phenomena referred to as “victim mentality.” This behavior is marked by an individual blaming everything and everyone for their failures and woes; with the individual assuming the role of victim, e.g., John who is chronically tardy to work is terminated. Instead of seeing his behavior as the...
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...WOMEN EMPOWERMENT “Women empowered means mother India empowered”. - Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru WHAT IS WOMAN EMPOWERMENT? What does it really mean to empower women? Is it political empowerment? Economic empowerment? Social empowerment? In fact, these categories are not mutually exclusive but mutually reinforcing. Women’s political empowerment, usually envisioned as political participation in elections and government, is necessary to give women a voice in the policies that affect their lives. Women’s economic empowerment, which entails that women have the authority to make their own decisions regarding use of their resources, leads to prosperity for families and communities. Social empowerment, often achieved through public policy and education, liberates women from the mistreatment, exploitation, and oppression that inhibit women from reaching their full potential. HISTORY OF WOMAN EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA The status of women in India has been subject to many great changes over the past few millenium. In early vedic period women enjoyed equal status with men. Rigveda & Upanishads mention several names of women sages and seers notably Gargi & Maitrey. However later the status of women began to deteriorate approximately from 500 b.c., the situation worsened with invasion of Mughals and later on by European invaders. Reformatory movements by Guru nanak, RajaramMmohan Rai, others did give some relief. It is not that Britishers didn’t do any thing for improving the condition of women...
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...many companies are using various techniques and empowering employees is one of them. Employee’s empowerment means that the employee can make decisions and take risks rispecting the company’s vision and goals. However, the empowerment has many pro and cons. Some of the advantages are: increase in motivation, productivity, efficiency, creativity, reduce costs, and focus on quality. Also, when the employee is empowered will become as an entrepreneurial and will take risks that will translate in a higher income for the company or success. However, the employees take higher risks it can be a disadvantage as it can be even cause a loss from taking the wrong decision. As for example, an employee could try to predict the sales in the future for a particular product and decide to order too much of that product that will be difficult to sell. Another disadvantage of employee empowerment is the security of private information being not secure as everyone can access the information. For example, in medical office patients information need to be safe, but an employee decides to take work at home and all the paper documents with patient information now can be accessed by everyone visiting her house. Furthermore, managers can have hard times to delegate because people will become arrogant increasing conflicts and causing issues with the interpersonal relation, therefore, communication. Empowerment can make managers fear of losing their job as their performance is not needed any longer since...
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...Motivation and Empowerment Team B CJA/474 May 5, 2014 Ashley Webb Motivation and Empowerment Motivation and empowerment are very important aspects of leadership in any organization. Halting someone with ambition serves no purpose; however, many in leadership roles who do not understand the front line theories involved serve to offer nothing but confusion and discourse among their men. According to “More, Vito, and Walsh” (2012), “Motivation is a predictor of overall effort as an individuals ability, and an organizations support will determine the level of an officers job performance (p. 181). Knowing this concept wins, in this paper we will compare motivation and empowerment, discuss components of empowerment, and implications of empowerment to an organization, as well as the roles of trust with personnel issues. Comparing Motivation and Empowerment Motivation and empowerment go hand and hand, let’s start by defining what is Motivation? The process, by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed and sustained toward attaining a goal. Someone who is motivated will forth effort and work hard to accomplish their goal, and they will channel their energy in doing what is best the company, and one will stay the course and be diligent and persistent in achieving the goal. What is Empowerment? It involves helping others build their own power bases, most company will go all out by empowering their workers with tools that will benefit their business and help the company...
