...Distribution in Indonesia 1 Kunta W.D. Nugraha PhD Candidate in Economics, Faculty of Business and Government, University of Canberra, Australia (Kunta.Nugraha@canberra.edu.au) Phil Lewis Professor of Economics, Centre for Labour Market Research, University of Canberra, Australia (Phil.Lewis@canberra.edu.au) ABSTRACT Even though Indonesia has experienced high economic growth around 5 percent since 2000, many people are still living in poverty. To be able to effectively use taxes as a redistribution tool, it is important to understand which segments of the population are most affected by government taxation. This paper evaluates household income, income tax and income distribution in Indonesia. Income distribution is measured by both the Gini coefficient and dispersion of household income groups. A broad definition of household income, including both cash and non-cash income is used to obtain more an accurate measure of actual income affecting living standards. Household income is defined as market income, net income and actual income. Transfer in-kind and consumption of own production are added on household income to obtain actual income. We find that income distribution improves after accounting for income tax and after addition of transfer in-kind and consumption of own production in household income. The results suggest that using only market income to measure income distribution in Indonesia is misleading. The results are highly relevant to Indonesia‟s policy makers...
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...Universal healthcare coverage in Indonesia One year on January 2015 Written and produced by www.eiu.com/healthcare an Economist Intelligence Unit business healthcare Universal healthcare coverage in Indonesia— One year on Contents Abbreviations 5 Introduction 6 Indonesia’s version of Universal Healthcare: What is the JKN? What about the KIS? 8 Challenges with Indonesia’s version of Universal Healthcare 12 Teething problems—A short-term affair? 12 Balancing the budget—Fiscal sustainability 13 Chronic undersupply—Another barrier to providing truly comprehensive services 15 How should the healthcare industry prepare in the short to medium term? 17 Healthcare service providers: Pockets of opportunity 17 Med-tech and pharma: Spotting opportunities and tailoring product offerings 19 © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2015 1 Universal healthcare coverage in Indonesia— One year on Foreword Ivy Teh, Managing Director at Clearstate, an Economist Intelligence Unit business. 2014 marked a watershed year for Indonesia, the world’s fourth populous country, with the election of the popular reformist politician, Mr. Joko Widodo, as its president. The year also saw the rollout of the long-delayed universal healthcare scheme (UHC). Indonesia intends to phase-in the world’s largest single player health care insurance program from 2014 to 2019, reaching universal coverage for all Indonesians...
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...10/10/2012 6TH Syndicate- Executive 47 Syndicate- Group Report : Yamaha Indonesia (a) Positioning and Launching Automatic Motorcycles in Indonesia (b) Nouvo and Mio Market Position Presented by : • Mars Ega L P • Muhamad Daud Fahreza • Hely Herlina Ayudia • Dian Agustina • Arlandiyana (29112039) (29112134) (29112130) (29112112) (29112113) Company Profile Yamaha Motor, Co. Ltd. Established : in 1955 Motorcycles Power boats Marine Engines Products ATV Snowmobile Automobile engines Swimming pools Musical instruments 13% Company guiding phylosophy KANDO Consolidate Revenue 2005 other 27% Motorcycle 55% marine products 18% Revenue by Region 9% 32% 22% 24% Japan other North America Asia Europe In 2006 : Has 60 Factories in 35 countries 40.000 employee worldwide 1 10/10/2012 Motorcycle Industry The world’s principal motorcycle manufacturers ◦ Honda Motor Co. Ltd ◦ Yamaha Motor Co. Ltd ◦ Suzuki Motor Corporation Indonesia Motorcycle deliver by Manufacturer 2002 Suzuki 19% Yamaha 16% Kawasaki 2% Vespa 0% Honda 63% Motorcycle Industry Classified of motorcycles ◦ Engine type 2-stroke engines Lighter, mechanically simpler and more powerful in peak operation 4-stroke engines Cleaner, more reliable and more powerful over a broader range of engine speeds ◦ Engine size measured in cubic centimeters (cc) began in 50++ to 100++ 2 10/10/2012 Motorcycle Industry Classified of motorcycles (cont) ◦ Engine transmission Manual transmission - Required the rider to...
