...INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Foreign direct investment refers to an investment made by an entity or a company based in a country, into another entity or company that is based in different country. FDI is an investment made to acquire a lasting management interest (normally 10 percent of voting stock) in a business enterprise operating in a country other than that of the investor defined according to residency World Bank (1996). The importance of FDI to developing countries cannot be over stated, it acts as a complement to their locally assembled savings it is accompanied with managerial skills and technology which are key in the development of any economy. A number of studies inspired by Chenery and Syrquin (1975), Ranis (1976),...
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...INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS THEMES AND ISSUES MMN222154-13- AB THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA BY AZUMONYE M. CHUKWUEMEKE S1344407 INTRODUCTION Over the years, the debate on the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) as a factor that induces economic growth has received the attention of policy makers, researchers and international organizations (Tumala et al, 2011). There is no denying that most countries strive to attract foreign direct investment (FD1) because of its putative advantages as a tool of economic development. Therefore, this essay seeks to ascertain the extent at which growth in foreign direct investments (FDIs) influences economic growth in Nigeria in the long-run and investigated the empirical relationship between FDI and privatization. Nigeria, after independence began with an economy that was mostly driven by the public sector. According to Tumala et al (2007), Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decree (NEPD) of 1972 imposed several restrictions on FDI entry, thereby earning the tag „the indigenization policy‟. It reserved 22 business activities exclusively for Nigerians, including advertising, gaming, electronics manufacturing, basic manufacturing, road transport, bus and taxi services, the media and retailing and personal services. Foreign investment was permitted up to 60 per cent ownership and provided that the proposed enterprise had, based on 1972 data, share capital of N200, 000 ($300,000) or turnover...
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...Economic Benefits from Air Transport in Nigeria Nigeria country report Acknowledgements Oxford Economics gratefully acknowledge the help that we received from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) in preparation of this report. Through a survey conducted by IATA many organisations across the aviation industry supplied us with data that has formed an integral part of our analysis. In addition, the Airports Council International (ACI) very kindly provided us data on the economic activities at airports. We would like to thank all these organisations for their generosity in supplying this data, without which this report could not have been written. A note on the data reported in the report Unless otherwise stated, the numbers reported in this report relate to the calendar year 2010. Oxford Economics 2012 v1.1 2 Nigeria country report Contents Facts & figures.......................................................................................... 4 1 1.1 1.2 Consumer benefits for passengers and shippers ......................... 7 Consumer benefits ..................................................................................... 7 Estimated consumer benefits ..................................................................... 8 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 Enabling long-term economic growth............................................ 9 Connectivity and the cost of air transport services .................................... 9 How aviation...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY For decades now, Nigeria has been experiencing disappointing performance in terms of growth in gross domestic product (GDP) and the general development of her economy. As a result, there’s no improvement in the level of poverty. In the 90s, came the era of globalization which connotes external opening and increased role of markets domestically (i.e. the market economy). To the developing world, market economy is a modern way of turning the economy around. The essence of globalization is to move the economy towards external liberation, focusing on market oriented economic system, export-led strategy and stabilization of the economy. In Nigeria, it was the era of structural adjustment programme in collaboration with the IMF and World Bank. The governments in the developing world, believes that it is more desirable to globalize which simply means to open up the economy and penetrate international markets. In time past, the world economy has undergone a fundamental shift towards an integrated and coordinated global division of labour in production and trade. In the 1950s and 1960s, productions were within national boundaries. The increase of oil prices in the late 1970s and the contractionary monetary policies of the United States during 1979 and 1982 period led to the increased interest rates and consequently indebted developing countries found they unable to service their debts. Continual refinancing was the only...
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...ATPC African Trade Policy Centre Work in Progress No. 77 ATPC Economic Commission for Africa The Impact of Chinese Investment and Trade on Nigeria Economic Growth 2009 Djeri-wake Nabine Abstract This paper examines the impact of Chinese foreign direct investment and bilateral trade with Nigeria economic growth. The study use an augmented aggregate production function (APF) growth model, three methods are performed to test the hypothesis that there is no causal relationship between foreign direct investment, exports, imports and economic growth. The statistical methods used are: the Ordinary Least Squares Method (OLS) and the Granger causality test. Using time-series and panel data from 1990 to 2007, The estimated both short and long-run analysis for Nigeria-China relationship shows that in short term the bilateral trade doesn’t contribute to Nigeria economic growth but the long term relationship can enhance Nigeria economic growth; it should then be the policy priority for Nigeria to make sure that FDI inflows from China and its trade relationship with China exert the reinforcing and beneficial effects on GDP and exports through active acquisition of advanced technology and open trade regime. A - CEA EC E ATPC is a project of the Economic Commission for Africa with financial support of the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) Material from this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgement is requested...
