...Mustafa Abdalia, D'Mario Robinson, Alexis Downie BIOL 1441_Section 055; Corey Roelke; October 9, 14 Abstract: Photosynthesis is the process to receiving the sunlight energy of plants, algae and some bacteria to produce organic compounds to self-serving as food source for most organism on Earth (J. Stein Carter). Chemical energy stored in carbohydrates such as sugar molecules, and is synthesized from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis helps to maintain the oxygen concentration in the air and provide all the organic compounds and most of the energy needed for life on Earth (Bryant). The purpose of this project is to demonstrate that different colors of light affect the growth of plants in many different ways. We try to measure how different between levels of CO2 (carbon dioxide) produced from a plant. In this experiment, we use Elodea because it is an aquatic plant. Although photosysthesis is done differently with different plants, this process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centers that contain the pigment chlorophyll green continent. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chlorophasts, which is the largest of the quality of the leaf cells. The color of the emiited light on individual plants is depending by the photosynthetic rates of them. It have the ability to use water for photosynthesis, producing CO2, and gradually accumulating in the atmosphere. We put NaOH (sodium hydroxide) to help measure what...
Words: 1368 - Pages: 6
...survive every day. The oxygen that humans rely so heavily on is produced by plants in a process known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis can be understood by simply looking at its equation. The equation for photosynthesis states that the reactants of carbon dioxide and water, with the use of solar energy, produce carbohydrates and oxygen. Photosynthesis is broken up into two types of reactions, the light reaction and the Calvin Cycle reaction. During the light reaction, pigments located inside plants absorb solar energy and convert that energy into chemical energy. The light reactions represent the portion of the photosynthesis equation where water converts...
Words: 1910 - Pages: 8
...Name _________________________________ Date _____________ Period ______ Lab: Investigating Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Background: All organisms are dependent on a healthy carbon dioxide-oxygen balance. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key processes in maintaining this balance. Plants, through the process of photosynthesis, use energy absorbed from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce sugars and oxygen. Animals and plants, through the process of cellular respiration, use oxygen and sugars to produce carbon dioxide, water, and the energy needed to maintain life. Purpose: To determine how carbon dioxide cycles through a biological system by performing the “Carbon Transfer Through Snails and Elodea” lab activity. Procedure: 1. Read through the background information and purpose. Create your own question for what you are investigating in this experiment. a. Problem (in question form): How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? 2. Obtain 8 test tubes of equal size/volume and number the test tubes 1-8. Fill each test tube with approximately 30 mL of deionized water. 3. Add enough bromothymol blue (BTB) indicator to solution to each test tube to change the water to a green color (about 3 mL). 4. What is Bromothymol Blue? Why is the BTB in the test tube green (Hint: recall the teacher demonstration)? Bromothymol blue is an indicator that changes color when carbon dioxide is present. Green in...
Words: 1222 - Pages: 5
...The effects of light intensity on oxygen release of Elodea. Light is a necessity in the functions of life. Without light, phototrophs like Protista, Fungi and Monera will simply not respire. Photosynthesis will not occur and therefore plant-life will perish resulting in Earth’s atmosphere having an insufficient amount of oxygen. This deficiency of light will affect how all organisms conduct respiration. Additionally, the conversion of light intensity to glucose, water and oxygen is regarded as a type of plant homeostasis. By being bombarded with a high frequency of photons, the plant will need a way to sufficiently balance out the input of light intensity by outputting a larger amount of products. Homeostasis is a biological process which adjusts an organism’s inner chemical structure back to equilibrium with minor external changes. So this investigation will aim to determine how the increase/decrease of light photons can affect the rate at which oxygen is released at. Therefore, this examination is a vital research topic as scientists can corroborate this research towards the understanding of homeostasis in plants. Photosynthesis is a chemical process where all plants convert carbon dioxide gas,...
Words: 1214 - Pages: 5
...Introduction: Photosynthesis is one of the most fundamental processes that take place in plants and some other organisms. Photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy of a carbohydrate (Mader & Windelspecht, 2013).The whole process takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells containing the pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is one of the most important molecules in existence as all energy capture starts from there (Mader, 2010). If none of this pigment is in existence, plants would be able to absorb all spectrums of light including green light and thus would then appear black instead of green (Mader & Windelspecht, 2013). Light energy, Carbon dioxide and water is needed for the production of simple sugars and oxygen. Chemical...
