Effects of Vermicast and Chicken Dung Mixed with Vermicast as Organic Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of String Beans in Liloy National High School During the Months of July-October 2013
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EFFECTS OF VERMICAST AND CHICKEN DUNG MIXED
WITH VERMICAST AS ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON
THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRING BEANS
IN LILOY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
DURING THE MONTHS OF
JULY-OCTOBER 2013
A Research Paper
Presented To
Dr. Leah A. Gumela
Liloy National High School
Liloy, Zamboanga del Norte
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements in Research II
By
Group 6
Zennia Mae S. Ramirez
Christine Ann L. Villarin
Eusebio P. Gamil jr.
Glomark O. Pahignalo
Glenda D. Daarol
IV - Newton
October, 2013
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Introduction
Nowadays, expensive chemical fertilizers are mostly used by farmers, but there are organic fertilizers which are very useful to crops that would give better results than chemical fertilizer and can conserve soil. With this, the researchers choose to conduct this study that aims to determine the effects of chicken dung and vermicast as organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of string beans. Chicken dung and vermicast are the two organic fertilizers use in the study. It will be applied to the string beans, and the growth and yield of the string beans will be observed in order to know the effects of chicken dung and vermicast on the string beans. The study will be beneficial to farmers, gardeners, local government unit such as DENR, DA, families who have gardens in their backyards and also those who love gardening. This will elevate family income to farmers and gardeners. This promotes healthy lifestyle because vegetables which are produced are chemical free. The researchers choose to conduct this study in order to have a clearer and deeper understanding on the use of chicken dung and vermicast as organic fertilizer and its effect on the growth and yield of plants. The study will also be a great help in promoting chicken dung.
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Statement of the Problem
The main purpose of the study is to determine the yield and growth of string beans after applying vermicast and chicken dung mixed with vermicast.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the effect of chicken dung mixed with vermicast as organic fertilizer on the growth of string beans?
2. What is the effect of vermicast as organic fertilizer on the growth of string beans?
3. What is the effect of chicken dung mixed with vermicast as organic fertilizer on the yield of string beans?
4. What is the effect of vermicast as organic fertilizer on the yield of string beans?
5. Is there a significant difference between the growth of string beans using vermicast and chicken dung mixed with vermicast as organic fertilizer?
6. Is there a significant difference between the yield of string beans using vermicast and chicken dung mixed with vermicast as organic fertilizer?
Null Hypothesis
1. There is no significant difference between the growth of string beans using vermicast and chicken dung mixed with vermicast.
2. There is no significant difference between the yield of string beans using vermicast and chicken dung mixed with vermicast.
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Significance of the Study
The study aims to find out the effects of vermicast and chicken dung mixed with vermicast as organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of string beans. The study will be also a significant endeavor in promoting the two organic fertilizers in improving the performance of string beans (Phaseolous vulgaris). This study may also be beneficial to the farmers, local government units/DENR, students and teachers who have garden in schools and people who love gardening.
By understanding the needs nowadays of these said beneficiaries, they will be assured of a great advantage in using vermicast and chicken dung mixed with vermicast as organic fertilizers of string beans instead of inorganic or commercial fertilizers. Using chicken dung as an organic fertilizer for crops or trees will provide a portion, or all of the plant requirements. It is a useful source of nitrogen, the main nutrient that plants need for green leafy growth. It also adds organic matter and increases the water holding capacity and beneficial biota in soil. And using vermicast as an organic fertilizer will reduced level of contaminants and a higher saturation of nutrients than organic materials before vermi composting. It also contains worm mucus which helps prevent nutrients for washing away with the first watering and holding moisture better than plain soil.
This research will provide recommendation on how to use chicken dung and vermicast as an organic fertilizer in accordance to high growth and yield of string beans. Moreover, this study also serve as a future reference for researchers on the subject on
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promoting and using organic fertilizer to decrease the use of commercial inorganic fertilizer which cause much expenses.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of vermicast and chicken dung mixed with vermicast to the growth and yield of string beans. This study investigated the performance of the 10 selected string beans plants which are applied with chicken dung mixed with vermicast and 10 applied with vermicast as organic fertilizer.
