...4. What laboratory test could we use to confirm the isotypes of anti-SRBC antibody? (10 marks) The laboratory test that we could use to confirm the isotypes of anti-SRBC antibody is Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). ELISA is an immunological test that is used for detection and quantification of antibodies, antigens, peptides and hormones. ELISA uses an enzyme–labelled antibody and substrate to indicate the present of antibodies or antigens if a colour change is observed. There are 4 types of ELISA, Direct ELISA, Indirect ELISA, Sandwich ELISA and Competitive ELISA. The general principle of ELISA is by immobilized the antigen onto a solid support which is a plate by adsorption. After that, the antibody-containing test serum is added...
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...MedMira Laboratories 1. What changes in the environment made it possible to consider the launch of an OTC Aids Test? Be specific. The launch of an OTC Aids Test in United States was only possible to be considered after some changes in the environment. Due to growing incidences of infectious diseases (HIV, Hepatitis C,…) there was a need to do something in order to overcome this issue that affected so many people. So MedMira Laboratories decided to develop rapid tests able to give accurate diagnosis that allowed healthcare providers to deliver effective treatment faster. In the past years most of the HIV tests were performed using conventional testing technology, which required a minimum of 2 to 8 hours to produce results, highly trained laboratory personnel and special equipment to perform and interpret the tests. In order to decrease costs, these testes were normally performed in batches, which delayed the process for patients to get their results up to two weeks. So rapid HIV tests emerged as a good, faster and cheaper alternative for conventional testing technology. Rapid HIV testing was a growing market worldwide. Advancements made in anti-retroviral treatment were also an important step to the launch of an OTC Aids Test. It changed the way people faced a positive result. Until then a positive result was often seen as a death sentence. But with these advancements made in anti-retroviral treatment it had became a much more manageable illness. This help reduced the risk related...
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...Emily vs. Elisa Emily and Elisa were two ladies that were seen as polar opposites, yet, at the same time, lived very similar lives. Odd, you may say, but during the time frame of the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, women were expected to be homemakers. They were both happy on the outside, but brewing like a pot of hot soup on the inside. Emily and Elisa both felt trapped in their relationships and isolated from society. They were manipulated by their significant others and felt like prisoners in their own homes. Emily went to extreme measures to get what she wanted, and Elisa continued to live a miserable life with his husband. Emily lived in a small town where everybody knew everybody and lived in a square- shaped home. She wasn’t married but was dating a Yankee named Homer Barron that worked in construction. She was raised by a wealthy family that was well respected by others in the community. When he father passed away, Homer was the only thing she had left. Everyone in the community became concerned when Homer showed no remorse or sadness when her father died. In Emily’s eyes, she still had Homer and the house her father had left her. Emily was looking for more than just a significant other; she wanted to be married. Knowing that Homer was not a marrying man, Emily decided to take matters into her own hands. She went to the local jeweler and decided to purchase some items that would hint to Homer that she was wanting was more. She ordered a silver toilet set with the letters...
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...Indirect ELISA The term "indirect ELISA" refers to an ELISA in which the antigen is bound by the primary antibody, which then is detected by an enzyme labeled secondary antibody. The Secondary antibodies were raised against the primary antibody in other species of animal by immunization. The indirect ELISA has advantages over the direct ELISA. 1) The Indirect ELISA consist mainly two antigen – antibody reactions; the first reaction is between coated antigen and primary antibody and a second reaction between the primary antibody and the enzyme-labeled secondary antibody (with reference to secondary antibody the primary antibody is an antigen). Therefore, when the secondary antibody is enzyme tagged instead of primary antibody the amplified...
