...JAN REVIEW PAPER Measurement of empathy in nursing research: systematic review Juping Yu & Maggie Kirk Accepted for publication 16 July 2008 Correspondence to M. Kirk: e-mail: mkirk@glam.ac.uk Juping Yu MSc PhD RN Research Fellow Faculty of Health, Sport and Science, University of Glamorgan, Wales, UK Maggie Kirk BSc PhD RN Head of Research/Leader Genomics Policy Unit and Lead Professional Specialist (Nursing Professions) NHS National Genetics Education and Development Centre Faculty of Health, Sport and Science, University of Glamorgan, Wales, UK YU J. & KIRK M. (2008) Measurement of empathy in nursing research: systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 64(5), 440–454 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04831.x Abstract Title. Measurement of empathy in nursing research: systematic review. Aim. This paper is a report of a systematic review to identify, critique and synthesize nursing studies of the measurement of empathy in nursing research. Background. The profound impact of empathy on quality nursing care has been recognized. Reported empathy levels among nurses range from low to welldeveloped and there is clearly debate about what constitutes empathy and how it can be measured and improved. Data sources. Searches were made of the CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases, using the terms ‘empathy’, ‘tool’, ‘scale’, ‘measure’, ‘nurse’, and ‘nursing’, singly or in combination to identify literature published in the English language between 1987 and 2007. Methods...
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...social reasoning from narrative characters tested the effects of interactivity on cognitive empathy. The study took place in three fourth grade classrooms, using convenience sampling and cluster assignment. The study compared print and hypertext versions of two illustrated stories using between-subjects, posttest-only control group design. Perspective taking and fantasy identification were measured through questionnaires, and two intrapersonal empathy outcomes were measured through writing prompts. Interactivity was found to negatively affect fantasy identification and intrapersonal empathy. Thus for a reader positioned outside of a story, perceived agency may reduce identification with characters and therefore reduce their effectiveness as social models. These findings may inform the design of media to support observational learning of social reasoning. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between affective empathy, cognitive empathy, and gender on cyber bullying among adolescents. Participants were 396 adolescents from Singapore with age ranging from 12 to 18 years. Adolescents responded to a survey with scales measuring both affective and cognitive empathy, and cyber bullying behavior. A three-step hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used with cyber bullying scores as the dependent variable. Gender was dummy coded and both affective and cognitive empathy were centered using the sample mean prior to creating interaction terms and entering them into...
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...between emotional empathy and paranoia in both male and female students. Hypothesis of the study was that there is negative correlation between emotional empathy and imposter paranoia. 230 students (115 males and 115 females) were conveniently selected from different departments of university of Karachi. This was a correlational research design. Students were given consent and demographic forms followed by the questionnaire. Two questionnaire were administered multi-dimensional scale of emotional empathy comprised of 30 items and fenigstein and vanable 1992 scale comprised of 20 items were administered. Hypothesis has been proved with insignificant results .results showed that there...
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...Empathize: Empathy is the ability to not only detect what others feel but also to experience that emotion yourself. It is to understand the experience, the object, and the process, from the point of view of another. There are many benefits to empathy such as, connecting people together, healing, building trust, and closing loops. One may need to have a certain amount of empathy before being able to experience accurate sympathy or compassion. Define: To define is to state or describe exactly the nature, scope, or meaning of something. Defining a problem is simple; all you need to do is break the problem down so it could be easily solved. Then find multiple perspectives. It is always a great idea to look at things with different prospective, and then ask yourself, what is the nature of the problem to be solved? Ideate: It’s not about coming up with the ‘right’ idea, it’s about generating the broadest range of possibilities.” – Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford. Ideate is the space in design thinking where individuals and teams elevate and celebrate the power of possibility. It is the transition from identifying a particular question or problem to generating a wide variety of potential answers and solutions. Prototype: A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product that is built to examine a concept or process or to act as a thing to be replicated or learned from. It basically synthesize the solutions into a product design; a website; a building;...
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...end of term 1, we have finished the sense and sensibility phrase and empathy phrase. In sense and sensibility stage, we have come out with our issues and project statement which is “How can we help the locals and foreign students to socialise better?” In the empathy stage, we had done an interview to our potential users and drawn a persona with the data collected. In this project, especially for the empathy stage, I learned better in how to use design thinking tools. One thing that I think especially useful is the interview. It is applied during empathy phrase to gather insights about the relationship between locals and foreign students. Before the interview, my idea of the relationship between locals and foreigner mainly come from what Medias portray and that may not be the accurate picture of relationship between foreign and local student as the Media always highlight issues that are unusual and not of the common. It did happen to my case as I do the interview in expectation of an answer similar to what Medias portrayal but the answer prove me wrong. It really make a difference in our project as if I have not done the interview and jump to persona stage, I might probably do a different persona and ideation and get the prototype wrong. This shows that interview is an effective tool of gathering information in empathy phrase and in future project; I will continue to use it. The most difficult design thinking process is sense and sensibility, to describe the issue and...
