...EGT1 Task 1 Student ID: A1. To achieve profit maximization, we must understand that profit is equal to total revenue (TR) less total cost (TC). Profit maximization occurs once total revenue exceeds total cost. A2. Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue from the sale of one additional unit. Marginal cost is the change in total cost as output changes by one unit. Profit maximization occurs when marginal revenue and marginal cost are equal. B. Marginal revenue is calculated by taking the change in total revenue / the change in quantity. B1. In the given scenario, one must calculate how much Company A made in marginal revenue from each widget by dividing the total revenue received by the quantity of widgets sold. Based on the different output levels in the given scenario, one can determine that marginal revenue will steadily decrease. C. Marginal cost is calculated by taking the change in total cost / the change in quantity. C1. By dividing the total cost of each widget sold by the quantity of widgets sold in the given scenario, one can determine that marginal cost will steadily increase. D. In the given scenario, profit maximization occurs at the quantity of eight. This is the point where a variation in total revenue and total cost is $540. This is also the point where marginal revenue and marginal cost are equal. E. If marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost, it would result in a profit and larger quantities...
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...EGT1 – Task 1 6/5/14 In this essay I will define terms of economics and explain their relationships. How a profit maximizing firm determines the level of output & the reaction to the level of marginal revenue will also be explained. Profit maximization is the process which determines the price & output level which the most profit will be made. The total revenue – total cost approach is based on the profit equals the revenue minus the total cost. The total revenue is the sum of the company’s sales of the item in question where the total cost is the cost the company pays to produce the product. Marginal Revenue – Marginal cost should also be considered. Marginal revenue is defined as the extra revenue made when one additional product is sold. Where total cost is the cost paid to produce the product, the marginal cost is the cost paid to produce one more unit. As stated above the marginal revenue is the extra revenue made when one additional product is sold. The calculation used to determine this is total revenue divided by total quantity sold. In the scenario provided, the marginal revenue consistently decreases when more are sold, as you can see in the table & graph provided below. Also stated above marginal cost is the cost paid to produce one more unit of product. The calculation used to determine this is total cost divided by total output. In the scenario provided, the marginal cost increases when more are produced as you can see in the table...
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...EGT1: Task 1 Profit maximization is derived from two sources that counteract one another. This dynamic can best be described as total revenue (TR) vs. total cost (TC). Total revenue is quantified as a firm’s total profit intake from sales of a product or service delivered. This is total amount of revenue that was derived from consumer spending. Total cost, however, includes all the purchases of raw materials, labor, production, transportation, distribution or any other cost incurred by this particular firm for this particular product or service. In order to calculate profitization, you must subtract the total cost from the total revenue. The point at which maximum profitization would occur would be when the difference between these two numbers is at it’s positive peak. To define marginal revenue (MR), we must first define marginal cost. Marginal cost (MC) is that additional cost associated with producing this additional product or service to the consumers. It can be calculated by dividing the change in cost by the change in unit production. After calculating marginal cost, if the cost is lower than the current price of the item, there is no need to lower the price of the item to sell more units. In the given illustration, Company A spends $30 to produce one product and $50 to produce two. The marginal cost, in this example, would be $20. It also illustrates that this cost increases $10 for every new product. Marginal revenue is defined as the additional profit...
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...EGT1 Task 1 Marginal Analysis Student Name Western Governors University Student ID: The primary focus of this paper is to demonstrate the concepts of marginal revenue and marginal cost, how the two are related to each other and how they are used by a company in profit maximization. By factoring, analyzing and comparing the various data on revenue and cost, a company can use a marginal analysis to determine the best direction to maximize profits. A marginal analysis is the “comparisons of marginal benefits and marginal costs, usually for decision making” (McConnell, 2011, p. 6). A. There are two methods to describe profit maximization. Further details of both methods and how each are used to determine profit maximization are as followed: 1. One method of understanding profit maximization is by using the relationship of total revenue and total cost. Total revenue is the total income that a company receives from a product or service. The price multiplied by the quantity of the product or service equates to the total revenue. Total cost is the total expense or cost to a company to produce a product or provide a service. Profit is determined by subtracting the total cost from the total revenue. Initially, as production or quantity increases, profit increases as well. There is a point, however, where the profit will maximize and then begin to diminish as the unit quantity increases. This point is where the greatest profit is realized in relation to the total revenue...
