...telecommunication technologies are rapidly becoming a significant concern in regard to highway safety. Almost 90 million people subscribe to wireless telephone services, and 85 percent of those subscribers use their phones while driving to conduct business, report emergencies, stay in touch with loved ones, call for assistance, and report aggressive or drunk drivers. It's not just phones on the road anymore. In 1999, two major auto manufacturers -General Motors and Ford- formed agreements with telecommunications companies that will enhance wireless features in even more vehicles. Future cars will provide drivers with concierge services, web-based information, online e-mail capabilities, CD-ROM access, on-screen and audio navigation technology, and a variety of other information and entertainment services. Telecommunications companies say that new technology in cars not only will improve commerce but highway safety as well. Already, an estimated 98,000 emergency calls are placed by cell phone users each day, and billions of dollars of business may be transacted by drivers each year. Studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine and by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) have concluded that cellular phones often reduce emergency response times and actually save lives. New technology also may make it easier for people to drive more safely on the road. State policymakers, however, must weigh the promises of wireless technology in cars against...
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...Provincial Ordinance No. 1 s. 2006, the Laguna University was established on February 15, 2006. The incumbent governor was elected President and Chairman of the Board of Regents under Resolution No. 198. A s. 2006 dated March 29, 2006 by the SangguniangPanlalawiganng Laguna. This research paper is about the effect of spelling ability of the second year IT students of Laguna University. The student must had books and writing of the correct spelling of words and correct grammar. The aim of this research paper is to develop the spelling ability of the cellphone users. Background of the study In the primitive ages, people have used signals, to get a message from one point to another. And that is a clear evident that even before, it is very important to communicate or to get messages from other places. That is why Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. Probably no means of communication has revolutionized the daily lives of ordinary people more than the telephone. Telephone comes from the Greek word tele, meaning from afar, and phone, meaning voice or voiced sound. Generally, a telephone is any device which conveys sound over a distance. A string telephone, a megaphone, or a speaking tube might be considered telephonic instruments but for...
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...known as a cellular phone, cell phone, and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station. In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell[1][2] and Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 2.2 pounds (1 kg).[3] In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. From 1990 to 2011, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 6 billion, penetrating about 87% of the global population and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid.[4][5][6][7] Before the devices that are now referred to as mobile phones existed, there were some precursors. The development of mobile telephony began in 1918 with tests of wireless telephony on military trains between Berlin - Zossen.[8] In 1924 public trials started with telephone connection...
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...History Main article: History of mobile phones An evolution of mobile phones Early predecessors of cellular phones included radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in mobile telephony have been traced in successive generations from the early "0G" services like the Bell System's - Mobile Telephone Service and its successor, Improved Mobile Telephone Service. These '0G' systems were not cellular and could support few calls, and were very expensive. The first handheld mobile cell phone was demonstrated by Motorola in 1973. The first commercial automated cellular network was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979. In 1981, this was followed by the simultaneous launch of the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.[8] Several other countries then followed in the early to mid-1980s. These '1G' systems could support far more calls but still used analog technology. In 1991, the second generation (2G) digital cellular technology was launched in Finland by Radiolinja on the GSM standard, which sparked competition in the sector as the new operators challenged the incumbent 1G network operators. Ten years later, in 2001, the third generation (3G) was launched in Japan by NTT DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard.[9] This was followed by 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G enhancements based on the high-speed packet access (HSPA) family...
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...Negative Effect of Technology On Our Lives Chapter I Introduction: Modern day technology is probably the main attention of every person nowadays. And it is well evolving in a very fast rate. As we can see, almost every person in the world has their own kind of high-tech materials. Such as cell phones for communication; computers in making documents and other important files; laptops that became the next generation desktops; MP3 players for a much portable and convenient way of listening to music; cars for a much comfortable ride; cameras that is used for capturing the most unforgettable happenings on a person’s life, and many more. In fact, most people can’t live without it. Technology has performed a good impact towards the people, and there is no doubt about it. It lowered the average effort of humans to accomplish a certain task. For example, within just one click, you will see what you are looking for in the computer using the internet. Not like before, you have to go to the library to browse a handful of books in order for you to know what you want; which is a hustle. However, negative effects is always hidden beneath as such; although many will use to emphasize modern technology for many of its advantages and achievements, what many don’t realize is that it has affected and continues to affect the people in a negative way, generally the youth. A. Statement of the problem Childhood is all about exploration, through the interactive world of technology, most teens...