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...1. Introduction and Background of Budget The Capital Budget of the public sector or sometimes also known as Public Budget concerns how the government plans its revenues and expenditures at the Federal level, State level, and Local government level, to carter for the needs of its development programs and projects. In a democratic society, the division of resources between the public and private sectors is roughly determined by the desires of the electorate. But because it’s such a complex and time-consuming task to acquire adequate political information, the electorate is chronically ignorant. Since the Revolutionary War, democratic system of governance has forever been looking for better ways to inform the public and to design more sophisticated techniques for deciding how best to allocate scarce public resources. Despite the good sense it makes to “budget to a plan”, public expenditures are frequently approved based on who supports what, rather than on a clear understanding of what exactly the expenditures will accomplish. Public Budgeting is not about numbers; it is about making Democratic governance work. During the debates leading to the creation of the American Constitution, taxation and public expenditures were one of the driving forces leading to the creation of our peculiar and complex system of separation of powers and checks and balances. Our various state and local democratic constitutions give the executive branch the power to propose a budget and collect...
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...Indonesia Country Report Q1 2012 POLITICAL AND SOCIAL BACKGROUND Indonesia has excellent prospects for long term growth, based on macroeconomic stability, supported by strong domestic consumption and stable political conditions. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s reputation remains high in international circles, boosted by the country’s focus on re-establishing its leadership role within ASEAN and as the incoming Chair of APEC 2013. The country has a demonstrated desire to take on a global role by promoting itself as the world’s third largest democracy and largest moderate Muslim-majority country, but also as a new Asian economic powerhouse with stable economic growth and sound macroeconomic outlook. A more influential role in G20 highlights how Indonesia now is placed alongside giants China and India as one of the most important emerging economies in the world. Yudhoyono has two and a half years left in office and should further accelerate the reforms of the country, before his term ends in 2014. However, the most pressing reform on subsidised fuel price has yet again been postponed. In late March Indonesia’s revised 2012 budget was discussed in parliament. Following violent demonstrations, the President lost crucial support within his coalition failing to push the fuel price hike vote through parliament. The President’s Party has taken a hit in terms of popularity. A survey by the Indonesian Survey Institute showed that domestic support for the ruling Democratic Party...
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...Sarah Harmoun, Budi Hidayat, Edgar Janz, Jon Jellema, Hendratno Tuhiman, and Matthew Wai-Poi. The University of Gadjah Mada (UGM), Center for Public Policy Studies, implemented the baseline and final survey. The analysis for this evaluation was based on survey data that was collected and processed by some 860 enumerators and researchers. The survey work was led and overseen by Susan Wong. This report also draws from the findings of the resulting 2007 baseline survey report written by Robert Sparrow, Jossy Moeis, Arie Damayanti and Yulia Herawati. The Center for Health Research at the University of Indonesia, with the support of partner universities across the country, prepared a report in 2010 on the implementation of Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), based on qualitative and quantitative spot-checks of the program. In addition, SMERU, an independent research organization in Indonesia, provided complementary qualitative studies in 2007 and 2009. These excellent reports have contributed to efforts to better understand how PKH works and contribute to reform efforts. Their work complements the findings from this impact evaluation, providing inputs for policy makers responsible for oversight and expansion of the...
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...WHY AUSTRALIA BENCHMARK REPORT 2016 WHY AUSTRALIA 25 YEARS OF CONSECUTIVE GROWTH. A SMART, SKILLED WORKFORCE. A CULTURE OF INNOVATION. INTEGRATED WITH ASIA, EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA. READY FOR BUSINESS. GROWTH INNOVATION TALENT LOCATION BUSINESS Australia offers a powerful combination of solid economic credentials, a highly educated labour force, legal and political stability, and proximity to the fast-growing markets of Asia. With a resilient economy, a AAA sovereign risk profile and diverse, globally competitive industries, Australia remains well placed to build on an impressive record of prosperity. Australia has strong business and cultural ties with Asia, and longstanding trade, investment and research links in Europe and North America. Recently completed free trade agreements will make Australia even more competitive and further increase prospects for greater two-way investment. There are significant commercial opportunities in sectors where Australia has specific strengths and expertise, such as agribusiness, resources and energy, and financial services. Australia’s north in particular offers untapped possibilities. Australia’s world-class scientific and academic institutions, and commitment to research and development encourage innovation and the commercialisation of new technologies. There is no better partner for trade, investment and collaboration than Australia. 01 SECTION GROWTH // // Economic...
