...being adopted for providing electric power services to rural areas in developing countries unlikely to be served by grid electricity. Policies needed to implement renewable energy systems in rural areas are discussed in this paper. Most prominent are removal of subsidies to traditional energy primarily benefiting the wealthiest; involving the local populace in decision making; educating financial institutions about the economics of investing in renewable energy systems and creating investment vehicles appropriate to financing them in poor localities; training personnel on management, maintenance and drafting contracts; requiring vendor provision of maintenance and parts; and effective regulation and oversight of system management and financing. I. Introduction The recent sharp increases in the prices of oil, natural gas, uranium and coal underline the importance for all countries to focus on development of alternative energy resources. For developing countries, these price increases can have ruinous economic consequences; for many countries already plagued by poverty this means a choice between fuel and food, health care, education and other essentials. Renewable energy resources need priority because: 1) the overwhelming scientific evidence that anthropological emissions of greenhouse gases from carbon combustion threaten catastrophic results from rapid climate change; 2) the severe health and environmental consequences from fossil fuel combustion being experienced...
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...National Academy of Sciences, a total cost (external + internal) ranking of primary energy sources for Pakistan is estimated. This estimate is at the low end of the cost spectrum because classic pollutants—sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide—in Pakistan are significantly higher than in Europe or the US. The paper also discusses the experiences of China and OECD countries in increasing energy-wide efficiency. A central lesson emerging from the analysis is that Pakistan will have to significantly increase its energy-related research and development expenditure in order to adequately address its energy sector issues. A quadrupling from 0.25 % of gross domestic product is recommended over a decade. Keywords: Energy, policy, environment, Pakistan. JEL Classification: Q48, Q47, Q5. I. Introduction Energy is the life blood of socioeconomic development. It is essential for technological applications that promote productivity increases. The three domains where energy is used are the production of electricity, the extraction/generation of thermal energy (heating and cooling), and transportation. During the past two centuries, fossil fuels (coal, oil, and...
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...highly relevant subject to GOPA- International Energy Consultants GmbH, and for their extensive and dedicated inputs and guidance provided during implementation. The authors express their gratitude to all project partners who provided particularly valuable and interesting insights into ongoing activities during the course of the project. It was a real pleasure and a great help to exchange ideas and learn from highly experienced management and staff and committed representatives of this programme. How to Read Citations Bibliography is cited by [Author; Year]. Where no author could be identified, we used the name of the institution. The Bibliography is listed in Chapter 10. Websites (internet links) are cited with a consecutive numbering system [1], [2], etc. The Websites are listed in Chapter 11. 3 Imprint Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP) 2 Dr Clement Isong Street, Asokoro Abuja / Nigeria Contact: Daniel Werner (daniel.werner@giz.de) Phone: + 234 8057601986 Federal Ministry of Power Federal Secretariat Complex Shehu Shagari Way, Maitama Abuja / Nigeria Contact: Engr. Faruk Yusuf Yabo (fyyabo@yahoo.com) Maps: The geographical maps are for...
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...Opportunities for Women in Renewable Energy Technology Use in Bangladesh (Phase I) April 2004 Joint UNDP/World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP) and Bank Netherlands Water Partnership Program (BNWPP) Contents Preface........................................................................................................................vii Abbreviations and Acronyms....................................................................................xi Executive Summary.................................................................................................xiii Background and Context .................................................................................xiii Objectives ....................................................................................................... xiv Coastal Electrification and Women’s Development Microenterprise (CEWDM) ............................................................................................. xv Development of Training Modules ................................................................... xv Operational Performance................................................................................ xvi Social Outcomes............................................................................................. xvi Electrification Options as a Function of Household Income .......................... xvi Costs of Rural Lighting and Electrification.................................................