Words: 1544 - Pages: 7
...Lab report Aim: to be able to find out the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis Hypothesis: I think that as the light intensity will increase or the light source will get closer, the plant will produce more oxygen meaning more bubbles will be produced. Therefore the photosynthesis will become quicker Materials: power pack, elodea plant, lamp, test tube, room temperature water, thermometer, ruler, stopwatch Variables Independent-changing light intensity or the distance of the light source from the plant Dependent- bubbles produced per minute Variable- Method * Step 1 place the Elodea pondweed in a testube filled with room temperature water. * Step 2- place the testube with the elodea pondweed into another beaker filled with room temperature water. Use the thermometer to check the temperature of the water. * Step 3 – connect the lamp to a power pack and keep it at the same voltage or power. * Step 4- place the beaker with the testube in front of the light source ( lamp) * Step 5 – use a ruler to measure the distance between the lamp and the beaker each time doing the experiment. * Step 6 – Count the bubbles per minute made by the elodea plant using a stop watch and record the results in a table format. * Step 7 – to ensure accuracy repeat the experiment several times using different distances (at least three times) and replace the water in the beaker each time after the experiment. Source: virtual experiment done from the...
Words: 409 - Pages: 2
...Izzaaz Haaziq Hishamudin Life Science Lab Report. Section 808 Photosynthesis. 19th of October 2012. Introduction Definition: Photosynthesis is the physico-chemical process by which plants, algae and photosynthetic bacteria use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds. In plants, algae and certain types of bacteria, the photosynthetic process results in the release of molecular oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere that is used to synthesize carbohydrates (oxygenic photosynthesis) Whitmarsh, John. "THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROCESS." Life Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. <http://www.life.illinois.edu/govindjee/paper/gov.html>. Photosynthesis equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 Light reaction: The light reaction happens in the thylakoid membrane and converts to chemical energy from light energy. Therefore, this reaction must take place in the light. Chlorophyll and several other pigments like beta carotene are organized in clusters in the thylakoid membrane and are involved in the light reaction. Dark reaction: The dark reaction occurs in the stroma, inside the chloroplast, and converts carbon dioxide to sugar. Although this reaction does not need light energy for it to take place, it does need ATP and NADPH. Dark reaction also includes the “Calvin cycle,” where carbon dioxide and the energy from ATP are used to make sugar. Chloroplast structure: An outer and inner membrane. Inside the inner membrane is a mix of...
Words: 846 - Pages: 4
...experiment: Pages 204-212 What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells do not have organelles. State the function of mitochondria, chloroplasts, nuclei, and lysosomes. Mitochondria facilitate aerobic cellular respiration, chloroplasts is where photosynthesis occurs, nuclei holds the cell’s genetic material, and lysosomes recycle and break down macromolecules. What is the evidence for endosymbiosis? The similar size and composition shows that mitochondria were initially a bacteria. Mitochondria were engulfed. The aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were kept inside a larger, heterotrophic eukaryotic cell by endosymbiosis. Chloroplasts also arose by endosymbiosis. Photosynthetic bacteria were engulfed y aerobic eukaryotes. Do plant cells have mitochondria? Plant cells have mitochondria. Compare and contrast a typical plant cell and an animal cells? Animal cells don’t have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a vacuole. Post-Lab Why did you not observe chloroplasts in the onion epidermis? The clear epidermal cells consist of a single layer and do not contain chloroplasts because the onion fruiting body is used for storing energy not photosynthesis. What is the function of cell walls? Name the cells which did not have cell walls? Why did the Paramecium not have a cell wall? How do antibiotics attack cell walls of bacteria? Why do they not kill fungi? Cell walls protect the cell and provide structural support. Animal and bacterial...
