...the United Kingdom’s (UK) fashion industry concluded that the fashion industry in UK is now worth more than 21 billion pounds in one year and the value get even bigger when the tourism and related businesses are included. It could be as much as 37 billion pounds (“Telegraph,” 2010). Every year, there is an event known as London Fashion Week (LFW), where top designers present their new collections for the next season. LFW can bring in more than 100 million pounds a year (Armstrong, 2013). Fashion had started over a thousand year ago, and it is involves in many different areas such as fashion designs, businesses, fashion events and the film industry. The purpose of this paper is to show the evolution of London fashion into the current trend and to show the various reasons why London has become fashion capital and remained in first place for over two years. This paper also include with the history of London fashion, the reasons why London deserve to be the fashion capital, the background story of LFW and the positive impacts it has made. Finally, it will present case study of the differences in fashion industry between the UK and Japan. 1.0 Fashion Capital - London 1.1 Background Information A fashion capital is a city which has international fashion trends influences and is a centre for fashion industry, including designs, fashion events such as fashion shows, and products. Fashion capital also get involved...
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...Executive Summary The purpose of this individual paper is to examine the success of Louis Vuitton (LV) in Japan, and identify the current phenomena in the market. Luxury is a business model of LV in accelerating Japanese consumers. It is followed by great execution of marketing principles in term of Product, Distribution, Promotion, and Price. However, the modern life of consumers has created change in their behavior. It has become a serious issue that challenges LV’s success in the future. In constructing this paper, a review of relevant journal, newspaper, academic publications, and online resources were used. Consumer behavior change is identified as a significant influence that challenges future performance of LV in the market. LV must seriously think on how to strategically maintain its competitive advantages in the market. This paper recommends LV to enhance its luxury existence in the heart of potential customers. It can be done through extensively enhancing customer relationship, and the main concept that should be implement is strategic alignment between its current marketing programs and Research & Design functions to support high quality production, which accommodate consumers’ expectations. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………....i 1.Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1...
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...Many changes have occurred in non-developed countries and societies since World War II. Many of these changes are due to globalization. Globalization is the development of integration and interaction among societies and cultures of different nations, a method motivated by international trade and investment and assisted by information technology (Globalization101, 2014, para. 1). Western countries and societies have invaded non-western areas with their beliefs and ways of doing things. This has dramatically changed how non-western societies do business, communicate, dress, eat and conduct life. The following three examples will demonstrate how globalization has impacted contemporary non-western societies and cultures. The first example will reveal how India’s wardrobe has been westernized. The second example will demonstrate how the introduction of McDonald’s to Japan has changed the way they approach meals. The third example will show how the media drove the Chinese government to allow international adoption. Example 1 The media and marketplace has caused India’s traditional wardrobe of men and women wearing dress to be quickly left behind and replaced with westernized clothing. The traditional Indian attire is becoming obsolete in both boys and girls and being replaced with (blue jean) trousers via market and cable network (Singh, 2013). Before globalization had an impact on India’s choice of clothing, their traditional wardrobe included fabric in the form of a dress or pants...
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...Globalization and me: what impacts could it be? According to Word Power Dictionary, globalization comes from word globalize which means develop (business, society, etc.) so as to make international influence or action possible. Other than that, globalization can be define as the increasing connectivity and interdependence of the world’s economies, societies, and cultures because of advances in communications, technology, trade, international investment movement of currency, and migration. In my opinion, technology is the big roles or function that brings the globalization. Same as Kenichi Ohmea words, globalization as a borderless world seeks to change the world into a single unit only. This process is easier with the advances in communication technology. There are numerous ways in which globalization has impacted the world. The globalization has impacted on education, economic, culture, language, food and others. Globalization also means the phenomenon that makes the world seem smaller in terms of human relations due to the speed of development of information technology. Human easily get information and difficult to filter the negative elements that permeate the hearts and minds. Some terms such as “borderless worlds” and “open skies” make such as trade, the development of political and economic power towards the development of civilization. Education is the process of receiving and giving systematic instruction, especially at school and university. There are positive and...