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...artifact has come to improve and change various established types of contact in today’s culture (Nielson, 2010). Today the world uses technology in almost everything that it does. Many different types of scholars have advocated the study of technologies as artifacts (Sterne, 2006). The cell phone will be a cultural artifact in its own right. No modern cultural artifact personifies the intellect and the disquieting overindulgence of capitalism as noticeably as the cell phone (Rauch, 2005). It is an item that people work on and the cell phone also works for them. It is used to socialize, idolize, and has many advanced technologies that are used and preformed on them. Consider it a result of social and technical processes. In many urbanized societies like the United States and the rest of the Americas, Europe, and Asia, the cell phone has developed into a scientific experiment or a haven for taxing the confines of technological union. It almost seems a shame to call it a telephone today because it is so much more than that. It can be used as a computer, a gaming tool, still cameras, video cameras, email systems, text messengers, carrier of business data, and so much more (Rauch, 2005). The definition of culture is a shared set of practices, standards, ideals and symbols. Currently the statistics show that more than two billion individuals own cellular phones, yes that is two 2,000,000,000! For the most part they are inexpensive and are depicted as glamorous because the user can personalize...
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...introduction In the modern world everything becomes close to everyone because of the improvement in the science & technology and also in the research & development. Innovation of new product changes the life style of common man. in the dynamic environment it has become essential to have competitive edge over others in every sphere of life. Faster mode of communication for any purpose can provide a solution for this A Few years back the telephone was considered to be an extra ordinary thing & status symbol; but now most of the people are using basic telephone services & also mobile phone has become a part of day today life. In India cellular phones were introduced in mid of the nineties in the metro cities but now most of the towns are connected by cellular network including remote villages. The overcoming of communication barriers has helped everyone to grow relationship with others. Information & ideas are being exchanged at a faster rate in order to update & enrich & leading them to prosperity. Customer Satisfaction Though customer’s bye an industrial machinery or consumer product or service oriented products they all expect certain level of satisfaction of particular needs. This needs-based satisfaction will depend upon customer’s perception of product or service performance. The satisfaction derived will be in proportion to the difference between actual performance and perceived performance of a product. The lower the difference...
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...the human body. B. Children are at much higher risk than adults of experiencing health problems related to regular exposure to radio frequency radiation; thinner and smaller skulls translate to greater absorption of radio frequency. III. People tend to abuse cell phone technology to cheat. A. Students tend to use the internet on there cell phone to cheat while doing test. B. Sending text messages with questions, answers, or pop quiz warning. IV. Texting while driving causes many accidents. A. Driver distraction is one of the leading causes of motor vehicle accidents. One of the fastest growing and most problematic of driver distraction is text messaging. B. Texting while driving is extremely dangerous, as well as negligent. When vehicle accidents linked to texting cause a traumatic brain injury or other bodily harm, there may be grounds for a personal injury or lawsuit for fatal injury for compensation for traumatic brain injuries. V. Refutation: Using cell phones are dangerous! A. Present safety norms are contradicted by scientific evidence. Researcher indicates that much weaker radiation than what is allowed in mobile and cordless phones may have harmless effects. B. Radio frequency radiation is from cell phones is non-ionizing and is not powerful enough to cause cancer. VI. Conclusion. A. Overall I believed that cell phone are...
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...Zero ANSWER: C.3 54. To least the fault of the given line, a signal is fed to the line, 30 µs later the signal returned. What is the distance of the fault? A. 9000 m B. 300 m C. 100 m D. 4500 m ANSWER: D. 4500 m 55. The telephone set is powered by the central office on the ring side at A. 42 to 52 Vdc B. – 42 to -52 Vdc C. 24 to 64 Vdc D. – 24 to – 64 Vdc...
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...NT1310:Week 1 Telecommunications By: Kenneth Martin You are an IT Network Specialist and are required to develop the design of the company’s telephone system for its new building which will begin construction in a few months. In order to get a background which will help when developing the new system, your supervisor asked you to research the current Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) currently used by the company. You must research the system components and report back to your supervisor , the Telecommunications Manager, within a week. 1. Describe a local land line phone system based on the following Landline Telephone Components: a. Local Loop a local loop is the wired connection from a telephone company's central office in a locality to its customers' telephones at homes and businesses. This connection is usually on a pair of copper wires called twisted pair. The system was originally designed for voice transmission only using analog transmission technology on a single voice channel. Today, your computer's modem makes the conversion between analog signals and digital signals. With Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), the local loop can carry digital signals directly and at a much higher bandwidth than they do for voice only. b. Central Office In telephone communication in the United States, a central office (CO) is an office in a locality to which subscriber home and business lines are connected on what is called a local...