Words: 371 - Pages: 2
...Name __________________________________________________ Date ___________________ Class ____________ Photosynthesis Virtual Labs Tutorial: http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/science_up_close/512/deploy/interface.html Watch and listen to the tutorial found in the link above. Fill in the following answers as you watch. Stop and replay anything you don’t understand – this is a complicated topic! food 1. Plants use photosynthesis to make __________________ for the plant. 2. What do plants need in order to perform photosynthesis? Plants need light ( usually from the sun) in order to perform photosynthesis. 3. How is the plant able to obtain each “ingredient?” The plant obtains each ingredient from the air through open pores or holes in the leaves. 4. Identify the plant cell organelle in which photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts 5. Summarize the process of photosynthesis. Water and carbon enter the chloroplast….. When sun shines on the leaf, the chlorophyll in the chloroplast absorb some of the energy in the light. A chemical reaction occurs that changes the water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen. The energy from the light is ultimately stored in the sugar. 6. What happens to the oxygen that is produced as a result of photosynthesis? The oxygen is released into the air. 7. Why is photosynthesis also important for people and animals? We get oxygen from the air when we breathe. And also if we eat fruits and vegetables, we get energy...
Words: 775 - Pages: 4
...Laboratory Report: Photosynthesis Patrick McInerney Life Science Lab (sec. 801) 10:00-11:50 Mondays March 11, 2011 Contents Introduction Page 3 Procedure and Results Page 4 Data Results Page 6 Explanations and Conclusions Page 7 References Page 8 Photosynthesis Questions and Answers Page 9 I. Introduction Why do we care about photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is not only important to the survival of plants, but to the existence of most of life on Earth. Green plants are a vital part of the circle of life because they ultimately provide food for consumers (organisms that rely on eating other organisms, like plants) to survive. Photosynthesis is also important in the exchange of carbon dioxide to oxygen, 2 very important inorganic compounds needed for all life forms. Process of photosynthesis: Heterotrophs, like fungi and animals, must consume to survive, but autotrophs, like plants, algae, and cynobacteria, make their own food. In other words, plants do not grow from absorbing nutrients from the soil, but they also use the process of photosynthesis to make food. Plants “breath in” carbon dioxide (a raw material for photosynthesis) through small openings in their leaves, called stomata. Stomata are responsible delivering carbon dioxide to mesophyll cells. The roots of plants absorb water into a vascular tissue, which travels up to the plant’s leaves. Then the water and carbon...
Words: 2640 - Pages: 11
...of spinach leaf * Demonstrate proper techniques involved in using centrifuge * Using filtration and centrifugation, separate the chloroplast from other organelles in a spinach leaf * Identify mitochondrion in an onion cell Materials: * Fresh spinach leaves * Grinding solution * 0.33 M sorbitol * 10mM sodium pyrophosphate (NaPO) * 4mMMgCl * 2mM Ascorbic Acid * Adjust pH to 6.5 with HCl * Chopping board and knife * Chilled mortar and pestle * Cheesecloth * Refrigerated preparative centrifuge * Suspension solution * 0.33 M Sorbitol * 2mMEDTA * 1rnMMgCl * 50rnMHEPES * Adjust pH to 7.6 with NaOH * Hematocytometer and microscope * Ice bath * Sprig of elodea Procedures: Part 1: Choroplasts from Spinach Leaves 1. Prepare an ice bath and pre-cool all glassware to be used. 2. Select several fresh spinach leaves and remove the large veins by tearing them loose from the leaves. Weigh out 4.0 grams of...
Words: 1049 - Pages: 5
...De Cat November 5 2013 Lab 1 Pigments & Absorption Introduction Autotrophs, a group of organisms to which plants belong, obtain their own food and energy through ways other than hunting and ingestion. Almost all plants use photosynthesis to obtain their energy. Using the CO2 in the air that surrounds them, plants can create the energy needed to survive. The process is split into two parts; the “light” reactions occur by using light from the sun to activate electrons in the photosystem to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) the main requirement for metabolism. After this has occurred, the “dark” reactions occur where ATP is reduced to coenzymes in several complex cycles, and with the help of CO2, glucose is produced. This is a simplified explanation of course, as the entire photosynthetic process contains many different reactions and cycles. Overall, this is a very effective way of obtaining energy, and allows a whole manner of organisms to thrive almost anywhere on Earth. Purpose The purpose of this lab is conduct three experiments that answer the questions: - Where to plants conduct photosynthesis? - What photosynthetic pigments do they use? - What wavelength of light works best for photosynthesis? Materials -Microscope -Elodea -Microscope slide / cover slip -Spinach leaves -Mortar / pestle -Distilled water -80% acetone -Sand -Filter paper -Coleus / Germanium -Funnel -Spectrophotometer -Chromatography paper -Spec tubes -Kimwipes -Test...