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...Elisa Allen is the main character we focus on in this short story, from our readings we can tell that she is somewhat interesting, intelligent, and a passionate women who lives what many would think, an unsatisfied or under stimulated life. During this time period for women, having a professional career was not an option. Elisa you can tell has interests in the business side of the ranching, but goes largely unnoticed by her husband, and is brushed off politely. Elisa devotes her time and energy to maintaining her house and garden, and this may be a direct result of her wish to see the world, which just as easily shrugged off, as being an unfit desire for women to have. Although she brags to her husband about how well she can make things grow and her knowledge of plants, especially the chrysanthemums, may be a bit of an exaggeration, since gardening is the only thing she thinks about on a daily basis. When the tinker arrives she shows flashes of her brilliance when tinker asks her about her flowers, it shows how much she is thinking and her feelings, and how maybe she rarely gets to express herself. After the tinker leaves, and as they drive down the road and sees that the tinker had dumped out the chrysanthemum she had potted for him out on the road, Elisa is devastated that she tries to put this out of her mind by engaging in random conversation about wine for dinner and the fights that only men attend for the most part....
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...Red- Hair Despair Jumping the nail is something that isn’t unheard of in La Paloma, and only the brave can handle the rush of jumping hundreds of feet off a cliff, into the ocean. Two days ago, July 7, 1991, the town lost a bright young female, Elisa Fratello, 18. Elisa was a graduating senior at La Paloma High, known for her cherry-red hair. Elisa passed away by driving her mother’s car off the “nail”, the cliff that hangs high above the ocean, for the second time. The first time she jumped was with her boyfriend, Scooter Navarro, who claims, “I had no idea this would turn into something like this. We were so in love. She wanted to jump because she knew that other chicks were all over me. Everyone is claiming that this is my fault, but I...
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...experiments in this paper done through instruction in graduate course: Biotechnology laboratory in the natural sciences and mathematics department at the university of texas at dallas, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 march 2016 [Company name] | [Company address] ------------------------------------------------- γ-globin analysis by expression profiling through RT-qPCR, quantification through ELISA, and oxidative stress management analysis by FACS from KU812F cells under treatment by δ aminolevulinic acid, succinylacetone, and N-methyl mesoporphyrin Shaan Sarode, Jose Cordero, and Dr. Li Liu experiments in this paper done through instruction in graduate course: Biotechnology laboratory in the natural sciences and mathematics department at the university of texas at dallas, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 march 2016 [Company name] | [Company address] ------------------------------------------------- γ-globin analysis by expression profiling through RT-qPCR, quantification through ELISA, and oxidative stress management analysis by FACS from KU812F cells under treatment by δ aminolevulinic acid, succinylacetone, and N-methyl mesoporphyrin Shaan Sarode, Jose Cordero, and Dr. Li Liu ABSTRACT Hemoglobinopathies refer to a group of blood related disorders that encompass important disease such as thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Because many of these disease are hereditary more aggressive genetic therapies are showing promise as possible avenues of treatment. One such method is to re-express...
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...is not over and that a “storm” could be brewing later. Elisa Allen at the age of thirty five working in her flowers garden was married to her husband Henry. “The Chrysanthemums” Elisa had strength and probable frustrate with her life. It was hard to describe what she really look like in her garden costume with a black hat (The Chrysanthemums, pp. 227). She is cutting the Chrysanthemum stalks with a pair of short scissors (The Chrysanthemums, 2012, pp. 228). The story states that her work with the scissors was over powerful (The Chrysanthemums, 2012, pp. 228). With all that energy, Elisa would be able to handle any job given to her. Elisa is a very confidence and strong minded person. This story is about a strong minded women and her garden. In this garden Elisa grow a flower that was called “The Chrysanthemum”. Her husband admire her work raising “The Chrysanthemums and mentioned how he wish she could work in the orchard and raise some apples ten inches big (The Chrysanthemum, 2012, pp. 228). This story is also about Elisa feelings and actions. Elisa was also a dynamic character in this story. She was strong and lonely but yet married to henry. Elisa was a friendly person and became friends with this man. I guess she was interested and decided to dresses up looking nice ready to go out. Elisa character changes threw out the story which finds her in the need for love and attention. Elisa character is a woman who is strong and wants affection...