The study will be conducted during the months of July to October school year 2013 in the Gulayan sa paaralan in Liloy National High School, Liloy, Zamboanga del Norte.
The height of plants will be measured to the stage where it will start to bear fruit. Then the fruit will be harvested and weighed when the pods reach 6 to 9 inches in length and thickness of a pencil. The fruit will be harvested in the afternoon or after the morning dew and when the plants are thoroughly dry.
Definition of terms
Bamboo. A long stick that supports the string beans.
Bolo. A hand tool, used to dig soil.
Chicken Dung. An organic waste of chickens. It is used as organic fertilizer applied on the string beans plants mixed with the vermicast.
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Garden soil. A fertile soil where the string beans seed are planted.
Growth. Refers to the height of the string beans which is measured weekly.
Meter stick. Is a measuring device used in measuring the height of the string beans.
String beans. Is a leguminous plant with indeterminate growth habit. It is the plant used in the study and is being applied with the two organic fertilizer.
Vermicast. Is the casting of worms. It is used as organic fertilizer applied on the string beans.
Weighing scale. A measuring device used to measure the weight of vermicast and chicken dung to be applied and the yield of string beans.
Yield. Refers to the total weight of string beans pod harvested.
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This study aims to determine the effects of chicken dung and vermicast on the growth and yield of string beans.
This diagram shows the relationship between the variables used in the study.
Independent Variable DependentVariable
Output
Figure 1.Paradigm of the Study
CHAPTER II
RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Related Literature
Bean is the common name for several leguminous plants, family leguminous, and their seeds and for several other unrelated species. Many beans are exceptionally good sources of vegetable protein and are important food staples. The plants are annuals with a determinate (bush-type) or indeterminate (twinning or pole-type) growth habit. The leaves have three leaflets; the flowers are of many colors; and the fruit is a legume, or pod containing several white, red or dark seeds. The pod may be round, oval or flat in shape and green, yellow or red in color. The best known new world species is the common snap or kidney bean, Phaseolus Vulgaris. Forms include snap beans, which are consumed as the immature beans which are used in the mature, dry form. String, string less and wax beans are varieties of the snap bean. (Lorimer et.al, Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge).
These string beans are a popular garden plant that requires very little maintenance and will yield abundantly. They are a summer plant and have little tolerance for the cold temperature of late spring and early autumn. (Smith, 2013)
String beans have shallow and fairly week root systems, so growers practice frequent, shallow cultivation and hosing to keep small weeds and grasses under control. Deep
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cultivation can injure the plant roots and delay harvests or reduce harvest yields. (Rics.ucdavis.edu/postharvest 2/Produce/Produce Facts/Veg/Snapbeans.shtml)
Harvesting of string beans take place when pods are firm, crisp and fully elongated, but before the seed within the pod has developed completely. Beans are generally picked in the afternoon or after the morning dew and when the plants are thoroughly dry, as the moisture can spread bean bacterial blight, a disease that seriously damages plant. The beans themselves are usually 6-9 inches long depending on the variety. Most varieties are ready to be harvested 50-65 days after planting. (rics.ucdavis.edu/postharvest 2/produce/produce facts/veg/snapbeans.shtml)
The growth and yield of string beans will depend on the organic fertilizers that will be use in the study. One of the organic fertilizers is chicken dung.
Chicken dung or chicken manure is a chicken excreta used as an organic fertilizers for crops or trees that may provide a portion, or all, of the plant requirement. It is a useful source of nitrogen, the main nutrient that plants need for green leafy growth. It also contains all 13 of the essential plants nutrients that are use by plants. These include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, manganese, copper, zinc, chlorine, boron, iron and molybdenum.
Mountey (1983) reported that if poultry manure is stored, nutrient losses occur and handling cost increases. The nitrogen availability is too quick that, if care is not taken
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burning occurs. Fresh poultry manure is difficult to handle because of its high water content and cannot be applied to crops due to caustic effects or foliage.