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...Research Proposal Example 1 The influence of exchange rate volatility on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nigeria Word Count: 3253 Date: March 2012 Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 Aim and Objectives ............................................................................................................... 2 Significance and scope of the study ................................................................................... 3 Key Literature Review ........................................................................................................... 3 Key Words ......................................................................................................................... 3 Literature ........................................................................................................................... 3 Research Design ................................................................................................................... 5 Data Collection methods .................................................................................................... 6 Ethical Issues .................................................................................................................... 6 Research Plan ......................................................................................................................
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...On OKECHUKWU DIYOKE DIOKC81 | 1 INTRODUCTION An economy refers to the full network of distributers, producers and consumers of goods and services within local, regional or national communities. Globalization refers to the process of the increase in economic, political, social and ethnic relations across international boundaries. Globalization is aimed primarily at the constant theories that shape the political and socioeconomic development of nations across the globe. It looks at the continued increase in the collapse of trade barriers and increased world trade and integration; globalization can be seen as an extension that regularly restructures the way nations interact amongst themselves by breaking down their individual barriers in areas of culture, commerce, finance, communication, and several other fields of struggle. This on-going change can be seen from its thrust of legitimate governance, liberal democracy, gender equality, environmental stability, and free market economy among other aggregate values for people of the member states. Globalization creates a compelling inclination for the systematic development in the modern world today as a result of the problems it poses to the states in the form of challenges. This essay looks at the definition of globalisation, the concept of the process of globalization, and how it affects the Nigerian economy. OKECHUKWU DIYOKE DIOKC81 | 22/08/11 2 THE CONCEPT OF GLOBALISATION Many theories have been put forward...
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...revenue for providing the needed infrastructure is through a well structured tax system (ogbona and ebimobewei, 2012). The vital role that taxation play in an economy cannot be overemphasized. Tax is a compulsory levy imposed by government or its agent on her citizens in order to raise revenue for the funding of economic activities. Nkoro and worlu, 2012 defined Tax as a fee charged or levied by a government on a product, income, or activity. If it is levied directly on personal or corporate income, it is called a direct tax. If it is levied on the price of a good or service, then it is called an indirect tax. The main reason for taxation is to finance government expenditure and to redistribute wealth which translates to financing development of the country (Musgrave and Musgrave, 2004, Bhartia, 2009). Apart from revenue generation prowess of tax, it is also used by the government to discourage consumption of certain goods. Taxation is a fiscal tool that most government uses to regulate both the micro and macro aspect of an economy. Generally, The importance of tax lies in its ability to generate revenue for the government, influence the consumption pattern of the people and also regulate the economy through its influence on vital aggregate economic variables such as income, employment, prices of goods and services and investments. The recent shock in world oil prices has made so many oil-dependent nations in the world to adjust their budget for 2015 fiscal year in order to remain...
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...Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria Abstract The study examines the impact of petroleum on economic growth of the Nigerian economy. Data covering the period 1980-2011 was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, and transparency international Agency annual publications and analyzed using econometric approach. The stationary status of the time series data was examined using Augmented Dickey Fuller test. The regressand is Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP), The regressors are Foreign direct investment (FDI), Oil revenue (OIL), Corruption index (CI), External debt (EXDEBT). The series attained stationary after differencing. The Johansen cointegration test was conducted to ascertain the long run equilibrium condition of the variables in the model. The variables were cointegrated because four cointegrating equations were found. The Parsimonous model was established to account for the short run dynamic adjustments required for stable long run equilibrium. It was discovered that the variables: oil revenue and corruption index impacts negatively on Real GDP, while FDI and EXDEBT have positive impact on the growth of the economy. This means that the resource curse theory is proven to be true in Nigeria. The study concludes that, if the petroleum industry bill is passed and implemented to the letters, there exists hope for the Nigerian nation. Keywords: petroleum, economic growth, Nigeria Citation: Baghebo, M. and Atima, T. O. (2013). The impact of petroleum...
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...time period. The importance of foreign exchange rate on inflow of foreign private investment has been traced by Obadan (1994) who noted that its importance as the center pieces of the investment environment derives from the argument that a sustained exchange rate misalignment in terms of over-valuation or under-valuation is a major source of macro economics disequilibrium which spells danger for investment. A stable exchange rate encourages, foreign and local investor into such an economy. This is because, an over-valued exchange rate discourage export and negatively affect the foreign private investment Salako (2004). Further state that there is a long run equilibrium relationship between investment inflow to Nigeria and variables such as nominal effective exchange rate. A high foreign exchange rate increase the prices of goods and services and discourage exportation while at the sometime encourages importation of goods which are cheaper. This has negative effect on the investment and with such factors investors withdraw their money from such an economy (Solomon, 2012). It is therefore imperative to state that foreign exchange rate is a significant factor that determines investment in any economy with Nigeria inclusive. In recent years, exchange rate has fluctuated considerably. The official and parallel exchange rate depreciated annually at an average of 34% and 18%, respectively, between 1986 and 2006 (CBN, 2007). The effects of such fluctuations are evident...