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...Steinbeck is about a woman named Elisa Allen who is not content with the life she is living. Elisa is frustrated with her husband not admiring her romantically and not having a child. The way Elisa would let her frustration out is working in her flower garden where she grows chrysanthemums. John Steinbeck used chrysanthemums to symbolize the inner self of Elisa and of every woman. The chrysanthemums was Elisa`s way out of her world. The chrysanthemums are like children to Elisa. Elisa works her garden and handles the chrysanthemums with the love and care that a parent shows there child. Elisa is very protective of her flowers and places a wire fence around them. She makes sure that "no aphids, no sow bugs or snails or cutworms"(page 351) get in there. The bugs represent harm to the flowers, and just like a good mother she gets rid of them before they can harm her children (plants). The chrysanthemums are a symbol of like children, and she is very proud of them. When Elisa's husband gives her attention and compliments her flowers that she had grown she gets happy and proud. Elisa is happy and pleased that she can grow these beautiful flowers. Elisa's pride in her ability to grow the flowers gives her the reinforcement that the flowers are a replacement for her children. The second part of the story the chrysanthemums symbolize Elisa's femininity and sexuality. The picture of Elisa taking care of the flowers as if they were her children is a feminine image. Elisa`s masculine image is also...
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...Summary Elisa was cutting down last year's chrysanthemums, in the Salinas Valley. Henry (Elisa’s husband) asks Elisa if she would like to go out a restaurant and a picture movie to celebrate his sale. Henry leaves, and Elisa continue to garden, but while she is gardening a man drives up in a wagon. The man asks to do any job like sharpening scissors and fixing pots and pans. Elisa tries to send him away, but the man asks about the chrysanthemums, so Elisa gives him a couple of pots to fix and some money for fixing them and a chrysanthemum to give to the lady he had mentioned. When Henry drives Elisa to dinner, Elisa sees that the man had thrown the plant on the road and she began to cry. Significance of Point of View The story Chrysanthemums is told from a third-person point of view. In the story, the narrator refers to the characters as “he” or “she” rather than “I” and “you”. As well, the story is third-person because we read what the characters think and feel, like a camera recording. For example, this sentence from the story Chrysanthemums, “she heard her husband calling Scotty down by the barn. And a little later she saw the two men ride up the pale yellow hillside in search of the steers.” this sentence is referring to the characters and “she” and “her husband”. When reading the story, you see it through Elisa’s eyes. The affects how she really feels and what she desires. You begin to see that she doesn’t have what she wants. When I look at the world through the eyes...
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...Character Analysis: Elisa Allen John Steinbeck has a very engaging mind. He not only makes people think when they read his work; he makes them think through a number of scenarios with his tales. I believe that looking at this story, you sense this woman, Elisa Allen, is a woman who is very unhappy with her life. The only satisfaction Elisa gets out of life is being in her garden with her "family" of chrysanthemums. Elisa is very unsettled with her life as a whole. She does not like being stuck on the farm, away from the world and people outside her valley. She does not have any children so she treats her chrysanthemums as if they were her only allowed talent, gift, and special accomplishment, since they are a childless couple. Elisa lives in the valley with her husband, Henry Allen on a farm in California. Farm life is a hard life, with few distractions, or entertainments that would take her away from the drudgery of her life. Elisa's only personal real passion on the farm is to tend to her garden, which is full of her beloved chrysanthemums. Elisa Allen does not have any offspring of her own so she tends to and treats her chrysanthemums as if they were her precious children. Elisa loves to work in her garden so much that it consumes most of her spare time each day. Elisa’s garden is her private escape, where she is free to daydream, yearn, and wonder about life outside of her valley. Her little fenced in garden not only keeps the dogs and cattle out, but her husband does...
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...Down At a ranch in the Salinas Valley, Elisa Allen tends to her chrysanthemums while watching her husband talk business with some men down by the tractor shed. She does her gardening work with ease and eagerness. She's a strong lady, and she has got planter's hands, whatever that means. Her husband returns from his successful business deal, and he wants to go into town to celebrate. They plan to finish their work for the day and head into Salinas for dinner. With Henry off working, Elisa returns to her chrysanthemums. Enter intrigue. She's interrupted by the arrival of a stranger – a man who fixes pots and pans. He drives up to the house on a ramshackle wagon and asks Elisa for directions and work. Elisa and the man have quite the conversation, and Elisa seems to develop a connection with the stranger (see what we mean about intrigue?). This connection culminates when she passionately tells the man about her chrysanthemums, and gives him some sprouts. Overcome with emotion, she almost reaches out to touch the man, who soon takes off, leaving Elisa all alone and flustered. When he leaves, she returns to the house and bathes and gets dolled up for date night with her hubby. He arrives home and gets ready, too. As they head for town, she sees the chrysanthemum sprouts she had given the man lying by the side of the road. Soon after, Elisa and Henry's car passes the wagon and the man. After discussing their evening out a bit more, Elisa turns away from Henry and cries. The Chrysanthemums...