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... But by the same token, too few managers consciously try to set plans and build organizations as if they saw all key customers equidistant from the corporate center. Whatever the trade figures show, home markets are usually in focus; overseas markets are not. Effective global operations require a genuine equidistance of perspective. But even with the best will in the world, managers find that kind of vision hard to develop-and harder to maintain. Not long ago, the CEO of a major Japanese capital-goods producer canceled several important meetings to attend the funeral of one of his company's local dealers. When I asked him if he would have done the same for DRAWINGS BY MICHAEL WITTE a Belgian dealer, one who did a larger volume of business each year than his late counterpart in Japan, the unequivocal answer was no. Perhaps headquarters would have had the relevant European manager send a letter of condolence. No more than that. In Japan, however, tradition dictated the CEO's presence. But Japanese tradition isn't everything, I reminded him. After all,...
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...projects put the accent more particularly on the need to create new sources of financing for the economy, since one of the coiranon characteristics observed in the 1960s and 1970s in the majority of northern European countries was a very marked drop in the rate of investment." Well organized trade union efforts are being made to exert political pressure for projects in this region but, little real tangible action has been taken yet. In France and Germany public authorities have been the main source of initiative. In the face of reservations by both business and unions, the French government has acted to tiry to improve the climate of industrial relations. The 1967 ordincince established a compulsory system for employee sharing in benefits of industrial expansion and a 1980 act encouraged distribution of 3% of capital to employees. The 1970 German act has been broadened over time with the intent expressed by public authorities to promote accumulation of capital. In the Anglo-Saxon countries where government action is limited to establishing a legal framework some tax incentives for worker participation are provided, but adoption of schemes by companies is slow. By contrast, obligatory systems like the 1967 French ordinance may achieve quick changes. In these circumstance, participation becomes a right enforceable by law. In a number of the northern European proposals "participation breaks all links between the individual employee and his employers." For example, under a Dutch scheme...
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...Americanization Impact Less in the World With the development of economic and worldwide communication, globalization becomes a familiar word for people today. Some people address that globalization is Americanization because of forced influence from the United States. Whereas, a history professor, Richard Pells argues that “What we have in the 21st century is not a hegemonic American culture but multiple forms of art and entertainment-voices, images and ideas that can spring up anywhere and be disseminated all over the planet”(248). Pells believes cultures influence mutually instead of being impacted and dominated by Americanization. Also, culture can spread to the world through art, entertainment, and any other forms rather than only accept Americanization. Even though Americanization has significant effect in the world undeniably, the effect reduces recently. Pells also claims that “There is a sense overseas today that America’s culture exports are not as important, or as alluring, as they once today such as the cultural action is elsewhere- not so much in Manhattan or San Francisco but in Berlin and Mumbai.”(248). Americanization has less impact for other countries. Chinese audiences no longer go to theater to watch Hollywood movies as frequently as before. Also, individuals do not love American food blindly since local restaurants are rising up to compete with American food. In addition, Americanization is not only losing impact overseas, it is also invaded by foreign culture...
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...Studies in Business and Economics THE GLOCAL STRATEGY OF GLOBAL BRANDS DUMITRESCU Luigi Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania VINEREAN Simona Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania Abstract: A few years ago, globalization was the new paradigm in international business, however from a branding perspective it has lost its initial efficiency giving the fact that consumers do not seem to feel a connection anymore with the standardized products of global corporations, catered to them in mass marketing communication programs. With their centralized decision making, most companies simply stopped having a connection with the new global marketplace and neglected its emergence. Hence, the influence of local characteristics arose, and with that a new term that encapsulates the global and the local – glocal. “Glocalization” encourages companies to “think global, act local”, and they could do so by using the global brand, while localizing certain elements of that brand in order to suit a particular country. Keywords: global brands, globalization, glocal strategy, glocal marketing. 1. Introduction In 1983, Theodore Levitt published a provocative Harvard Business Review article entitled “The Globalization of Markets”, in which he stated that a new global market, based on uniform products and services, had emerged. He asserted that large scale companies have stopped emphasizing on the customization of their offers to providing globally standardized products that are advanced...
