...FUNDAMENTALS CONCEPT OF PLANNING A plan may be classified according to time horizon/duration as follows 1. LONG-TERM OR PERSPECTIVE PLAN- extends from 10 to 20 or even 25 years. Educational planning has to be based on a concept of the future. The planners should envision the kind of society; the kind of political, intellectual and social leadership. 2. MEDIUM-TERM PLAN-usually 4-5years, is prepared against the backdrop of a long-term perspective plan. It has proven operationally to be most efficient. It defines the goals and targets with greater clarity and provides a definite basis of action. 3. SHORT TERM PLAN needs to be adopted only as an inevitable alternative to medium-term planning and on an emergency basis. The introduction of "rolling plan´ has eliminated the need for short term plan. 4. SINGLE-PURPOSE PLAN- is an administrative operation, which is usually adopted when particular objectives like implementing a reform measure, building an institution or piloting legislation is to be achieved. TYPES OF PLANNING ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONS 1. PHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC PLANNING PHYSICAL PLANNING-is the planning of an area's physical structure-land use, communicating, utilities and has its origins in the regulations and control of town development ECONOMIC PLANNING-is concerned more with economic structure of an area and its overall level of propriety. 2. ALLOCATIVE AND INNOVATIVE PLANNING ALLOCATIVE PLANNING-is concern with coordination, the resolution of conflicts...
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...each worker needs to expand. A development program conveys all the employees to a higher platform so that each possesses a similar skill and knowledge. Such activities moderate any feeble link within the organization that depends profoundly on other to accomplish a given task. Brown & Sitzmann (2011) believe that through the provision of necessary training skills and development abilities it creates an general well-informed workforce with employees who can carry out the task without fear of doing things wrong or take over duties from other and doing it the right way. Such abilities also allow an individual to work with teams. According to Brown & Sitzmann (2011), the main aim of employee training and development is to improve his effeciency. An worker who acquires the basic drill and development is in a superior position to a carry out a given task. Bulut & Culha, (2010), state that this employee will be more conscious of the safety practices and appropriate procedure for carrying out a given task. Training is also fundamentals as it...
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...TASK 1: 1a. Compare and contrast the different organizational structures and culture favored by Swedish and Americans. Organisational structure IKEA Sweden: CEO CEO Human resources Human resources Sales management Sales management Production management Production management R&D Management R&D Management Finance management Finance management Exhibit 1: Sweden. Org. Structure Organizational structure of IKEA Sweden is function structure, functions are carried out in a similar way, some functions such as such as research and development are centralised in Sweden. Other functions such as human resources, finance and store construction also span the whole company regardless of organisational boundaries. Other support functions including, Information Technology, Communication, and IKEA Indirect Materials and Service also provide service to IKEA stores globally. From which, IKEA can maintain centralized control over function activities and at the same time take advantage of low cost and enhanced quality from international suppliers. On top of that, control over strategic direction is improved and functional lay-offs are minimized, in order to ensure efficiency in the logistics process, the organization has integrated purchasing and distribution process under one umbrella function. In addition, IKEA was also applied flat organization structure, the system of IKEA is not hierarchy that they only have three levels of responsibility...
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...Critically discuss the extent to which Fayol’s classic analysis of the management function has largely been made redundant by the more recent empirical studies of what managers actually do, such as that favoured by Mintzberg Introduction The function of a manager is not a set in stoned role. It can be interpreted very widely and differently due to changes in time and also personal opinions. There is the classical approach to management which was concerned with the structure and activities of an organisation, and the modern approach to management which emphasized organisational effectiveness through focus on strategic issues. Fayol had the classical approach to management while Mintzberg had the modern approach. Mintzberg (2005) said the four words; planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling introduced by Fayol only indicate vague objectives that managers have when they work. Throughout this essay I am going to explore the claim that Fayol’s classic analysis of the management function has been made redundant by the more recent views of Mintzberg through comparing and contrasting both theorists’ conceptions of what a manager actually does. Henri Fayol Henri Fayol was a French industrialist who worked as a young mining engineer. He spent his life working his way up in the mine until he became the managing director. Under Fayol the business thrived and grew despite it nearly being bankrupt when he took over. Fayol, who undertook the classical approach to...
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...e7.0 WAREHOUSE OPERATIONS 7.0 WAREHOUSE OPERATIONS To capitalize on warehouse operations, a number of best practices can be adopted to improve productivity and overall customer satisfaction. Although best practices vary from industry to industry and by the products shipped there are a number of best practices that can be applied to most companies. Best practices here are concerned with: • • • • • • • • • Housekeeping Customization Deterioration Special storage facilities Stock location Loss prevention Space optimization Stock reduction Warehouse efficiency 7.1 HOUSEKEEPING When we think of “housekeeping” we tend to think of the common phrase: “A place for everything and everything in its place.” But housekeeping means more than this. Indeed, good housekeeping practices – itemized below, eliminate clutter which is a common cause of accidents, such as slips, trips, and falls, and fires and explosions, reduce the chances of harmful materials entering the body (e.g., dusts, vapors), and improve productivity (the right tools and materials for the job will be easy to find). An orderly workplace will impress all who enter it – employees, visitors, customers, etc., help the company to keep it’s inventory to a minimum (easier to keep an accurate count of inventories), help the company to make the best use of its space, and make the workplace neat, comfortable and pleasant – not a dangerous eyesore. More importantly, good housekeeping improves the company’s image - it reflects a...