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...Internship Programme of the Competition Commission of India for a period of one month from January 2, 2012 to January 30, 2012. This report is for academic purposes only. The views expressed in the report are personal to the intern and do not reflect the views of the Commission or any of its staff or personnel and do not bind the Commission in any manner. This report is the intellectual property of the Competition Commission of India and the same or any part thereof may not be used in any manner whatsoever, without express permission of the Competition Commission of India in writing. Priyanka Varma M.A. (Final) Economics Banaras Hindu University ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My sincere thanks and regards to Mr. Vijay Kumar Singh, Deputy Director (Law), Competition Commission of India, Government of India, for giving me the opportunity to work on this sector and for guiding me every step of the way. I would also like to acknowledge the Library and Support Staff of CCI for their unconditional help and cooperation during the entire duration of my internship. My friends, colleagues and co-Interns deserve a mention for providing me with the most conducive environment to work all along. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CAGR: Compound Annual Average Growth Rate CASE: Commission of Additional sources of Energy CCI: Competition Commission of India CEA: Central Electricity Authority CERC: Central Electricity Regulatory Commission CFA: Central...
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...Chapter 01 1.1 Introduction: A storage device may be used to store energy from renewable energy source in DC form which can be converted to AC power by using power inverter. Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) technique may be used to control output rms voltage of the inverter. As the load is variable, the power consumed by the load (PL) may be smaller than the power generated from the renewable energy source (PR). Therefore a Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Controller may be used to supply the additional power (PR – PL) from the renewable energy source to the grid. On the other hand if the power consumed by the load (PL) is greater than the power generated from the renewable energy source (PR) therefore the same FACTS controller may be used to absorb the additional power (PR – PL) from the grid to the load. In this case the FACTS controller must allow bi-directional power flow. If all the active houses are connected to the grid in the same way (proposed way), the active houses that generate more power than the load can be supplied to the active houses that generate less power than the load. Therefore a suitable FACTS controller should be designed in such a way that it can control the power flow in both directions. The idea is illustrated in the following figure. 1.2 Objectives: • Study on different FACTS controllers • Study on different renewable energy sources • Study on different...
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...Report On Green Management perspective In Bangladesh SOUTH EAST UNIVERSITY Submitted To Farzana Ferdoushi Faculty, School of Business of SEU Submitted By Mohammad Azmir hossain ID: 2010010000004 Department: B.B.A. Date of Submission March 8, 2014 Introduction Bangladesh is a country suffering from immense social, political, economic and environmental issues and these issues need to be addressed for the overall development of this country. However, we all know that the peoples of the whole world are concerned about the environmental degradation, especially the rising of global temperature and thereby melting of glaciers and ice-berg in the polar region and consequently rising of sea level, which will directly affect the low lying countries of the world like Bangladesh. The world conscious people are also concerned about the increase of Green House Gases and Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and thereby depletion of Ozone layer. As such, every person and especially the professionals must have greater role to check the environmental degradation. The contribution of the banking sector is playing significant role to save the environment through their CSR, investment or other activities. To save the environment, Green Management is the great initiative which is taken by bank all over the world. The word „Green Banking‟ is very common concept in the world. Global warming is a great issue in protection...
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...PV StatuS RePoRt EUR 24807 EN - 2011 The Institute for Energy provides scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of community policies related to energy. Special emphasis is given to the security of energy supply and to sustainable and safe energy production. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Energy Contact information Address: Via Enrico Fermi 2749 TP 450 21027 Ispra (VA) Italy E-mail: arnulf.jaeger-waldau@ec.europa.eu Tel.: +39 0332 789119 Fax: +39 0332 789268 http://ie.jrc.ec.europa.eu www.jrc.ec.europa.eu PV Status Report 2011 Research, Solar Cell Production and Market Implementation of Photovoltaics July 2011 Arnulf Jäger-Waldau European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy, Renewable Energy Unit Via Enrico Fermi 2749; TP 450 I – 21027 Ispra (VA), Italia EUR 24807 EN Legal notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use, which might be made of the following information. The report does not represent any official position of the European Commission, nor do its contents prejudge any future Commission proposals in any areas of Community policy. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC 64900 EUR 24807 EN ISBN 978-92-79-20171-4 ISSN 1831-4155 doi 10.2788/87966 The report...