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...Contribution and Limitation of Globalization “Globalization refers to a complex of interrelated processes, which have in common the idea that relationships and organizations have increasingly spread across the world, bringing about a growing awareness of the world as a whole” (Fulcher. J. and Scott. J., 2011). I. Contribution of Globalization A) Economic The essential dimension of globalization refers mainly to increase in international integration among trade and market all over the world is mentioned as economic globalization. “One who first commits himself to a theory of globalization is Marx. In so doing he identifies an economic dimension of the process” (Waters. M., 2001). The Idea of replacing national boundaries with global union especially in the case of economy was primarily supported by Marx and the other theorists of twentieth century who were struggling to make the big changes for the world’s future. It can be said that the process of globalization rose after industrial revolution (1757-1800) in Europe. Some examples of development and change from that time at which the process has been extended throughout the world so far are; “from farm to factory, division of labor increase, increase in child labor, new methods of administration, mass production and etc”. Nowadays, through the globalized situation, international trade and the achievement of the free market economy is increasing so that workers, consumers, and companies have the strong possibility to go...
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...The Influence of Cultural Adaptation on Disney Theme Parks By 駱巧瑜Chaio-Yu, Lou 陳奎因Kuei Yin, Chen 楊凱智Kai-Chih, Yang 徐仁軒Ren-Xuan, Shiu Department of Applied English Ming Chuan University Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan June, 2010 The Influence of Cultural Adaptation on Disney Theme Parks By 駱巧瑜Chaio-Yu, Lou 陳奎因Kuei Yin, Chen 楊凱智Kai-Chih, Yang 徐仁軒Ren-Xuan, Shiu A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Applied English Approved by ________________ Chia-Chin Susan Sung, M.S. Chairperson of the Committee _______________ Chao-Chang Wang, Ph.D. Chairperson of the Department of Applied English Department of Applied English Ming Chuan University Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan June, 2010 Abstract Disneyland is a fascinating worldwide industry, and also the most successfully run theme park in the world. When it comes to theme parks, Disney will be the first thing that comes to everyone’s mind. Because of the great success of Disney, researchers want to look into the reasons why it is so important and so attractive to the entertainment industry. For example, Disney’s Asian theme parks usually would apply local customs and festivals into their programs. And by doing so, it draws more local tourists to attend the events. Disney always pays attention to these cultural factors and uses them to its advantages. Plus,...
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...Shahid (mariam-marry@hotmail.com) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction. The topic is being researched upon because the Pakistani women now play a vital role in the economy of Pakistan and now have a greater buying power and consumption pattern while purchasing clothes. Clothing is one of the most essential factors of one’s daily life, especially when it comes to women. Gone are the days when women used to sit back at home and their husbands used to shop and buy them a dress a month. Contrary to it the contemporary fashion market is being revolutionized and being known by the women clothing industry at its major part 1.2 Background Globalization has lead to a vast information and decision making set for everyone. Due to globalization, people are aware of product, their attributes, quality, prices and the number of substitutes they can refer for a certain product or service. As a result of globalization, a gap between nations and their culture have reduced, and people are adopting the trends of other countries along side with their own. Since the last few decades, Pakistan has also been experiencing a swift and rapid rate towards urbanization. People have become knowledgeable and are familiar with the latest trends of the on-going world. A huge change is observed within the people of Pakistan in terms of their life routine and lifestyle. Women in Pakistan are carrying out a wider role. There is...