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...(A) Total Revenue is what we call the income that comes in from a specific good or product. This income through doesn’t include any of the amount it takes to produce this product. When you are calculating the Total Revenue also known as “TR”, you have to multiple the sale price of the good or product by the quantity that has been sold. The profit maximization happens when the TR from the sales of a good is higher than the “TC” or total cost. Marginal Revenue also known as “MR” is when there is a change in TR, which comes as a result when producing and selling an additional unit of product or good. “MC” which is Marginal Cost is when the change of TC is used to produce another unit of product or good. When there is a change in TR, MR is what happens. To calculate this, you need to take the change in output quantity and divide it by the change in the TR. When the MR equals the MC, Profit Maximization will happen. (B) Marginal Revenue is found by dividing the TC by the change of the output. In most cases when you have a MC of a product or good, the MR will usually be higher and if the MC is greater than the MR, the TR will increase. In the case that your MC is greater than the MR the TR will decrease. The TR will remain the same if the MC and MR are equal. In the scenario that is given MR started at 150.00 and continued a gradual decline as the quantity was increased. When the company got up to the final number 15 units, they were down to only $10.00 in MR. (C)...
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...EGT1 – TASK GUIDE INTRODUCTION: As you work on each of the Tasks please make use of the various resources posted and updated within the Business Undergraduate Economics Learning Community Task 1 Recorded Webinar TASK 1: MARGINAL ANALYSIS This Task centers on the competency of marginal analysis with two structured objectives. First is the requirement to describe the relationship between marginal revenue (MR) and marginal cost (MC) at the point of profit maximization. Second is the requirement to explain the concept of profit maximization. ACTIONS OF APPROACH: 1- Prior to turning in the Task, consider attending a Live Webinar on the Task. Students that attend are much more likely to pass the Task. You can always find an updated schedule of Live Webinars in the Community Pages (link at the top of this document). 2- This essay should be relatively short (1-3 pages) and can be written entirely from the concepts discussed within the McConnell e-text. In preparing for this Task you should read Chapters 7-11 of the McConnell e-text, with specific concentration on the information in Chapters 7 & 8. *Chapter 7 "Business and the Costs of Production" *Chapter 8 "Pure Competition in the Short Run" Chapter 9 "Pure Competition in the Long Run" Chapter 10 "Pure Monopoly" Chapter 11 "Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly" 3- Formulate your responses to this Task in accordance with an “outline” format. More specifically, when writing your paper – list the Task Element and structure your...
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...EGTI Task 1 Marginal Analysis In order for any business to be successful they would need to know how to make the most profit for the goods they are producing and selling. In this paper I am going to explain some of the key terms that companies need to keep in mind when operating their business. First, we will start with marginal revenue, which is defined simply as the extra revenue that is made for each additional unit of a product that is sold. This is directly related to marginal cost, which is what it costs the company to make that additional unit of product. Next there is total cost and total revenue. Total cost is what the company spends to produce a certain quantity of its product. This includes the cost of all the materials, labor, production, etc. Total revenue is defined as the total amount of money received from producing and selling that given quantity of a product. Total revenue is not to be confused with profit however. Profit comes from subtracting the total cost of units produced from the total revenue made. Simply put: Profit = Total revenue – total cost. In order to determine profit maximization using total revenue to total cost Company A would need to find the optimal output level. For each widget Company A produces both the total cost and total revenue increase. However, if total cost ever exceeds the total revenue the company will begin to lose money. The chart below shows the point at which Company A would reach their profit maximization using...