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...R-directed Thinking Most of us desire to become a lawyer, an accountant or a computer programmer because they are well paid and decent. But, this thought may be outdated. Daniel Pink in his book ‘ A Whole New Mind’ put forward that the future belongs to a very different kind of person with a very different kind of mind. A new world in which “right brain” qualities-inventiveness, empathy, meaning-predominate will substitute for the era of “left brain” dominance, and the Information Age engendered. In this book, the author first starts to describe how our brains work from a high-level point of view. The human brain is divided into two hemispheres, a left and a right part. The author explains the differences between these two parts of our brains, stating that left-brain (L-directed) thinking implies more logical, linear reasoning while right-brain (R-directed) thinking is more holistic and artistic. The message that he is trying to bring across is that while society highly values L-directed thinking, R-directed thinking is getting more and more important in the world of tomorrow. Daniel divides L-directed thinking into three types: abundance, Asia and automation. Abundance has satisfied, even oversatisfied, the material needs of millions. They pursue the multifunctional goods. However, for business, it’s no longer enough to create a product that’s reasonably priced and adequately functional. Abundance have to pay more attention to beautiful, unique and meaningful to satisfied...
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...The absence of empathy may lead to discrimination, but compassion is the way to fill the void, not empathy. Compassion embodies all the benefits of empathy, but the cons are fairly non-existent. One such case where compassion was needed is the Tom Robinson court case. Tom Robinson had been accused of forcing himself on Mayella Ewell, but he denied the claims saying they were inverted. The jury eventually found Tom guilty, although the evidence was highly in his favor. The outcome reintroduced already existing feelings of discrimination. Had the jury been able to feel compassion, or even sympathy for Tom, he may have been able to come out innocent from the wrongful accusation. If the jury felt empathy, the same result may have happened. Since...
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...For Any Product to be Successful, Empathy Is Key * Jon Kolko November 20, 2014 Meet Mary, a college student I met at a Texas state school. She’s a Junior, and she’s changed her major three times. She picked her first major because her mom told her to. She picked her most recent course of study because her best friend is doing it, too. Mary wants to travel the world when she graduates. She’s very aware of the amount her education is costing her family. She loves college, but she’s anxious about her future. She’s anxious about decisions. She’s anxious about everything. Now imagine you’re designing a product to try to help Mary ease her anxieties. Based on this fairly typical profile of a college student, you can start to intellectually analyze Mary and her situation. But what you really need to create a good product is empathy, and empathy isn’t about intellectually knowing – it’s about feeling. To feel what Mary feels, you need to spend time with her, learn about her specific wants, needs, and desires, and get to experience her emotions. In the world of design-led product innovation, pursuit of empathy is the key to success. To reap the benefits of the other ‘e’ words that we hear so much about when it comes to creating products (experience, engagement, and emotion), you need to have empathy with the people who will buy, use, and experience your products or services. If you are building products for college students, like I am, that means feeling what it’s like to be...
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... Content 2.1 Tangible 2.2 Service reliability 2.3 Responsiveness 2.4 Assurance 2.5 Empathy | | 3.0 Conclusion | | 4.0 Reference | | 1.0 Introduction There are many definition of the quality. One of the definitions of quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs of the customers or the buyers. In simpler words, one can say that a product or service has good quality when it complies with the requirements specified by the client. Different people have different perspective and way to evaluate about the quality of the product. Besides product quality there is also service quality Service quality also has different definition and also more difficult to define then product quality. It is because, services have more diverse quality attribute then product and customer involvement is also high. To define service quality, it all started from customers, as quality is all that it implies for consumer and their perception about the service quality provided. In fact, service quality is achieved if customer expectations are satisfied, or exceeded. Service quality is undoubtedly a significant element of service product design process, as it influences the volume of demand for a given service product, as well as customer profile of this service product. Service quality also play very important...
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...At the event, I learned how to use empathy towards a client to create a campaign, and how creativity and innovation can make a new popular commercial. Keynote Speaker from Young and Laramore discussed having empathy towards the client and their publics. Members from her agency's team went into homes of their target audience to interview them. They did this so they would get true, authentic answers. When the interviewee is in their own environment, they are more likely to remain themselves. From listening to their personal stories, they were able to watch their movements and record their response. This resulted in creating a campaign about the cliché when imagining something bad happening, to knock on wood. This commercial was able to relate to a wide range of key publics. They put a fun twist to the cliché and they would not have had this success without empathizing to their publics lifestyle and seeing their habits first-hand....