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...Women’s Empowerment Principles www.unwomen.org /en/partnerships/businesses-and-foundations/womens-empowerment-principles Empowering women to participate fully in economic life across all sectors is essential to build stronger economies, achieve internationally agreed goals for development and sustainability, and improve the quality of life for women, men, families and communities. The private sector is a key partner in efforts to advance gender equality and empower women. Current research demonstrating that gender diversity helps businesses perform better signals that self-interest and common interest can come together. Yet, ensuring the inclusion of women’s talents, skills and energies— from executive offices to the factory floor and the supply chain—requires intentional actions and deliberate policies. The Women’s Empowerment Principles offer practical guidance to business and the private sector on how to empower women in the workplace, marketplace and community. Developed through a partnership between UN Women and the United Nations Global Compact, the Principles are designed to support companies in reviewing existing policies and practices—or establishing new ones—to realize women’s empowerment. In brief, the Principles are: 1. Establish high-level corporate leadership for gender equality 2. Treat all women and men fairly at work—respect and support human rights and nondiscrimination 3. Ensure the health, safety and well-being of all women and men workers ...
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...Women Empowerment is Important For a Developed Society “To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Once she is on the move, the family moves, the village moves, the nation moves”. Women is the base of a family. When you empower women, you empower a family. Women have major influence on children and thus on society. Empowerment for women will give a new workforce for the society. Presently many important government posts are occupied by women and educated women are pouring into the each and every field that were previously handled only by men. However, these are accompanied by news about dowry killings, female infanticide, domestic violence against women, sexual harassment, rape, illegal trafficking etc. Gender discrimination still prevails in some countries. We should not forget that history is a witness to the women who have in the past demonstrated unique leadership capabilities. Razia Sultana, Rani of Jhansi, Sarojini Naidu and Indira Gandhi are motivation examples of women empowerment. God has gifted women with compassion, tender-heartedness, caring nature, concern for others. These are very positive signs which imply that women can be leaders. In order to help women to attain equality as men they need to be empowered. Therefore, empowerment of women is the prerequisite to transform a developing country into a developed country. Educational attainment and economic participation are they key constituents in ensuring the empowerment of women. Educational...
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...many nations in the world, counting those in the Pacific. A critical aspect of gender inequality is the empowerment of women, with a focus on economic opportunities, decision making and women’s well- being. In many Pacific island countries, it has taken decades for the enduring view that a women’s place in society is at home in accordance with spiritual beliefs, custom, tradition, and norms. Empowering women represents a diverse range of concepts and may vary widely among individuals, cultures and countries. This essay will examine the benefits of empowering women at an individual level, benefits which can be summarized as economic, political and social. Firstly, economic empowerment is one of the most important driving forces behind economic growth and poverty reduction. Economic empowerment interprets women’s ability to act on their own and make decisions on matters that affect them. In order to increase economic advancement of women, there is an urgent need to formulate the right policies that can allow such an objective to grow unhindered by uncertainty and doubt. Education policies that encourage and offer training opportunities in developing women’s entrepreneurship opportunities and improving women’s access to finance is another major instrument in generating income, reducing poverty and improving the standards of health and so forth. Formal and non- formal education systems are the key foundations for more women participating in the economic arena.. A local example by...
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...LESSON 7: CHARACRERISTICS OF AN EMPOWERED COMMUNITY 7.1 Introduction Other than its definition, we have also noted in previous lectures three important facts about empowerment, and these are: a) Empowerment is a process that takes time; b) Every human experience has a contribution to make towards that empowerment; and that c) While individuals and communities are at the end of the day responsible for their own empowerment, external inputs too have value. In this lecture we will be discussing characteristics of an empowered community over time; community’s role in its own development; and also the role of external input, especially that of people’s government, in this empowerment process. 7.2 Objectives By the end of this lecture, you should be able to a) explain the characteristics of an empowered community b) discuss the role of the people in their won empowerment; and c) discuss what should be the role of the government (and donors) in support of the people in their own empowerment. 7.3 Characteristics of an empowered community There are four characteristics that an empowered person or community should display. These characteristics are progressive in their arrangement and hence it should be easy to remember them. The four characteristics are a) the ability to understand one’s reality and to analyze the factors that shape that reality; b) the ability to decide what one wants to be; c) the willingness to act to change the situation for the better; and d) the ability to ensuring...