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...means of any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writing, images and sounds or intelligence or information of any nature, by wire, radio, optical, visual or other electromagnetic means or systems, including the related transfer or assignment of the right to use capacity for such transmission, emission or reception by a person who has been granted a licence under the first proviso to sub-section (1) of section 4 of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 (13 of 1885 ) and includes— (i) voice mail, data services, audio tex services, video tex services, radio paging; (ii) fixed telephone services including provision of access to and use of the public switched telephone network for the transmission and switching of voice, data and video, inbound and outbound telephone service to and from national and international destinations; (iii) cellular mobile telephone services including provision of access to and use of switched or non-switched networks for the transmission of voice, data and video, inbound and outbound roaming service to and from national and international destinations. (iv) carrier services including provision of wired or wireless facilities to originate, terminate or transit calls, charging for interconnection, settlement or termination of domestic or international calls, charging for...
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...Research on Mobile Phones Effects Dr. Abdullah AlOrainy Inst. of Electronics Research, KACST P. O. Box: 230471, Riyadh 11321, Saudi Arabia E-mail: alorainy@kacst.edu.sa ABSTRACT The use of mobile phones always accompanied by the issue of health implications for human. Previous research studies show no evidence of the impacts of mobile phones to human health. New studies suggest that mobile radiation might double the risk of developing cancer on the side of the head used, increase brain activity, can cause damage to nerves around ears and, more importantly, damages the BBB. Also new research shows that biological effects are possible without any warming of tissues which impose of the current radiation exposure levels. KEYWORDS Mobile Radiation, Health Effects INTRODUCTION There are now about 1 Billion mobile phones in use worldwide, and it is expected to reach 1.6B lines by year 2005. In many countries, penetration rates of more than %50 has been reached. At present, there are approximately 4.5 million GSM subscribers in Saudi Arabia and STC has commissioned Ericsson and Nokia to expand its GSM network to 5.5 million lines (~ %20 penetration rate). This wide use of mobile technology have often raise the question about if there are health implications for human. In fact, there are conflicting reports relating to possible health effects from mobile phones and base stations. In April 2000, an independent expert group in UK has issued a report on Mobile phone effects on health based on...
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...Disruptive Marketing is Innovative and Boon to the Consumers - a Conceptual Thought Article by Dr. Maruthi Ram. R. Professor and Head – MBA (BU), DSCMIT, Bengaluru Co-Authors Manjunatha.N. Research Scholar, University of Mysore, And Lecturer, NCET, Bengaluru and Shashikala.R. Asst. Professor, DSCMIT, Bengaluru Submitted to DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT PROGRAM CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES BENGALURU For NATIONAL LEVEL CONFERENCE on “Disruptive Marketing — The Way Forward?” 27th April, 2012 Disruptive Marketing is Innovative and Boon to the Consumers - A Conceptual Thought Introduction Human beings are a very special creation of God. It is this creature that could think compared to the many other creatures in the world. Man can even think of innovative ideas and also implement the same for his convenient living. The good old saying quotes “Necessity is the mother of invention”, has embedded a detailed meaning in it. If we take the example of the invention of the “WEEL” by the ancient man of the Stone Age man we can really understand how innovative in the thinking of Man. The other invention of human beings is the formation of fire. These are a few examples and the list goes on and on. Disruptive Marketing The contemporary world is of the highest civilization this universe has ever witnessed. The innovative mind of human beings has unfolded itself into multifold activity and taken different shapes. In fact the changes that have taken...
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...land line phone system based on the following Landline Telephone Components: a. Local Loop The local loop is the physical wiring that connects you to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). This line can be a voice line, or it can be a data line. The physical wiring for the local loop consists of a pair of twisted copper wires that run from the telephone company's central office to the subscriber's premise and another pair of twisted copper wires that run back to the telephone company's Central Office1 b. Central Office A Central Office is part of the telephone network in your area. It is a building in which the phone lines in your home or office terminate and connect to a much larger switching system. In large metropolitan areas, Central Offices are more appropriately LOs (local offices), because they serve a local area. The term "Central Office" is from the early days of the telephone system when the local telephone company really did have only one central office in each area.1 c. Local Exchanges A telephone exchange is a telecommunications system used in the public switched telephone network or in large enterprises. An exchange consists of electronic components and in older systems also human operators that interconnect (switch) telephone subscriber lines or virtual circuits of digital systems to establish telephone calls between subscribers. Also referred to as the Central office. d. POP In the telephone system, the point where either an LEC or a long-distance...
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...all interactions involved are of crucial importance. Background of the Study Today’s globalised information driven economy this can also comprise issues like • How other customers or influencing groups perceive the product or brand • The degree to which the customer feels the actual marketing campaign addresses the most important issues • Responsiveness and service quality of any affiliates, e.g. distribution partners Customer perceptions are dynamic. First of all, with the developing relationship between customer and company, his perceptions of the company and its products or services will change. INDUSTRY PROFILE INDIAN TELECOM AND CELLULAR INDUSTRY The telecom industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. India has nearly 200 million telephone lines making it the third largest network in the world 2cr China and USA. With a growth rate of 45%, Indian telecom industry has the highest...
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