Words: 1228 - Pages: 5
...Texas Watch Newsletter Lesson 1: Dissolved Oxygen Testing Water Quality Sampling Time Frame: Three 45-50 minute class Grade Level: 8th – 12th grade Overview: Dissolved Oxygen Dissolved oxygen is the form of oxygen in water that is freely available to aquatic plants and animals. Dissolved oxygen is vital to fish and other aquatic life and for the prevention of odors. Oxygen is transferred from the atmosphere into surface waters, as well as being produced by aquatic plants, algae and phytoplankton as a by-product of photosynthesis. Once dissolved in water, oxygen diffuses throughout a water body very slowly since distribution depends on the movement of aerated water by turbulence and currents, water flow and thermal upwelling. Traditionally, the level of dissolved oxygen has been accepted as the single most important indicator of a water body’s ability to support desirable aquatic life. The amount of oxygen required varies according to species and the stage of life of a species. Usually, dissolved oxygen levels of 5.0 to 6.0 part per million (ppm) are required for growth and activity. Dissolved oxygen levels below 3.0 ppm are stressful to most aquatic organisms. When levels fall below 2.0 ppm for an extended period of time, most fish will not survive. Oxygen is a particularly sensitive constituent because its availability during different times of day and times of year is influenced by temperature, other chemicals present in the water, and biological processes. Temperature...
Words: 3802 - Pages: 16
...The Diversityof Life Lab Manual Stephen W. Ziser Department of Biology Pinnacle Campus for BIOL 1409 General Biology: The Diversity of Life Lab Activities, Homework & Lab Assignments 2013.8 Biol 1409: Diversity of Life – Lab Manual, Ziser, 2013.8 1 Biol 1409: Diversity of Life Ziser - Lab Manual Table of Contents 1. Overview of Semester Lab Activities Laboratory Activities . . . . . . . . . 2. Introduction to the Lab & Safety Information . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 15 30 39 46 54 68 81 104 147 3. Laboratory Exercises Microscopy . . . . . . Taxonomy and Classification . Cells – The Basic Units of Life . Asexual & Sexual Reproduction Development & Life Cycles . . Ecosystems of Texas . . . . The Bacterial Kingdoms . . . The Protists . . . . . . The Fungi . . . . . . . The Plant Kingdom . . . . The Animal Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13 17 22 26 29 . 32 . 42 . 50 . 59 . 89 4. Lab Reports (to be turned in - deadline dates as announced) Taxonomy...
Words: 21204 - Pages: 85
...1 UNIT 1 Living Things and Their Environment DRAFT April 29, 2014 Photo Credit: http://www.flyingfourchette.com/2013/05/25/around-ubud/ 2 UNIT 1: Living Things and Their Environment Introduction At this point, students have already learned in Grade 8 how the body breaks down food into forms that can be absorbed through the digestive system and then transported to each cell, which was on the other hand discussed in Grade 7 to be the basic unit of life. The learners have also discovered that cells divide to produce new cells by mitosis and meiosis. They have understood that meiosis is an early step in sexual reproduction that leads to variation. Students have been introduced to genetics to be able to appreciate evolutionary differences among species. Learners have also found out that biodiversity is the collective variety of species living in an ecosystem, and by studying the ecosystem; they have come across the various cycling of materials and energy transformation. DRAFT April 29, 2014 All modules in Grade 9 Unit 1-Living Things and Their Environment present student-centered activities that will allow the learners to discover and develop concepts that they may consider useful to their everyday life. At the end of each lesson, key concepts are provided for the students to grasp ideas and information that they will remember even after they have left school. Instructional activities are designed to build up the students’ knowledge, understanding, skills, and ability to transfer...
Words: 68324 - Pages: 274