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...with several symbols that correlate with the time. Elisa Allen seems to be a typical obedient, docile wife who looks after her husband and their home. But as you read on, Steinbeck uses symbols that give deeper insight to Elisa, her marriage, and her feelings. It is realized that there is more to Elisa than initially thought. Elisa is sexually repressed and held captive by a male dominated society that thinks of women as nothing more than mothers and housekeepers. The first significant symbol is the discussion of the weather. Steinbeck describes the winter fog, and how it sits over the valley like a lid on a pot (para 1). This can be seen as a metaphor to describe Elisa feeling trapped in her boring life. There is the mention of the sun shining around the area, on the fields nearby, but no sun in the valley where Elisa lives. The sun is generally associated with warmth and happiness. The fact that it is not present in Elisa’s environment symbolizes that she isn’t happy. The most obvious of symbols is the chrysanthemums. The chrysanthemums are representation of Elisa’s being. She is isolated in the valley; there are no neighbors to speak of. Her husband, his ranch-hand and their dogs are the only people around. She takes pride in her chrysanthemums. This is obvious in the way she cares for them. She is meticulous in the way she trims each plant, killing any creature that may do them harm and prevent their growth. Even though Elisa gets immense pleasure from her flowers, they are...
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...about crushed dreams and hopes, is prominent throughout. Elisa, the main character and narrator, goes through a change throughout the story. She meets a wandering tinker who excites and gives life to her stifled aspirations but eventually finds herself back to where she started, alone and down-hearted. In the beginning of the story, we are introduced to Elisa as hardworking woman who spends large amounts of time and energy tending to her flowers. Readers are told that "...her work with the scissors was over-eager, over-powerful. The chrysanthemum stems seemed too small and easy for her energy." Due to society's limitations on women during that time period, the chrysanthemums fill Elisa's life; they are her passion and love. While Elisa's marriage is good, it lacks passion and the emotion that Elisa craves and pours into her chrysanthemums. The tinker's arrival and Elisa's reaction is much more natural a thing to have happened when readers consider he life that she had lived before for many years. Readers can find hints to support this in Elisa's interactions with the tinker, who is witty and charming, quite the opposite of her...
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...protagonist Elisa Allen, a thirty-five year old rancher's wife who holds a passion for growing chrysanthemums in her garden. Elisa is portrayed as a tough, strong person, and a masculine figure. "Her figure looked blocked and heavy in her gardening costume, a man's black hat pulled low down over her eyes, clod-hopper shoes, a figured print dress almost completely covered by a big corduroy apron." (45) Elisa possesses a great energy for working on the ranch with her husband Henry, but in a way she feels unappreciated by her husband and frustrated with her current life. The married couple seems to get along relatively well, however, their way of talking together is very formal. Elisa's frustration stems from not having a child, and her husband's failure to admire her romantically as a woman. Elisa's outlet for her frustration is her flower garden, which she is exceptional at growing. It is shown by her fine chrysanthemums, "Some of those yellow chrysanthemums you had this year were ten inches across" (46). Her husband however, doesn't really appreciate her gift for growing the flowers but would prefer that she used her gift to grow another crop. "I wish you'd work out in the orchard and raise some apples that big." (46) Henry sees Elisa as a laborer, instead of the effeminate woman which she yearns to be appreciated as, and this fuels her frustrations. The chrysanthemums in this story symbolizes Elisa's confidence and her feminine side. While Henry was busy working, Elisa is approached...
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