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...9000 Cabanha Orgânica Lomas Negras Ltda. Caixa Postal 95 Campo Alegre, SC 89294-000 Brasil Ronald Jean Degen is in the Ph.D. Program of the International School of Management in Paris, and the Vice Chairman of Masisa in Chile. He was a Professor at the Getúlio Vargas Graduate Business School of São Paulo where he pioneered the introduction of teaching entrepreneurship in 1980 and wrote the first textbook in Portuguese on entrepreneurship published in 1989 by McGraw-Hill. He just published a new textbook on entrepreneurship that was published in 2009 by Pearson Education 4 The success of luxury brands in Japan and their uncertain future ABSTRACT The Japanese are the world’s largest individual consumers of luxury brands and form the second largest market for luxury goods after the US. The Japanese were the driving force behind the exponential growth of the European luxury industry and the resulting “democratization of luxury”. This concept of giving everyone access to luxury branded goods is a paradox because it abandons the exclusivity that was the...
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...INDEX Introduction The challenge of crossing cultural boundaries The meaning of culture: foundation concepts Why culture matters in international business National, professional, and corporate culture Interpretations of culture Key dimensions of culture Language as a key dimension of culture Culture and contemporary issues Managerial guidelines for cross-cultural success Page 1 to 1 Page 1 to 5 Page 5 to 6 Page 7 to 9 Page 9 to 9 Page 10 to 14 Page 14 to 17 Page 17 to 19 Page 19 to 21 Page 21 to 23 1 Introduction There are few things more representative of U.S. culture than American football. It is an extravaganza, complete with exciting halftime shows and peppy cheerleaders. The game exemplifies national pride. The national anthem is played, flags are unfurled, and uniformed players charge up and down the field like an army in the throes of often violent conflict. The teams’ huddles divide the game into small planning sessions for the next play. In the United States, the National Football League (NFL) oversees the sport and, like any successful business, wants to score in new markets. The NFL first tackled Europe in 1991, with plans to establish American football there. After years of failed attempts, NFL Europe emerged as six teams, five of which were based in Germany (such as the Berlin Thunder, the Cologne Centurions, and the Hamburg Sea Devils). Earlier teams established in Spain had failed. Why did American football triumph in Germany but fail in Spain? An...
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...nations in the present era of globalization? When historians write of the world’s recent history, they are likely to reflect on two trends: the advance of globalization and the spread of democracy. Globalization has been the more contentious, because it has effects both good and bad, and democracy has opened space for people to protest the bad effects. So, controversies rage over the environmental, economic and social consequences of globalization. But there is another domain of globalization, that of culture and identity, which is just as controversial and even more divisive because it engages ordinary people, not just economists, government officials and political activists. Globalization has increased contacts between people and their values, ideas and ways of life in unprecedented ways. People are travelling more frequently and more widely. Television now reaches families in the deepest rural areas of China. From Brazilian music in Tokyo to African films in Bangkok, to Shakespeare in Croatia, to books on the history of the Arab world in Moscow, to the CNN world news in Amman, people revel in the diversity of the age of globalization. American coffeehouse chain Starbucks has begun selling its espresso and food items to ever-increasing number of countries and this way spreading American food habits. It is the first time in human history that virtually every individual at every level of society consciously or unconsciously feels the impact of globalization. He finds it in the media...
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...Globalization and Culture - John Tomlinson University of Chicago Press: Published 1999 ISBN: 0-226-80768-1 Chapter 1: Globalization and Culture Globalization lies at the heart of modern culture; cultural practices lie at the heart of globalization. This is the reciprocal relationship I shall try to establish in this chapter and explore in the chapters which follow. This is not a reckless claim: it is not to say that globalization is the single determinant of modern cultural experience, nor that culture alone is the conceptual key that unlocks globalization's inner dynamic. It is not, therefore, to claim that the politics and economics of globalization yield to a cultural account which takes conceptual precedence. But it is to maintain that the huge transformative processes of our time that globalization describes cannot be properly understood until they are grasped through the conceptual vocabulary of culture; likewise that these transformations change the very fabric of cultural experience and, indeed, affect our sense of what culture actually is in the modern world. Both globalization and culture are concepts of the highest order of generality and notoriously contested in their meanings. This book certainly does not aim at an exhaustive analysis of either: more modestly it tries to grasp the main elements of globalization in what might be called a cultural register. In this first chapter I offer an orientating understanding of the concept of globalization within this register...
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