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...democratic country with over 170 million people. With a presidential system of government. It comprises of 36 states and 777 local government area. The connection between Nigeria and China dates as far back to 1971. At the same time when penning this thesis the president of Nigeria is in china to expand this relation. The Chinese Ambassador in Nigeria, once said sometime last year that China and Nigeria have longstanding relations that dates back as far as 45 years. Nigeria is China second biggest trade partner in engineering in Africa. It supposed that by the end of next year our relations of trade will be as high as $13 billion China is still to build a world renowned company like General Electric and Apple. The impression most of the foreign countries have of china is that their business men and entrepreneurs are out to gather wealth, rather than for business strategy, innovation and style of administration. But yet china has one of the most effective business management approach in the 21st century. The Chinese administration cannot be like the Japanese six sigma or invent new management technique, but offers more skills of business management than companies more occidental could offer. The Chinese businesses offer administration's common imperatives: responsiveness, improvisation and flexibility. These competencies supplies them a critical facet. The Chinese Companies have discovered to handle differently over the past 30 years considering they have to work in a fast paced...
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.....................................................10 12. EXHIBIT-2............................................................................................................................................................12 13. REFERENCES......................................................................................................................................................13 To: Mr. David Larson From: Mr. Dadhich Bhatt Date: January 6, 2004 Subject: Detail analysis report on future course of action for business operation of Larson Inc. in Nigeria. As detail analysis required regarding Nigerian business environment to take decision about Nigerian subsidiary, this analysis contains feasibility study and evaluation of possible options against defined criteria. Abbreviation NIPC – Nigerian Investment...
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...The Domestic Bond Market and the Development of the Nigerian Capital Market: An Empirical Analysis Abstract The fixed income security (bond) market is an important segment of the capital market in market economies. Its importance lies in the fact that it provides short term investment opportunity for the private investors and long term financing for firms at low cost. Governments use it as a low cost financing instrument for deficit budgets. The domestic bond market is a source of huge liquidity in the financial market which eventually expands the size of the domestic capital market. Theory has it that, a combination of domestic and foreign participation in the domestic debt market generates liquidity, and lowers the national yield curve. This paper examines these theoretical assertions and relations as it applies to the Nigerian capital market. Using data from the Central Bank of Nigeria, we use the methodology of applied financial econometrics to analyse the various relationships. Keywords: Domestic bond market, bond market liquidity, capital market size, national yield curve, Nigeria Eurobond, capital market, foreign participation. Introduction This paper essentially examines how the growth of domestic bond market and foreign participation in the same market function to impact the development and growth of the Nigeria capital market and enhance financial stability. Peiris (2010) noted, “A vibrant and deep local...
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...International Investment Report - British Petroleum in Nigeria Group D June 6, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Country Evaluation 6 Industry Overview 9 Regulatory structure 9 Competition – Major and minor competitors 12 Local financing options for the expansion 12 Overall attractiveness of the industry 13 Entry Strategy 13 Recommendations 17 References 20 Introduction Nigeria in West Africa is about twice the size of California in the US but is the largest country in Africa. Just over 160 million people live in this country with approximately 800,000 of them living in the capital city of Abuja which is located in the very center of Nigeria. (Nigeria) Nigeria has two distinct reputations. One as a corrupt and violent country that is not highly recommended for tourist type visitations (although it does have incredibly interesting historical sights) and the other for being the country visited mostly for unbelievably lucrative business transactions involving oil and gas. The Nigerian people live mostly in poverty in a country where oil and gas exports total billions in revenue. This is due to the fact that the Nigerian government has total control over their property rights. In addition corruption within that government runs rampant. According to an article by Michael Burleigh 70% of Nigerians live below poverty level struggling to survive. (Burleigh) What is even more interesting in a country rich in oil and gas is that the poverty...
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...Can globalisation be seen as positive or negative for the Economic Development of Nigeria? A focus on Shell and the International Monetary Fund Research Issue: Globalisation in its current form is viewed in the Western world as a positive influence for the Economic Development of under developed countries. However these views on the benefits brought to developing countries have been frequently disputed. The research we are undertaking is a pilot study based on documentary research. Our source of information is secondary data such as books, articles, newspapers and journals. The study employs a qualitative approach. Even though globalisation is often viewed as positive we have discovered that this is not always the case in relation to its effects in Nigeria. Judging from our analysis, globalisation through the IMF and Shell has had an overall negative impact on Economic Development. However, Shell is attempting to act more responsible by adjusting its position in order to have a more positive impact on Economic Development. On the other hand, the IMF has not adapted to Nigeria but...
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