...Issue Under North Carolina law, does a person have a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress against an actor who posts negative information about that person on a risqué website, who attempts to cause that person severe distress with the negative information that she posts, and whose actions result in a level of distress that requires that the person receives treatment under a doctor’s care. Brief Answer Yes. Bert Cooper probably has a cause of action for intentional infliction of emotional distress against Ellie Saxon. A plaintiff in an intentional infliction of emotional distress case must prove that the conduct of the defendant was extreme and outrageous, that the defendant’s actions were intended to cause...
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...that book value (owners' equity) and market value are both "stock" variables indicating the wealth of the firm's equity holders. The related "flow" variables (after adjusting for dividends) are, respectively, earnings divided by price at the beginning of the return period {A/P~i) and market returns. It then follows that earnings divided by beginning of period price should be associated with stock returns. Although models based on a relation between market value and book value are used occasionally in the accounting research literature (see, for example, Landsman [1986], Harris and Ohlson [1987], and Barth * Macquarie University and University of Chicago; tColumbia University. The paper is a revised version of working papers entitled "An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers: Further Evidence" and "Evidence of Accounting Earnings as an Index of Change in Value." The authors would like to acknowledge comments from workshop participants at the following universities; Arizona, Auckland, California at Berkeley, California at Los Angeles, Columbia, CUNY-Baruch College, Harvard, Macquarie, Michigan, New South Wales (AGSM), and Southern California. Special thanks are due to Vic Bernard, Jim Haggard, Robert Lipe, Jim Ohlson, Eric Noreen, Stephen Penman, Ram Ramakrishnan^ Jake Thomas, and anonymous referees. The study was partly funded by the Faculty Research Fund, Columbia Business School, Columbia University and by the Institute of...
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...Business and Finance ISSN: 2305-1825 (Online), 2308-7714 (Print) http://www.escijournals.net/JBF LACK OF TIMELINESS AS AN EXPLANATION OF THE LOW CONTEMPORANEOUS RETURNS-EARNINGS ASSOCIATION Jaouida E. Trabelsi Institute of the High Commercial Studies of Sfax (IHEC), University of Sfax, Tunisia. A B S T R A C T This paper empirically tests whether the low contemporaneous returns-earnings association set by previous empirical researches may be explained by lack of timeliness of accounting numbers. It hypothesises that if the criteria for accounting recognition yield a multi-period lag in earnings recognitions of economic events and if these events affect an informed market immediately when they occur, then future periods’ earnings would have explanatory for current returns as well as current earnings. To assess the significance of future earnings as an explanatory variable for stock returns we regress at first step annual returns on current earnings and at second step, annual returns on current earnings and successively next period and next two periods’ earnings. Results show that future earnings continue to explain current returns. The evidence is characteristic of a substantial recognition lag in earnings that extends to the immediate next period. However, over one year, earnings do not seem reflecting any relevant economic event impounded in security prices at previous period. The earnings recognition lag seems to decrease after one year. Keywords: Value-relevance, Accounting earnings...
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...participation in study abroad programs and in innovative intercultural communication curricula setup precisely for this target group. In their effort to create this cross-cultural skills curricula for business students, Alliance members initially faced three tasks: defining the problem in theoretical rather than anecdotal terms; developing a set of pedagogical practices grounded in that theoretical framework, and which could be deployed in the study abroad context; and gathering empirical data in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the practices. The decision to use the study abroad experience as a primary vehicle for teaching intercultural communication was also based on a widely held assumption: "one of the most frequently articulated assumptions of study abroad programs is that study in a foreign country for an extended period of time will bring about enhanced levels of international understanding and concern." (Carlson and Widamen, 2) However, as Carlson and Widamen note, there is little empirical evidence supporting this assumption. The...
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...evidence is limited. Some other studies show that the relationship between profitability and customer loyalty is not strong. In a study of Swedish firms, Anderson et al.(1997) find that the relationship between customer satisfaction and return on investment varies across industries.The mixed evidence about the effect of SQ on profitability suggests that the effect depends on the operating context. 1.2 Conformance quality(CQ) CQ is an internal measure of quality and is defined as the degree to which stores conform to prescribed standards related to logistics activities. Many scholars like Maani et al. (1994), White (1996), and Krishnan et al. (2000) argue that investment in CQ may benefit the company in a long term, but there is limited empirical evidence for the positive effect of CQ on financial...
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...therapy principles, he discusses strategies for implementation, and provides research data supporting its effectiveness, including post release outcomes on the Reasoning and Rehabilitation (R & R) program. Porporino’s conclusions are subsequently compared with other researcher’s opinions and research based empirical data. Methodology Porporino criticises several programs he reviewed that claimed to be cognitive. In particular, he disregards motivational programs that lack empirical evidence of reduction of recidivism, and those programs that criticise forms of thinking without providing reasoning. Likewise, he dismisses programs that criticise current forms of thinking without providing reasoning, or adapted to corrections without adequate training or strategies for implementation. He is also critical of holistic programs that claim to address life skills, stating that they lack the systematic targeting of key factors that maintain criminal attitudes. Although in 1991, he advocated for a living skills program based on the success of the cognitive skills program. Furthermore, he dismisses cognitive programming models based on stages of morality, because they lack empirical evidence and he maintains they are not cognitive (Porporino, 1995, p.p. 2, 3, 18). Why cognitive Porporino maintains it is important to change ways of thinking to reduce recidivism, because risk factors that indicate propensity to offend can influence and maintain attitudes for continued offending....