According to McCall (1914), “the composition of chicken dung caries according to the age of chicken dung, moisture content and age of the manure, kind and amount of litter, and storage and handling practices. He also reported that those manures that are several years old have little nutritive value, but they serve as excellent organic soil amendments.
Another organic fertilizer used in vermicast. Vermicast, also known as worm castings, worm humus or worm manure, is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by species of earth-worm (Eudrilus Eugenae). These castings have been shown to contain reduced levels of contaminants and a higher saturation of nutrients than organic materials before composting (Ndegwa, et.al, Bioresorce Technology, 1998).
The worm casting also contain worm mucus which helps prevent nutrients for washing away with the first watering and holds moisture better than plain soil. (Nancarrow, the Worm Book, 1998)
Vermicast is also produced by the feeding action of earthworms. Earthworms ingest organic matter, fragmenting and grinding it into a finely divided peat like material with high porosity, aeration, drainage, and water holding capacity. This process enhances microbial activity and accelerates the rate of decomposition. This leads to a humification effect where unstable organic matter or decomposing plant and animal matter is oxidized
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and stabilized. As a fertilizer, vermicast contains nutrients in a form that are readily taken up by plants such as nitrates, exchangeable phosphorus, soluble potassium, calcium and magnesium. (Revitalfert.co.nz/revital-products/revital-vermiculture/what-is-vermicast).
Related Studies
A study on the effects of application rates using chicken manure –enhanced soil fertility and productivity was conducted by Dikinya and Mufwanzala (2010). The study was undertaken to assess the effect of chicken manure on soil chemical properties and yield of spinach (Spinacia Oleracea). The results indicate an increase of spinach yield with poultry manure.
Another study was done by Natchimutu and Thilagavalthy (2009) about the effect of application of vermicast as Layering Media for an Ornamental Plant, Codiiueum Variegatum (L) which is related to the present study. Their study found out that the rooting initiation, root length, number of roots developed, fresh weight and dry weight of the roots of C. variegatum were higher in vermicast plus Peat Moss and also Vermicast alone used as layering media than Peat Moss.
Orodio (1984) did an experimental study at Bacnotan, La Union, Philippines regarding the growth and yield of soybeans (Glycine max) intercopped with Narra saplings as affected by varying rates of chicken manure. Her study revealed that the application of 444.44 kg/hectare registered the tallest, produced the most number of nodules/plant; the most number of pods/plant and highest average yield/soybean plant.
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Jose (1984) made a thesis on the performance of sweet peeper planted under giant ipil-ipil as affected by varying rates of chicken manure. The study was conducted to determine which of varying rates of chicken manure would result to the best growth and yield of sweet pepper planted under giant ipil-pil trees. The results of her study showed that the application of 35g of chicken manure had the most number of fruits per plant and highest computed yield per hectare.
Another study was conducted by Edwards and Arancon (2005) which is related to the present study. Their study was about the effects of vermicast on plant growth. Both of them found out that the vermicast applied at very low rates can significantly increase growth and yields of highly valuable vegetable and fruit crops in the field. The effects of vermicast on plants are not solely attributed to the quality of mineral nutrition is provided but also to its growth regulating components such as plant growth hormones and humic acids.
The studies of Orodio, Jose, Edwards and Arancon are related to the present work since the study also uses vermicast and chicken manure/dung as organic fertilizers.
A study of growth, yield and seed quality of two snap beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) varieties as affected by irrigation frequency and fertilizer materials was made by Hoque (1998) at La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines. His findings revealed that the application of inorganic fertilizer plus chicken manure at 1ton/ha and supplemental Nutraphos Super K at 3 or 5 kg/ha significantly increased plant height and leaf areaindex,
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improved visual quantity of pods/ increased the percentage of normal seedlings and increased the dry seed yield per plant. The best treatment combination for enhancing the higher green pod yield and net benefit cost ratio is with alno irrigated at pre emergence, seedlings, flowering and pod chicken manure at 1ton/ha and 5 kg/ha Nutraphos Super K. Higher seed yield and higher profit in seed production were affected by weekly irrigation and application of inorganic fertilizer, chicken manure at 1ton/ha and Nutraphos Super K 5 kg/ha for alno and 3kg/ha for burik.