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...Association, EDORA, ENERPLAN, Fronius, GENSED, GIFI, Goldbeck, HELAPCO, Holland Solar, HUPIA, IEA-PVPS, JPEA, KOPIA, Martifer, PV AUSTRIA, PV Russia, PV Poland, PV Vlaanderen, Renewable Association of Israel, RPIA, RTS Corporation, SAPI, SAPVIA, SASIA, SEIA, SEMI Taiwan, SolarMax, SolarTrade Association, SunEdison, Swissolar, TOTAL, UNEF, Wacker, ZSFI Editor: Tom Rowe Design: Onehemisphere, Sweden Images: iStock.com/CaiaImage (cover), REC – Renewable Energy Corporation ASA (page 8), Sharp (page 10), ENEL (page 12), First Solar (page 14), First Solar (page 16), Kyocera Fineceramics, Stromaufwart Photovoltaik GmbH (page 26), Sharp (page 48), JA Solar (page 54). Supported by: Intersolar Europe Solar irradiation world map has been derived from the SolarGIS database: http://solargis.info (© 2014 GeoModel Solar) Disclaimer: Please note that all historical figures provided in this brochure are valid at the time of publication and will be revised when new and proven figures are available. All forecast figures are based on EPIA knowledge at the time of publication. Please also note that forecast figures have been rounded. EPIA’s methodology includes only systems connected to the grid and not those that have been installed but not yet connected. The difference between installations and systems connected to the grid can be quite significant in some cases. Installed capacity considers all photovoltaic...
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...a happy, empowered and sustainable life for everyone Bharti Airtel Ltd. India Sustainability Report 2011- ‘12 mob ile m oney know ledge mobile health mobile education l TV digita mobil e agri cultur e internet the backdrop The Indian economy has seen a significant development in the last two decades. Several hundred million people are benefiting from the country’s progress. Concurrently, India’s population too has risen to more than 1.2 billion, placing an increasing burden on existing resources. Access to basic services like education, health, financial services, banking etc. are often beyond the means of the common person. Airtel’s sustainability journey endeavours to contribute further to our society and to our environment. It is our firm belief that not a single man, woman or child should be denied access to education, health and prosperity. We believe in social inclusion of people everywhere, and have made this the cornerstone of our sustainability programme. We leverage our network presence, reach and accessibility, through mobile telephony, direct-to-home television and broadband services, to contribute towards a sustainable future, not just for people everywhere but also for our planet and economy. We are confident that we can be a force of good, positive change, in society and also augment the efforts of the government, public-private groups, Bharti Foundation and NGOs in the area of sustainability. In 2011, we made a commitment...
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...including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. First published in 2013 by SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B1/I-1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044, India www.sagepub.in SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA SAGE Publications Ltd 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte Ltd 33 Pekin Street #02-01 Far East Square Singapore 048763 Published by Vivek Mehra for SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd, Phototypeset in 11/13pt Minion Pro by RECTO Graphics, Delhi and printed at Saurabh Printers, New Delhi. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available ISBN: 978-81-321-1131-3 (PB) The SAGE Team: Rudra Narayan, Archita Mandal, Rajib Chatterjee and Dally Verghese Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012–2017) Economic Sectors Volume II Planning Commission Government of India Thank you for choosing a SAGE product! If you have any comment, observation or feedback, I would like to personally hear from you. Please write to me at contactceo@sagepub.in —Vivek Mehra, Managing Director and CEO, SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi Bulk Sales SAGE India offers special discounts for purchase of books in bulk. We also make available special imprints and excerpts from our books on demand. For orders and enquiries, write to us at Marketing Department SAGE Publications India Pvt...
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...Independent Journalist, USA Shereen El Feki, The Economist, UK David Grimshaw, Intermediate Technology Development Group, UK Pamela Hartigan, Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Switzerland Ashok Khosla, Development Alternatives, India Ehsan Masood, LEAD International, UK Penelope Mawson, LEAD International, UK Nick Moon, ApproTEC, Kenya Adil Najam, Fletcher School, Tufts University, USA Julia Novy-Hildesley, Lemelson Foundation, USA Anna Richell, Design Council, UK Ammon Salter, Imperial College London, UK Eugenio de Motta Singer, ERM, Brazil Rory Stear, Freeplay Energy Corp., UK Zhang Lubiao, Institute of Agricultural Economics, China 2 Foreword This draft document comprises Recommendations and a Summary of the discussion from a workshop held at the secretariat of LEAD International in London in November 2003, as part of a larger study on invention and inventiveness. The study will culminate in an “Invention Assembly” in Washington D.C. in April 2004. The study is supported by the Lemelson-MIT Program and by the National Science Foundation. The Assembly will be hosted by the National Academy of Engineering. 3 Contents Key findings and recommendations Introduction The role of invention and innovation Case studies: Africa Case studies: India Case studies: China Case studies: Latin America The rise of social entrepreneurship An agenda for further study Notes Biographies...