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...Siemens AG: Global Development Strategy • What were the major causes of the problems with the NetManager project? (I’m not looking for a list of points made in the case; I’m looking for you to step back to a higher level and analyze why these problems occurred.) The problems experienced by the NetManager project appear to be symptoms of integration vs. responsiveness issue within Siemens AG. As a transnational company, Siemens faces strong pressure to globally integrate its operations, and be responsive to the needs of their offices and customer’s needs. The main problem with NetManager was that it had mushroomed in size and strategic importance. This was the result of keeping up with the rapidly changing technological demands, and NetManager becoming a highly visible product for Siemens’ largest customers. Analyzing the various problems, we see that despite the competence of the Bangalore RDC, there is a serious number of integration problems between Munich headquarters and Bangalore. First, there was a gap in product knowledge and competence, which resulted in unrealistic expectations such as project deadlines. Indians held proficiency in desktop and personal computing programming languages, while the Germans held extensive product knowledge concerning their EWSD technology and its functions. As the project grew in size and scope, it required interdependence amongst EWSD systems, knowledge held by German management and not sufficiently provided to Bangalore. Then...
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...with each other. There had been multiple requests to the state department for increased security forces even months before the attack. These requests were denied due to lack of efficient intelligence information supporting the request. Without the proper information through intelligence US troops would have been put at a greater risk by going into the unknown rather than preparing for the mission ahead. Once the attack began there was not enough time for US forces to arrive and cause any changes in the outcome. The decision to send more security should have been made long before the attack occurred. There was absolutely not enough security, and had there been the results could have been significantly better. Sufficient security may or may not have prevented the attack but there is a chance that the results could have resulted in fewer deaths. Strong security forces can affect outcomes of situations such as these in many ways. A large security team can cause intimidation against those committing these attacks just by having the numbers to closely fight the group they are facing. This attack had very little security causing the look from an outsiders view to be seen as a greater chance of success while more security would do the opposite and cause thoughts of possible failure instead. In areas such as this where we cannot rapidly respond to uprisings and threats we should have roaming patrols. By implanting this security posture we could increase response time in areas...
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...The result of the tests conducted at different locations and times can be found in Table 1 of Appendices. By comparing the estimated number of people within 100 meters against the number of people found by WeChat (within 100 meters), it can be observed that there is a huge deviation. Similarly, there is a variation between the estimated number of people who is likely to be on WeChat and the number of people found by WeChat. The differences in the results can be explained by various reasons and they are as follows: 1. Generally, user with WeChat app is found to be very common in China. However, in Singapore where many social apps are available, WeChat can be seen as less popular as compared to apps like Whatsapp, Line and Tango. Hence, smaller amount of users resulted in lesser number of people discovered by WeChat’s Look Around function. 2. People might have installed WeChat but do not access or use it because they are using other apps (i.e. Whatsapp, Line, etc) to communicate. Hence, information such as user’s location is unavailable on WeChat’s web server. 3. For tests conducted outside of institution (i.e. ID 5 – 6 and 8 – 10): it is likely that users have disabled their “location services” feature of the mobile device or have chosen to delete their location data (in WeChat) to prevent unnecessary data lost and to protect their privacy. Such act affected WeChat’s app ability to determine user’s location. Alternatively, user might be connected to a network with...
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...statement would have to be use in order to get the facts so the improvement can be made. The second task is explanation which involves analysis, the cause and effect in order to provide a better understanding of what the larger issues are. Take the time to see what can drive and influences a particular outcome; the company should focus on identification of causal factors and be able to understand on how much this factor will create or contribute to specific outcomes. Once the company understands that they can then begin develop models that can help them to make changes or potential changes on the factor at hands. In order to fine out is the resulted from consumption they would need to use the task of evaluation. The company can evaluate result by taking the time to judge, which would often involving ranking information and alternative phenomena according. Find other ways to distributing scarce resources and achieving desired outcomes. To create a natural process and the proper funds for any health care service that produced the desired benefits. Reference Folland Goodman Steno, The Economics of health and health Care, 5th Edition The lecture for this week...