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...Table of content Table of content 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 5 1.1. Background of study 5 1.2. E-business in Vietnam 5 1.3. Profile of HolcimVietnam Ltd 6 1.4. Research objectives 8 1.5. Scope of study 8 1.6. Research contribution 8 1.7. Research ethics 9 1.8. Structure of the research 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review 10 2.1. Introduction 10 2.2. E-business in Vietnam 10 2.2.1. Awareness of need for adopting e-business 10 2.2.2. Slow growth 12 2.2.3. Bright future 12 2.3. Impacts of e-business 13 2.3.1. Impact on HVL and cement industry 14 2.4. Application of e-business 15 2.4.1. E-business application capability 15 2.4.2. Application of e-business 17 2.5. Identification of challenges and critical success factors (CSFs) of e-business implementation for HVL 18 2.5.1. Challenges 18 2.5.2. CSFs 19 2.6. E-business strategy 20 2.6.1. Approaches to e-business strategy 20 2.6.2. Developing e-business strategy 22 2.7. Chapter summary 23 Chapter 3: Methodology 24 3.1. Introduction 24 3.2. Research philosophy 24 3.2.1. Positivism philosophy 25 3.2.2. Phenomenology philosophy 25 3.3. Research approach 26 3.4. Research strategy 26 3.5. Research method 27 3.6. Research data collection 28 3.6.1. Data source 28 3.6.2. Collection method 28 3.7. Sample size 29 3.8. Data analysis method 29 3.9. Reliability and Validity 29 3.9.1. Reliability 29 3.9.2. Validity 30 3.10. Research limitations 30 3.11. Chapter summary...
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...Term Paper Report On Competitive Marketing Policies & Strategies Of Pharmaceutical Products in Bangladesh Submitted to Mr. Abdus Samad Chowdhury Senior Management Councilor Bangladesh Institute of Management Submitted By MD. MAHAFUZUR RAHMAN ID: 14MM028 Post Graduate Diploma In Marketing Management Date of Submission 21-12- 2014. Bangladesh Institute of Management Department of Marketing Management Letter of Transmittal December 21, 2014 Mr. Abdus Samad Chowdhury Bangladesh Institute of Management Subject: Request to accept my term paper report on competitive marketing policies & strategies of Pharmaceutical Products in Bangladesh. Dear Sir, I have given a topic on “Competitive Marketing Policies & Strategies of Pharmaceutical Products in Bangladesh” for writing a term paper for presentation, collection of primary data and secondary data. To do so, we sought the relevant information from books, newspaper and websites. We also went to many respondents who are closely related this entire process. I tried to collect all possible information and make this paper acceptable to all but there can be still existing mistake. So we like to request you to consider if any fault is found in this paper. Finally I would like to request you to accept our paper and permit us to present it before the panel of experts. Yours Sincerely Md. Mahafuzur Rahman Roll No : 14MM028 Post Graduate Diploma in Marketing Management. Bangladesh...
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...FINAL PROJECT BRAND LOYALTY Submitted By: Muhammad USMAN Mc070400252 Session 2007-2009 17-04-2009 Submitted To: Project Management Department MKT-619 Department of Management Sciences, Virtual University of Pakistan i DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this project to my respected Khawaja Saleem Warsi who made me able to enter to join MBA Program; He was a Professor in Government Islamia College, Karachi. His kind encouragement, help, and motivation has been supporting me at every stage during MBA, This kind Professor has always step by step with me when ever I faced problem during Study. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Start with the name of ALLAH who is very beneficiary and merciful. I am very Grateful to Almighty ALLAH Who Gave me a Power to research and write on this report. After that I am very Grateful to My respected elder Khawaja Saleem Warsi who made me able to enter in MBA Program, than my guardian, my kind Instructor of Final Project (MKT-619) Whose Guidance and instruction Helped and encouraged me at every Stage of this Project. I will ever memorize this Great personality. I am also Grateful to my honest and sincere friends who provided me suggestions when ever I needed iii EXECUTIVE SUMMERY The background of the project is to analyze Brand loyalty of Toyota Corolla and Honda City Cars that success in the Car Market. I will find out the reasons and factors those make them strengthen and Strong position in the market for that I decided to work on it...
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...This page intentionally left blank Copyright © 2007, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers Published by New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be emailed to rights@newagepublishers.com ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2487-4 PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002 Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com CONTENTS xvii Dedicated to My Parents Shri Gopalrao and Gayabai Kondalkar This page intentionally left blank Preface Globalisation, technology advancement, open market system and desire of human beings to excel in the field one works has increased competitiveness and resultant work stress. Management of human behaviour and chanalizing it into correct direction has become important. Application of motivational theories, art of leadership and skill of redesigning jobs and modification to organisational structure is an on going process that facilitates positive work environment leading to increased job satisfaction of employees, greater productivity and organizational growth. Due to scientific advancement managing human resources is more challenging. It has been observed that everybody...
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