This study is related to the present work because it studies the growth and yield of snap bean.
CHAPTER III
METHODS OF RESEARCH AND PROCEDURE
Methods of Research
Experimental research is the art of planning and implementing and experiment in which the research has control over some of the conditions where the study takes place and control over some aspects of the independent variable(s). Experimental research is used in the study to investigate to cause-effect relation of the two variables.
Since the present study is all about the effect of chicken dung and vermicast to the growth and yield of string beans, the experimental research is the most appropriate and best method to be used.
Materials:
Chicken dung Weighing scale Garden Soil
Vermicast Meter stick Bamboo Stick
Procedure:
1. Prepare all the materials needed.
2. Gather 2.5 kg of chicken dung and vermicast.
3. Select twenty plants of string beans and water it daily to moisten the soil.
4. Apply 250g of chicken dung and vermi cast to each of the 10 selected string beans plants for vermin cast, as 2-3 leaves appear on the plants.
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5. Measure the height of each string beans plants using meter stick after one week of applying the two organic fertilizers.
6. Weigh the harvested string beans from other plants using weighing scale.
7. Record properly and separately the weekly height and weekly yield of the string beans plants w/ chicken dung and vermicast.
a. Note: Measure the plant on the same day every week.
8. Do these until all the beans stop bearing fruits.
Statistical Treatment of the Data To interpret the data gathered and to answer the specific questions formulated the following statistical tools were used:
1) To answer problems number 1 to 2 simple additions and mean is used.
2) To determine the significant difference on the growth and yield of string beans using vermicast and vermicast mixed with chicken dung in Liloy National High School, t-test was used.
Formula:
t= X1 – X2 √ SS1 + SS2 1 1 n1 + n2 - 2 n1 n2
Where:
t= the t-test x1= the mean of group 1 x2= the mean of group 2 15 SS1= the sum of squares of group 1 SS2= the sum of squares of group 2 n1=the number of observations in group 1 n2=the number of observations in group 2
Sampling Design
This research study is all about the effects of vermi cast and chicken dung mixed with vermi cast as organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of string beans. The study aims to determine the performance of string beans after being applied with the two organic fertilizers.
In connection with this, quota sampling is used. Specified numbers of string beans are being selected and amount of fertilizers applied. There were overall 20 selected string beans. Ten string beans were selected to be applied with 250g of vermicast only and the other 10 were applied by the mixture of vermicast and chicken dung of the same amount. The plants will be applied once a month.
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the data that are essential in the study. The data are presented in tabular and textual forms in the following order: 1. Height of string beans using vermicast as organic fertilizer (x1) 2. Height of the string beans applied with chicken dung mixed with vermicast (x2) 3. The weekly average height of string beans applied with vermicast and chicken dung mixed with vermicast 4. The weight of the harvested fruit of string beans applied with vermicast (y1) 5. The weight of the harvested fruit of string beans applied with chicken dung mixed with vermicast (y2) 6. The weekly average weight of string beans applied with vermicast (y1) and chicken dung mixed with vermicast(y2).
The table 4 shows the weight of harvested fruits of string beans .The plant with the heaviest fruits is plant 8 and plant 7 is the lightest harvested fruits among all the plants. The average weights of each string bean are completely different from each other. The third week of harvesting of fruits appears to be the lowest average weight of the string beans fruits followed by second week and first week. The fourth week occurs to be the highest average weight and all the plants also bear fruits.