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...Table of Contents Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction Page 1 1.1 Company Profile Page 2 1.2 Product Profile Page 2 1.3 Company’s Aim and Vision Page 2 1.4 Scope of the Analysis Page 2 2.0 Geographic Location Page 3 3.0 Demographic Analysis Page 3 4.0 Economic Analysis Page 3 4.1 Macroeconomic Analysis Page 4 4.1.1 GDP and GDP Growth Page 4 4.1.2 GDP per capita and GDP per capita PPP Page 5 4.1.3 Income Distribution Page 5 4.1.4 Major Exports and Imports Page 5 4.2 Business Environment Page 6 4.2.1 East of Doing Business Page 6 4.2.2 Economic Freedom Page 7 4.2.3 Perceived Corruption Page 7 4.2.4 Tariffs and Trade Agreements Page 7 4.2.5 Competitive Analysis Page 8 4.3 Per Capita Spending Page 9 4.4 Technological and Physical Infrastructure Page 9 4.4.1 Transport Infrastructure Page 10 4.4.2 Physical Infrastructure Page 10 5.0 Social Characteristics and Market Potential Page 11 6.0 Political and Legal Environment Page 11 6.1 Political Risk Page 11 6.2 Legal Risk Page 11 7.0 Trade and Diplomatic Relations with Australia Page 12 8.0 Country of Choice Page 12 9.0 Mode of Entry Page 12 10.0 Conclusion Page 13 References Page 14 Executive Summary This report examines and assesses the market suitability of two countries for the company Octahedron’s SWIM software....
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...Foreign Direct Assessment: Analyzing the Mobility of FDI Models in Emerging Markets Kyle Himmelwright & Damian Zaccaria, Villanova Business School In this article, the authors will explore foreign direct investment in emerging markets. Applying a two prong investment model, they’ll assess three emerging Southeast Asian marketplaces; Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia. Additionally, they’ll explore the impact a variety of explicit and implicit factors have on the outcome. The research will indicate which of the three markets has the most potential for investment. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), emerging markets, investment, economic factors, growth, defense Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a prominent and growing role in the global marketplace. FDI is defined as an investment made by a company or entity based in another country. The investment provides the firm with an opportunity to access new markets and marketing channels, cheaper production facilities, access to new technology, products, skills and financing (Goingglobal.com 2015). Accurately assessing marketplace factors is essential when evaluating whether to invest in a foreign market, especially when it comes to making decisions requiring foresight and conviction. “The world is changing very fast. Big will not beat small anymore. It will be the fast beating the slow.” Rupert Murdoch’s quote concisely illustrates the current state of the global marketplace; it simply isn't as big as...
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...1.0 Question 1 Indonesia began a process of rapid government decentralization in 1999 from a formerly strong centralized government structure (Keith Green, 2009). According to Darmawan (2008), under former president Habibie, this reform process was conducted due to the introduction of new decentralization guidance in 2001 under Law 22/1999 on regional governments and Law 25/1999 on fiscal balance between the central and regional governments have changed the intergovernmental relations in Indonesia. Then, they were replaced by Law 32/2004 and Law 33/2004. The World Bank declared that decentralization is defined as “the transfer of authority and responsibility for public functions from the central government to intermediate and local governments or quasi-independent government organizations and/or the private sector”. Decentralization is also regarded as a way of diffusing social and political tensions and ensuring local cultural and political autonomy (Bardhan, 2002, p. 185). Local governments in Indonesia started to develop and to govern their regions by gaining huge transfer of authority and ability to make their own decision-making from central government with these laws. Indonesia begins with the components in political decentralization and then move forward to fiscal decentralization and finally the administrative decentralization. According to Cheema, Nellis and Rondinelli (1999), political decentralization aims to give citizens or their elected representatives more...
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...economic integration within ASEAN. A Community of Caring Societies - an ASEAN community conscious of its ties of history, aware of its cultural heritage and bound by a common regional identity, and lastly is An Outward-Looking ASEAN – playing a pivotal role in the international forum, and advancing ASEAN’s common interests. We envision ASEAN having an intensified relationship with its Dialogue Partners and other regional organization based on equal partnership and mutual respect. The challenges and purpose solutions There are four challenges that appear to the ASEAN Vision. The four challenges to the ASEAN vision is that some business people will lose out. This is will touch on the failure to achieve the failure to achieve the production efficiency. Second challenge of the ASEAN is lies in convincing the relevant agencies of each country to change their rules to facilitate capital flow. On this challenge, we will define the element that deal with the challenge, there are withholding tax and exchange control. The third challenge is the improving the professional standards across ASEAN. This is involve the accounting, auditing, valuation of real estate, standard of rating agencies, and other activities that support the financial...