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...Jamaica Water Properties A Case Study The case is about an accounting fraud that involves the Jamaica Water Properties, Inc. The fraud was characterized by misapplication of purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, recording fictitious assets, improper accounting for NOLCO, non-recording of appropriate allowances for uncollectible receivables, and misapplication of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for long-term contracts. Ernest Grendi made the fraud possible, company CFO as helped by three senior accountants. These were aimed to inflate the price of the company stocks because of overstated earnings that caused them to receive sizable bonuses. However, JWP internal auditors just tolerated all of these because of their fear of being fired. In addition, Ernst & Young, the company’s external auditor, knowing the fraudulent activities, have been issuing an unqualified opinion for six consecutive years. This has been seen as a product of the close relationship between Grendi and his co-conspirators with E&Y. 2011 JAMAICA WATER PROPERTIES: A Case Study Jamaica Water Properties A Case Study The case is about an accounting fraud that involves the Jamaica Water Properties, Inc. The fraud was characterized by misapplication of purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, recording fictitious assets, improper accounting for NOLCO, non-recording of appropriate allowances for uncollectible receivables, and misapplication of the percentage-of-completion...
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...Jamaica Water Properties A Case Study The case is about an accounting fraud that involves the Jamaica Water Properties, Inc. The fraud was characterized by misapplication of purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, recording fictitious assets, improper accounting for NOLCO, non-recording of appropriate allowances for uncollectible receivables, and misapplication of the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for long-term contracts. Ernest Grendi made the fraud possible, company CFO as helped by three senior accountants. These were aimed to inflate the price of the company stocks because of overstated earnings that caused them to receive sizable bonuses. However, JWP internal auditors just tolerated all of these because of their fear of being fired. In addition, Ernst & Young, the company’s external auditor, knowing the fraudulent activities, have been issuing an unqualified opinion for six consecutive years. This has been seen as a product of the close relationship between Grendi and his co-conspirators with E&Y. 2011 JAMAICA WATER PROPERTIES: A Case Study Jamaica Water Properties A Case Study The case is about an accounting fraud that involves the Jamaica Water Properties, Inc. The fraud was characterized by misapplication of purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, recording fictitious assets, improper accounting for NOLCO, non-recording of appropriate allowances for uncollectible receivables, and misapplication of the percentage-of-completion...
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...Faster, Sustainable and More Inclusive Growth An Approach to the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17) Government of India Planning Commission Contents 1 An Overview 1-14 2 Macro-Economic Framework 15-27 3 Energy 28-38 4 Transport 39-44 5 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources 45-58 6 Rural Transformation 59-66 7 Farm Sector 67-79 8 Manufacturing Sector 80-86 9 Health 87-95 10 Education & Skill Development 11 Social and Regional Equity 104-107 12 Challenge of Urbanisation 108-114 13 Science and Technology 115-118 14 Services: Tourism, Hospitality & Construction 119-125 15 Governance 126-134 16 Innovation 135-139 96-103 Tables Table 1.1: Structure of Global GDP 13 Table 2.1: Sectoral Growth Rates - Previous Plans and Target for Twelfth Plan 18 Table 2.2: Broad Macro-Economic Parameters - Previous Plans and Target for Twelfth Plan 19 Table 2.3: Projection of Centre’s Resources for the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17) (Figures in Rs Crore at Current Prices) 23 Table 2.4: Projection of Centre’s Resources for the Twelfth Five Year Plan (as per cent of GDP) 24 Table 3.1: Projected Energy Demand 29 Table 14.1: Construction Sector: Contribution to GDP 122 Table 14.2: Construction Components Involved in Creation of Physical Infrastructure 122 Table 14.3: Requirement...
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