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...sustain competitive advantage: learning by doing, learning by exporting, learning from competitors, users, and alliance partners. In this paper we focus attention on another locus of learning that has received less attention from academics despite popular interest: learning by supplying. Using a detailed panel dataset on supply relationships in the mobile telecommunications industry, we address the following questions: What factors contribute to a firm’s ability to learn by supplying and build technological and market capabilities? Does it matter to whom the firm supplies? Is involvement in product design important, or is manufacturing the key locus of learning? How does a supplier’s initial resource endowment play into the dynamic? Our empirical analysis yields interesting findings that have implications for theory and practice, and that suggest new directions for future research. 1 Learning by Supplying How do firms build capabilities and resources to generate and sustain competitive advantage? This question lies at the very heart of strategic management and has long preoccupied scholars and practitioners alike. While no simple prescriptions have emerged from the decades of study on the topic, scholars have identified some key industry dynamics...
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...Writing Tips For Economics Research Papers∗ Plamen Nikolov, Harvard University † June 10, 2013 1 General Tips about Writing Style When I read your term papers, I look for your ability to motivate your question using economic logic, your ability to critically analyze the past literature, and your ability to recognize empirical problems as they arise. In particular, it is important that your term paper demonstrates that you are more knowledgeable, analytic, and sophisticated about the economics of health or development economics than we would expect, say, a clever editorial writer for The New York Times to be. You should present evidence, cite literature, explain economic trade-os, and generally approach the issue from an analytic perspective. Sometimes, a student is tempted to stray into opinion-page, journalistic writing in his or her term paper. Do not do this. Teaching good economics writing is one of the goals of the departmental writing requirement and is a valuable lesson for potential thesis writers. You will get a lower grade if your writing is • ungrammatical, • unclear, • journalistic. If you have trouble writing grammatically, please leave yourself some extra time and go to a writing 1 tutor . Clarity is the rst priority in economics writing. Do not worry about being snappy if you are being clear. Journalistic writing is characterized by the lack of an analytical tone. Below, you will nd some notes about the...
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...about the current stare of organizational behavior (GB) research and productive future directions. We report the results of a survey of GB scholars about the current importance of various research topics and their importance in an ideal world. We compare the survey responses with an archival analysis of papers published in leading GB journals over a 10-year period. We suggest that many of the topics that our respondents perceive to be ‘under researched’ can be summarized with one particular definition of GB that emphasizes organizing behavior. Considering all three definitions together, we highlight the limitations of the traditional (Big-B and Contextualized-B) definitions and discuss the benefits of a more organizational (Big-O) approach. Copyright ~ 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Introduction The purpose of this empirical essay is to be provocative. This paper is empirical in that it surveys leading organizational hehavior (GB) scholars to identify which topics they believed are currently important in the field and which should be important in an ‘ideal’ world and we compared their responses to an archival analysis of papers published in leading GB journals over a 10 year period. However, the paper is an essay because it is less like a traditional theory-building or theory-testing study, and more like an empirically grounded opinion piece. We use the empirical evidence as a springboard to raise questions about the boundaries and trajectory of research in GB, and to highlight...
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...Information Sharing in Supply Chains: An Empirical and Theoretical Valuation Ruomeng Cui, Gad Allon, Achal Bassamboo, Jan A. Van Mieghem* Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL April 10, 2013 We provide an empirical and theoretical assessment of the value of information sharing in a two-stage supply chain. The value of downstream sales information to the upstream firm stems from improving upstream order fulfillment forecast accuracy. Such improvement can lead to lower safety stock and better service. According to recent theoretical work, the value of information sharing is zero under a large spectrum of parameters. Based on the data collected from a CPG company, however, we empirically show that if the company includes the downstream demand data to forecast orders, the mean squared error percentage improvement ranges from 7.1% to 81.1% in out-of-sample tests. Thus, there is a discrepancy between the empirical results and existing literature: the empirical value of information sharing is positive even when the literature predicts zero value. While the literature assumes that the decision maker strictly adheres to a given inventory policy, our model allows him to deviate, accounting for private information held by the decision maker, yet unobservable to the econometrician. This turns out to reconcile our empirical findings with the literature. These “decision deviations” lead to information losses in the order process, resulting in strictly positive...
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...Summary of Research Results One of the fundamental results of the project is a comprehensive 150-page survey article (Chen, Potts & Woeginger, 1998) published in the Handbook of Combinatorial Optimization. In this article, we described and explained the existing analytical as well as empirical approaches to solving sequencing and scheduling problems. This article has been cited by an increasing number of researchers in their work on algorithmic aspects of sequencing and scheduling. Chen (1999) surveys research on efficient on-line scheduling algorithms and their competitiveness with off-line algorithms, where on-line algorithms differ fundamentally from off-line ones: In on-line problems, partial solutions are required before all problem data are available and these data are made gradually available over time. Decisions based on partial solutions are irrevocable due to the passage of time. In another article (Chen, 2000a) published in the Encyclopaedia of Mathematics, both experience-based approach and sciencebased approach have been described and commented. One of the algorithms strikes an excellent balance between efficiency and effectiveness and has been used as a touchstone for more involved approaches. At a more basic level, several smaller articles (Chen, 2000b) to be published in The Informed Student Guide to the Management Sciences provide beginners in management sciences with basic knowledge of quantitative methods and analysis. All of the aforementioned articles have...
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