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Service industries are playing an increasingly important role in the economy of many nations. In today‟s global competition, service quality is portrait to be the key for success and many experts concur that the most powerful competitive trend currently shaping marketing and business strategy is the service quality. High service quality is correlated with an increase in profitability in organisations because of repeated sales, positive word-of- mouth, feedback, customer loyalty and competitive product differentiation hence resulting in satisfied customers (Abdullah, 2006). In Malaysia, the service sector has increased significantly over the years. In 1980 it had contributed to 44.7% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 46.0% of the total employment of the country, by 2005 the GDP had grown to 60.8% and the total employment at 58.0%. As it was written by the Edge Financial Daily (2011), Malaysia‟s high education sector has increased the number of both private and public institutions. It was stated that there are about 20 public universities, 26 private universities, 23 private university colleges and 5 foreign universities with branch campuses. With this ample of institutions in the country the number of students heading abroad for higher education has decreased sharply from 117, 297 in the year 2000 to 58, 963 in 2009. Also there has been an increase of international students in local private universities 1 from 1995...
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...Michael Ayala 5/12/12 Psych 1 Assessment 1 Essay In the the first example, the researcher used the experimental design in his study to examine how poeple respond to pictures of faces with different racial features. The experimental design is when the experimenter isolates and controls all the variables excpet one, he makes sure that variable is the only one causing the desired effect. The The independent variable, which is the variable that the researcher is manipulating, is computer program that he created that will randomly generate the faces as each subject comes in. In this study the researcher used random assignment as the the subject would come in the the room. Random assignment is went the experimental and control groups a non-systematic and randomized way. The way he did this is by not telling his research nor the subjects knew which order they were going in. The team of researchers that found that the more time students spend interacting with technology, the less empathy they show towards other by doing a correlation study. Since many students already use technology a lot this was would be easier to use. The students increased use of their devices is one variable and their lower empathy towards other is the second one making a negative correlation. A negative correlation is a correlation indicating that the variables simultaneous in opposite directions. The second researcher...
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... for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in us and in our relationships. Building commitment and trust rapidly is of the essence to work effectively together within a project (Burgess and Turner, 2000) thus knowledge on EI can be of distinct advantage to project managers. This article questions whether EI can be developed to improve project management competencies by targeting a number of emotional abilities and empathy for training. Three hypothesises (i.e. improvements in emotional abilities, empathetic abilities and project management [PM] competencies in relation to teamwork and conflict management will be found not immediately but six months after the post training period) were tested in the study. Participants of the programme included a total of three groups: one from each of the two organisations' which required participation and one group from the Project Management Institute chapter. A pre/post-test which collected results one month prior, one month after and six months after were used with a quasi-experimental design (Campbell and Stanley, 1963). Mayer-Salovey-Caruso- Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT V2.0), Mehrabian and Epstein's (1972) 33-item test and a self-report 7-item scale was used to examine the three hypothesises. The results suggested that understanding emotions was the only emotional ability that had a positive development following the training. According to Clarke (2009) the failure to detect changes in perceiving and using...
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...A Reflection on my Development of Non-verbal Communication and Empathy In this annotated bibliography, I summarized and critiqued three peer-reviewed articles. I also reflected on how these articles changed my view on how foundational registered nursing skills, such as non-verbal communication and empathy, develop. Chan, Z. Y. (2013). A qualitative study on non-verbal sensitivity in nursing students. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 1941-1950. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04324.x The author found that non-verbal skills, such as appropriate touch, facial expression, body positioning, and voice, improved patient outcomes (Chan, 2013). Chan (2013) used a qualitative research design with 16 nursing students from Hong Kong to determine how the...
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...GauravProject Report On Submitted as a part of CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT- 2 For the partial fulfillment of award of degree of Master of Business Administration Submitted by | Submitted to | Ghanshyam Mishra | Dr. R.Chatterjee | | | Batch No-3 | | School of Business Dec 2012 Gaps Model of Service Quality Perceived Service Expected Service CUSTOMER COMPANY Customer Gap GAP 1 GAP 2 GAP 3 External Communications to Customers GAP 4 Service Delivery Customer-Driven Service Designs and Standards Company Perceptions of Consumer Expectations * Customer Gap:- difference between expectations and perceptions * Provider Gap 1:- not knowing what customers expect * Provider Gap 2:- not having the right service designs and standards * Provider Gap 3:- not delivering to service standards * Provider Gap 4:- not matching performance to promises Analysis Of Axis Bank- Axis Bank was the first of the new private banks to have begun operations in 1994.The Bank as on 30th September, 2012 is capitalized to the extent of Rs. 414.53 cores with the public holding (other than promoters and GDRs) at 53.80%. The Bank's Registered Office is at Ahmadabad and its Central Office is located at Mumbai. The Bank has a very wide network of more than 1600 branches (including 169 Service Branches/CPCs as on 30th June, 2012). The Bank has a network of over 10000 ATMs (as on 30th June, 2012) providing 24 hrs a day banking convenience to its...
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