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TABLE 5
THE WEIGHT OF THE HARVESTED FRUIT OF STRING BEANS APPLIED WITH CHICKEN DUNG MIXED WITH VERMICAST (y)
The table 5 shows the weight of the harvested fruits of string beans applied with the mixture of chicken dung and vermicast. The plant with the heaviest harvested fruits is plant 9 with an average weight of 18.25g. And plant 3 is the lightest fruit with an average weight of 3g only. The cause of the results is the application of vermicast mixed with chicken dung. The average weights are slightly different with each other. There
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were some plants in the first, second and third week which didn’t bear fruits. The first week of harvesting produces the highest average weight of harvested string beans fruits and the lowest appears to be the third week. The average weekly weights of the fruits are slightly the same.
TABLE 6
THE WEEKLY AVERAGE WEIGHT OF STRING BEANS APPLIED WITH VERMICAST (Y1) AND STRING BEANS APPLIED WITH VERMICAST MIXED WITH CHICKEN DUNG (Y2)
AVERAGE WEIGHT OF STRING BEANS APPLIED WITH VERMICAST (Y1) AND STRING BEANS APPLIED WITH VERMICAST (Y2)
The value obtained is 0.41. This represents marked or moderate relationship. This means that if the height of the x-variable is tall the height of the y-variable is also tall and if the height of the x-variable is short, the height of y-variable is also short. In other words, if the height of the string beans applied with vermicast increases, the height of the string beans applied with the combination of the vermicast and chicken dung also
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increases. And if it decreases the other one also decreases. The two variables are directly proportional to each other.
AVERAGE WEIGHT OF STRING BEANS APPLIED WITH VERMICAST (Y1) AND STRING BEANS APPLIED WITH VERMICAST MIXED WITH CHICKEN DUNG (Y2)
The value obtained is 0.33. This represents low or slight correlation. This means that there if the height of the x-variable is tall the y-variable is also tall and if the height
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of the x-variable is low, the growth of y-variable is also low. The two variables are directly proportional.
All the selected 20 string beans are being applied with equal amount of both organic fertilizers. But the average height and weight of plants with the application of vermicast are much higher than the mixture of vermicast and organic fertilizers. The dependent variables are very different from each other. The plant with vermicast is always taller and heavier. They bear a lot more fruit and grow faster compared to the other fertilizer. They may vary from each other but they are both affected by the same amount of sunlight and water. Vermicast as organic fertilizer is more effective to use and gives a much better outcome rather than the chicken dung mixed with vermicast fertilizer. It is also concluded that it’s not appropriate to combine chicken dung and vermicast as fertilizer on the plants.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
The research study is all about determining the effects of vermicast applied to 10 selected string beans and chicken dung mixed with vermicast to the other 10 selected string beans in terms of the plants growth and yield. The study was conducted from July to October 2013 in the Liloy National High School’s garden. The purpose of the study is to help the mankind, to lessen the use of expensive chemical fertilizers and also to have a bigger income to the people and families who have gardens, gardeners and most especially the farmers. It seeks to answers the following questions:
1. What is the effect of chicken dung mixed with vermicast as organic fertilizer on the growth of string beans?
2. What is the effect of vermicast as organic fertilizer on the growth of string beans?
3. What is the effect of chicken dung mixed with vermicast as organic fertilizer on the yield of string beans?
4. What is the effect of vermicast as organic fertilizer on the yield of string beans?
5. Is there a significant difference between the growth of string beans using vermicast and chicken dung mixed with vermicast as organic fertilizer?
6. Is there a significant difference between the yield of string beans using vermicast and chicken dung mixed with vermicast as organic fertilizer?
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Researchers used the method of experimental research and pearson product- moment correlation and t-test for the statistical research. As for the sampling design, quota sampling is used.
The string beans which are applied with vermicast have bigger leaves and longer stems. While string beans applied with two organic fertilizers have smaller leaves and shorter stems. The harvested pods of the string beans with vermicast are longer and thicker compared to the pods of the string beans with vermicast mixed with chicken dung. Both plants are inhabited by pests like ants. The plants are equally provided with the same amount of sunlight and are watered daily.
SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS
By conducting an experimental study which is all about the effects of vermicast and vermicast mixed with chicken dung on the growth and yield of string beans, there are several findings which were collected by the researchers:
1. The string beans with vermicast are always taller. The plants grow faster and The string beans with the mixture of vermicast and chicken dung are shorter and it
2. The string beans with the mixture of vermicast and chicken dung are shorter. The plants are slightly slow to grow.
3. The string beans with vermicast mixed with chicken dung did not bear a lot of fruits.
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4. The string beans with vermicast bear a lot more fruit. The pods or fruits are thicker and longer.
5. The average weight of the string beans applied with vermicast is 16.28g.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the study the following are being concluded:
1) Vermicast is more appropriate to use for the excellent growth of the string beans rather than using the mixture of chicken dung and vermicast.
2) The weight of the string beans applied with vermicast is heavier than the weight of the string beans with vermicast mixed with chicken dung. Using vermicast as organic fertilizer on the plant is much better to use to have plenty of harvested fruits rather than using vermicast mixed with chicken dung .
RECOMMENDATION
From the findings and conclusions, the research study highly recommends the following:
1. The application of vermicast as organic fertilizer to the plants instead of the mixture of the chicken dung and vermicast.
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2. The continuous use of vermicast by the farmers, gardeners, local government units/DENR, teachers and students who have gardens and especially people who love gardening in order for them to have an effective and satisfied result as well as helping in reducing the use of commercial fertilizers which cause them large expenses.
3. Not to mix the vermicast and chicken dung together as organic fertilizer.
4. To conduct a further research or study to other places and plants for additional information and other future references.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Books
Lorimer, et.al .Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge Volume 17 Danbury Connecticut,
USA. Grolier Incorporated, 1993.
Nancarrow, et.al. The Worm Book: The Complete Guide to Gardening and
Composting with Worms Ten Speed Press, 1998
Ndegwa, et.al. Bioresource Technology, 1998
B. Article
Smith, S.E. “What are navy beans?”, 2013.
C.) Published Thesis/Dissertation
Dikinya, Oagile and Nasiku Mufwanzala. “Chicken manure-enhanced soil fertility and productivity: Effects of application rates”. Published Thesis, University of Botswana. Gaborone, Botswana, 2010.
Edwards, Clive and Norman Arancon. “Effects of Vermicast on Plant Growth”. Published Thesis, Ohio State University, Los Baños, Laguna, 2005.
Hoque, A.M.G. “Growth, Yield and Seed Quality of Two Snapbeans (Phaseolus Vulgaris
31 L.) Varieties as Affected by Irrigation Frequency and Fertilizer Materials”. Published Disseration, Benguet state University, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines, 1998.
Jose, Jocelyn E. “Performance of Sweet Pepper (Var. California Wonder) Planted Under Giant Ipil-ipil as affected by Varying Rates of Children Manure”. Published Thesis, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union, Philippines 1984.
McCall, Wade. “Chicken Manure”. Published Thesis, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, Hawaii, 1980.
Mountey, G.J. “Poultry products Technology”. The AVI Publishing Co. Inc, 1983.
Natchimuthu, Karmegam and Daniel Thilagavathy. “Effect of Application of Vermicasts as Layering Media for an Ornamental Plant, Codiaeum Variegatum (L.) Bl. Published Thesis, Vinayaka Missions University, Tamil Nadu, India, 2009.
Orodio, Regina O. “Growth and Yield of Soybeans (Glycine max) Intercropped with Narra Saplings as affected by Varying Rates of Children Manure”. Published Thesis, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union, Philippines 1984.
D.) Websites
rxy= 0.41 – represents marked or moderate relationship.
This means that there if the height of the x-variable is high the growth of the y-variable is also high and if the height of the x-variable is low, the growth of y-variable is also low.
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APPENDIX D
COMPUTATION FOR THE WEEKLY AVERAGE WEIGHT (y)AND HEIGHT(x) OF STRING BEANS APPLIED WITH VERMICAST MIXED WITH CHICKEN DUNG.
This means that there if the height of the x-variable is high the y-variable is low and if the height of the x-variable is low, the growth of y-variable is high.