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...Economics and Global Business Communications Name Course Instructor Date Competency 309.1.1: Marginal Analysis A.1. Profit maximization is the desire and target of all trading companies that operate in various industries, in different markets (Taylor & Weerapana, 2012). They must first of all produce products for sale to achieve the same. This production results into various financial costs that have to be overcome with the revenue from the sales. The difference between the total revenue and total costs becomes the profit to the firm. The total revenue to total cost approach is, therefore, concerned with maximizing the difference between total revenue and total cost. 2. Marginal revenues to marginal cost approach are meant to supplement the total revue to total cost approach (Taylor, 2008; Landsburg, 2011). In this perspective, marginal profit is arrived at after subtracting marginal cost from the marginal revenue of a firm. In the event that the marginal revenue is higher than the marginal cost at a given level of output, it follows that additional quantities should be produced. B. 1. Marginal revenue is known to be the revenue that accrues to the firm after having produced one extra unit on top of what had been produced initially. It is got from dividing the total revenue obtained by the firm from trading activities with the number of units sold. Marginal revenue increases when the...
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...EGT Task 1 A. Demand of a unit is inelastic when the price is one and the increase to price makes the revenue higher. Elastic demand occurs when the price is higher than one and with the fluctuation of prices increase and decreases total revenue will incline or decline. A good example would be when the demand measurement is changed as when a company lowers the price products to boosts or increase sales. B. The cross elasticity of demand measures how sensitive consumer purchases of one product (say, X) are to a change in the price of some other product (say, Y). We calculate the coefficient of cross elasticity of demand Exy just as we do the coefficient of simple price elasticity, except that Cross-price elasticity is a measure of how sensitive consumer purchases of one product are to a change in the price of some other product .Substitute goods are goods that can be used in the place of other goods, like bread and bagels. Complementary goods are goods that are used along with other goods, like coffee and creamer. In other words, they “complement” each other. 3. Income elasticity measures how much a change in a consumer’s income will affect their purchasing habits of normal goods, such as automobiles, groceries, and houses, as well as inferior goods, such as potted meat and bus tickets. Goods whose demand rises when incomes rise but decreases when incomes fall are normal goods. Goods whose demand rises when incomes decrease but decreases when incomes rise are...
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...Supply and Demand One of the most critical concepts in the study of economy and the way our world works is: supply and demand. This essentially helps use understand markets and the way we consume the things we need and want on a daily basis. Supply and demand concepts have application in everyday life and in business. Essentially supply and demand are determined separately, the sellers determine the supply and the buyers determine the demand. The price of the product or service offered is never really fixed until equilibrium is reached. Another words the product or service offered must equal the amount demanded. This concept has a direct impact on consumers in the daily decisions he or she will make. However many variables within supply and demand still exists. With all the variations of products and services offered what makes consumers pick one product or service over another? In the following paragraphs you should have a better understanding of what drives decisions that are vital to the market in an economy. In economics, elasticity is the measurement of how changing one economic variable affects others. Elasticity extends our understanding of markets by letting us know the degree to which changes in price and income affect supply and demand. Sometimes the responses are substantial, other times minimal or even non-existent. But by knowing what to expect, businesses and government can do a better job deciding what to produce, how much to charge, and, surprisingly...
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...Profit is equal to Marginal Revenue less the Marginal Cost. Profit maximization is the point where Marginal Revenue is equal to Marginal Cost. In this method, the company compares the amounts that each additional unit of output would add to total revenue and total cost. B1. To calculate Marginal Revenue, you get the difference in total revenue after a unit is produced and divide it by the change in quantity. In the given scenario, the quantity change is always 1 and the Marginal Revenue only increases when the first unit is produced. The only increase is when 1 unit is produced which yields the Marginal Revenue of 150. The Marginal Revenue decreases by 10 when 2 units are produced all the way to when 15 units are produced. So, when 2 units are produced, the Marginal Revenue is 140, it’s 130 when the 3 units are produced, it’s 120 when the 4 units are produced, and so on. C1. To calculate Marginal Cost, you get the difference in total cost after a unit is produced and divide it by the change in quantity. When 1 unit is produced, the Marginal Cost is 20 and when 2 units are produced, the Marginal Cost stays the same. When 3 units are produced, the Marginal Cost increases to 30 and keeps increasing by 10...