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...4002 - Significant conditions in Employees Empowerment: the Case of Jordanian four Star hotels د. ﻳﺤﻴﻰ ﻡﻠﺤﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻴﺮﻣﻮك اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻷردﻥﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﺵﻤﻴﺔ 233 Abstract Data from 95 frontline hotel employees in 10 four star hotel in Jordan show strong association between three significant conditions (communication and information-flow, incentives, and knowledge and skill) and employee empowerment. The findings in this research suggest that communication and information-flow, incentives, knowledge and skill and autonomy among hotel service-employees may have a direct and strong impact on the empowerment of hotel service employees. These four conditions accounted for significant variation in the levels of employee empowerment in four star hotels in Jordan. Levels of empowerment seem to further impact the level of employee job satisfaction indicating a significant association. Implications for future research and for management practice are discussed. Introduction In a competitive environment in which organizations must be faster, leaner, provide better service quality, be more efficient, and more profitable, an empowered and proactive service worker is thought to be essential (Bowen and Lawer, 1992; Fulford and Enz, 1995; Bowen and Lawler, 1995). However, delegation of authority for a long period of time in the past, dominated the management field. In fact, this view changed into the “empowerment” concept as mentioned by Kocel (1998). It covers the participation...
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...A decentralized organization is one in which decision making is not confined to a few top executives but rather is throughout the organization, with managers at various levels making key operating decisions relating to their sphere of responsibility. Decentralization is a matter of degree, since all organizations are decentralized to some extent out of necessity. At one extreme, a strongly decentralized organization is one in which even the lowest-level managers and employees are empowered to make decisions. At the other extreme, in a strongly decentralized organization, lower-level managers have little freedom to make decisions. Although most organizations fall somewhere between these two extremes, there is a pronounced trend toward more and more decentralization. Advantages/Benefits of Decentralization: Decentralization has many advantages/benefits, including: 1. Top management is relieved of much day-to-day problem solving and is left free to concentrate on strategy, on higher level decision making, and coordinating activities. 2. Decentralization provides lower level managers with vital experience in making decisions. Without such experience, they would be ill-prepared to make decisions when they are promoted into higher level positions. 3. Added responsibility and decision making authority often result in increased job satisfaction. Responsibility and the authority, that goes with it makes the job more interesting and provides greater Incentives for people to put out...
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...according to the oxford dictionary refers to the ordinary men and women of a country rather than those who govern or have a special position in the society. (common mwananchi) My understanding of the statement: giving common citizens or people the ability/ empowering them economically, socially for there general well being. Fallacy: We can take development to the people The fallacy in reasoning here is that we can empower local people so that they can take control of their own lives, express their own demands and find their own solutions to their problems. According to this fallacy, the empowerment of common citizens by people in governance or those who have a special position in the society is possible and likely to be achieved; it presumes that the government/ the high & mighty in the society are willing to empower the local people and the latter are ready to receive the empowerment. This fallacy fails to address pertinent issues that will affect the smooth realization of taking development to the people. Greed & power People in governance / the high & mighty in the society want to amass wealth for themselves at the expense of the common citizens. This has seen to it that few people control resources instead of trickling it down to the people and hence a wide gap between the rich and the poor. e.g. Robert Mugabe...
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...receiver. Recently, Blog have become a significant platform to act as an online community for social interaction. With its simplify structure, blog followers can access post easily, join conversation and receive information that they needed (Chung and Kim, 2008). However, these advance in technology have become major reason to shift empowerment from organization, producer and marketer to individuals. In simple words, consumers are having more power over producer. In marketing concept, this consumer power cause the adoption of product-push approach to shift to consumption-pull strategy (Shankar et. al, 2006). In respected to this issue, practitioners have started investigate on empowerment from different perspective. However, most of the literature reviews are focusing on theoretical structure analysis. Few studies are done on travel blog and cancer patient blog in relation to empowerment. However, research methods are mainly questioning third person by questionnaire and focus group. Researcher sets the choice of answers, therefore result are limited and may not be accurate. Since, there is lack of health living blog analysis in related to empowerment level over time. Therefore, we are proposing a research on...
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