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...and macroeconomic policy. In addition, this mini project are also able us to know the measurement of the standard living of a country in term of productivity, efficiency and effectiveness. Besides that, we are also able to determine what is measured by Gross Domestic Product, Inflation and etc as well as know how the government policy could contribute to improved productivity of the country. The picture below shows the brief idea how does Indonesia looks like. Picture 1: Tourism in Indonesia’s island Picture 2: Place to travel in Indonesia Picture 3: City in Indonesia Picture 4: Map of Indonesia Choose one country of the world The chosen country was Indonesia. The reason of Indonesia been chosen because Indonesia is given public an image that Indonesia is a lag behind country than other since there was a tragic event happened in Indonesia in the middle of 1997 all along. This causing Indonesian suffered a great deal and many of them have experienced a very large decline in their living standard. It was irony in Indonesia’s case seen a country that achieved decades of rapid growth, stability and poverty reduction, is now near economic collapse. No country in recent history like Indonesia, let alone one size of large land suffered such a dramatic reversal of fortune. Ten years ago, the Indonesia’s economy stalled. After occur case of riots in May...
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...Assignment 4 – Group Assignment Palm Oil Dilemma in Indonesia Natural Resource Economics 601 – Lecturer: John Karasinski Word Count – 2,016 (not including Tables and Figures) Aaron Smith: 1662 4483 Leonardo Molinari: 1728 4820 Reuben Dias:1313 9900 Group Assignment 2 Palm Oil Dilemma in Indonesia Executive Summary Indonesia’s GDP is estimated at $US868 billion in 2013, which classifies it as a lower middle income country. GDP growth has averaged almost 6% over the last decade with a population growth averaging at 1.4%. Indonesia’s population is expected to grow at an annual growth rate of 0.57% to over 271 million by 2030. Indonesia’s industrial sector largely dominates production, contributing over 48% to aggregate economic activity (including oil and gas which accounts for 10% of GDP). The palm oil industry has the potential to generate significant social and economic development in Indonesia. It is Indonesia’s largest agricultural export and provides income and economic development to the large proportion of rural poor Indonesia. In recent decades the global market for palm oil has seen exponential growth with current production estimated at over 45 million tons, with Indonesia being one of the world’s, largest producers and exporters, producing over 18 million tons of palm oil annually. Although only contributing 8 % to GDP, the palm oil plantations provide for around two thirds of rural household incomes. Over 41% of plantations were owned by small land...
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...educated developing countries. Its enrollment rates at all levels of education were higher than those of other countries with comparable, or even higher, income levels. But no longer. Any edge that the Philippines might have had in its human capital has eroded as more developing countries – Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam, as cases in point – have achieved higher enrollment rates even at the secondary level (figure 1). In addition, a large number of children who enter school do not reach the last grade in the cycle—about 30 percent of those who enter grade 1 and about 25 percent of those who enter first year high school. And since transition rates from elementary to high school are still low, the rate of high school completion for children who enter grade 1 is less than 50 percent. But much more troubling than lagging enrollment rates and completion levels is that students do not learn what they are supposed to in schools. One, Filipino eighth-graders performed dismally on international tests given in 1999, ranking 36th of 38 countries in math and science tests (Table 1). Table 1. Nearly last in student performance on mathematics and science tests: Ranking among 38 countries Mathematics score & Science score & rank rank Singapore 604 (1) 568 (2) Korea 587 (2) 549 (5) Taiwan 585 (3) 569 (1) Hong Kong 582 (4) 530 (15) Japan 579 (5) 550 (4) Malaysia 519 (16) 492 (22) Thailand 467 (27) 482 (24) Indonesia 403 (34) 435 (32) Philippines 348 (36) 345 (36) Data source: Trends...
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...sustain its business, and this becomes an interesting point of study. Therefore, by looking at the three topics, recruitment, selection and training; a wider understanding of the real case of PT Telkom will broaden the knowledge on the issue. * 23 Oktober 1856 - layanan jasa telegraf elektromagnetik Jakarta (Batavia) – Bogor (Buitenzorg) * 1961 - Perusahaan Negara Pos dan Telekomunikasi (PN Postel) * 1965 - PN Postel dipecah menjadi Perusahaan Negara Pos dan Giro (PN Pos & Giro) dan Perusahaan Negara Telekomunikasi (PN Telekomunikasi) * 1974 - PN Telekomunikasi diubah namanya menjadi Perusahaan Umum Telekomunikasi (Perumtel) * 1991 - Perumtel berubah bentuk menjadi Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero) Telekomunikasi Indonesia * 14 November 1995 -...
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