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... characteristics of perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. Objective 309.1.3-‐06: Describe how the need for governmental price regulation differs for firms in different competitive environments. Date: February 9, 2015 A) The Anti-‐Trust Laws Sherman Act (1890) The Sherman Act came about due to a growing public resentment of trusts. The antitrust legislation is broken down into two parts: • Section 1 “Every contract, combination in the form of a trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations is declared to be illegal.” Section 2 “Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations, shall be deemed guilty of a felony” (Brue, Flynn, & McConnell, 2012) • Some results of the Sherman Act include the banning of various restraints of trade and monopolization. Another result was that it seemed to set a...
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...A. Identify one country in Eastern Asia (e.g., Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea, Macau, Taiwan, or Mongolia) to be the focus of your essay. I chose Japan as the focus of my essay. In addition to being a lovely country with rich history, Japan is also a hub of business, producing great art, fantastic video games, cars, computers, and other electronics, a few examples among many business avenues that can be found in Japan. There is likely something in everyone's life that has roots in Japan in one way or another. B. Identify major cross-cultural issues that may impact Company A’s marketing approach in this situation. 1. Describe how the issues you identified may impact the approach Company A takes. Bringing two cultures together is a delicate objective. A challenge that is an automatic given is the challenge of communication, with language being the first challenge. It is the most major of cross-cultural issues that may impact Company A's marketing approach in this situation. If one is not fluent in the native language, then a translator is absolutely essential, and it is best to have a translator that is local to the region in which business is to be conducted. Even if one is very fluent in the native language, it's still a good idea to have a translator local to the region to assist with business proceedings. The reason for this is because of a second challenge Company A will encounter in its business endeavor – regional dialect, or lingo. It's not enough...
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...EGT1 – TASK 1 Western Governors University EGT1 Economics and Global Business Applications Element A1 & A2 A1. Total revenue (TR) to total cost (TC) is cost, which is calculated using total revenue minus the total cost, (TR-TC). As each unit is produced, the total cost increases in addition to the total revenue. Yet, at some point in the production of the additional units, the total revenue will exceed the total cost. When it reaches that point, it becomes a loss. The point when profit maximization is the largest is bolded in the table below. |QTY |TR |TC |TR-TC | |0 |$0.00 |$100.00 |-$100.00 | |1 |$131.00 |$190.00 |-$59.00 | |2 |$262.00 |$270.00 |-$8.00 | |3 |$393.00 |$340.00 |$53.00 | |4 |$524.00 |$400.00 |$124.00 | |5 |$655.00 |$470.00 |$185.00 | |6 |$786.00 |$550.00 |$236.00 | |7 |$917.00 |$640.00 |$277.00 | |8 |$1,048.00 |$750.00 |$298.00 | |9 |$1,179.00 |$880.00 |$299.00 | |10 |$1,310.00 |$1,030.00 |$280.00 | A2. Marginal revenue...
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...EGT1 – Task 1 A. 1. The profit maximization is where there is the largest difference between total revenue and total cost. Total revenue, is what the widget(s) sells for. Total cost, is what costs to produce the widget(s).The profit maximization is where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. B. Marginal revenue is the additional revenue that will be made by Company A when it sells one additional unit of a product. C. Marginal cost is what it will cost Company A to produce one additional unit of product. D. The profit maximization occurs for company A at Q-8, both the Marginal Revenue, and Marginal Cost are both equal. Q TR TC TR/TC MR MC 0 0 10 -10 1 150 30 120 150 20.0 2 290 50 240 140 20.0 3 420 80 340 130 30.0 4 540 120 420 120 40.0 5 650 170 480 110 50.0 6 750 230 520 100 60.0 7 840 300 540 90 70.0 8 920 380 540 80 80.0 9 990 470 520 70 90.0 10 1050 570 480 60 100.0 11 1100 680 420 50 110.0 12 1140 800 340 40 120.0 13 1170 930 240 30 130.0 14 1190 1070 120 20 140.0 15 1200 1220 -20 10 150.0 E. If marginal revenue is higher than marginal cost, Company A should look into producing one or more products. F. If Marginal cost is higher than marginal revenue, the company is losing money every additional widget made. They need to look into producing a lower amount of widgets, where the marginal cost and revenue are...
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