...Introduction It is possible to overcome this problem, however, with negotiation skills training. Such training is beyond the scope of this site; however, many good texts on negotiation are available (summaries of several can be found at http://www.colorado.edu/conflict) and a few particularly useful excerpts are summarized in this online training program. In general, it is useful to know and understand the difference between integrative (or win-win) negotiation strategies and distributive (or win-lose) strategies. Win-win strategies are most useful when it is possible to develop a solution to a problem in which both (or all) sides win, or at least come out ahead of where they would, were the conflict to continue. When this is possible, following the rules of principled negotiation is usually the best approach. When the situation is unavoidably win-lose, however, as it often is (at least in part) in intractable conflicts, then principled negotiation is unlikely to work. In that case, either distributive negotiation (which is much more adversarial) or a needs-based approach (such as analytical problem solving) is more likely to yield success. Do you feel that someone is continually taking advantage of you? Do you seem to have to fight your corner aggressively, or ally with others, to win the resources you need? Or do you struggle to get what you want from people whose help you need, but over whom you have little direct authority? If so, you may need to brush up your...
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...of choice is one of the most common vehicles through which managers empower employees in organizations. Although past psychological and organizational research persuasively suggests that choice confers personal agency, and is thus intrinsically motivating, emerging research indicates that there could be potential pitfalls. In this chapter, we examine the various factors that could influence the effects of choice. Specifically, we examine individual-level factors such as the chooser’s socioeconomic status and cultural background. We also examine situational factors such as the content of choice and the number of choices offered. We then expand our discussion on the effect of giving employees extensive choice by looking at its influence on creative performance. In the second half of this chapter, we discuss implications for future organizational behavior research and examine how emerging research on choice making can inform specific managerial practices. Research in Organizational Behavior: An Annual Series of Analytical Essays and Critical Reviews Research in Organizational Behavior, Volume 27, 41–79 Copyright r 2006 by Elsevier Ltd. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 0191-3085/doi:10.1016/S0191-3085(06)27002-3 41 42 ROY YONG-JOO CHUA AND SHEENA S. IYENGAR INTRODUCTION Douglas McGregor’s (1960) specification of Theory X and Theory Y beliefs about human motivation at the workplace has left a lasting impact in management research and practices. Instead...
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... * Survival 2. SMART objectives: * Specific: Clear objectives of what they want to achieve; * Measurable: The organisation has to measure whether they could achieve or not; * Achievable: the organisation sets up objectives so he could achieve it; * Relevant: To assess if what they are going to do it’s going to be as they forecasted; * Timed: it’s the deadline when they set to achieve it. 3. The purpose for setting aims and objectives is to have a clear view of what the organisation is going to do, so that every member of the organisation is going to easily follow it and all of them to work towards the same target. Another purpose would be to give the organisation focus, achieve efficiency, helps plan strategies, gives a basis for assessing performance and allows managers to monitor performance and make changes if necessary. 4. The first person that is interested in an organisation’s aims and objectives is the owner, and after the stakeholders: they could be investors and shareholders. Because they also have invested money in the business. Investors They are the people that put money in an organisation/business and expect that the profit will be high and the risk will be low. They are also concerned about the company’s welfare and in the organisation’s aims and objectives so that they will assess whether they are going to risk their money or not. Shareholders A shareholder is any person, company or institution that is in the possession...
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...Journal of Organizational Behavior, J. Organiz. Behav. 32, 1062–1083 (2011) Published online 7 September 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/job.724 Diversity and organizational innovation: The role of employee involvement YANG YANG1* AND ALISON M. KONRAD2 Management Department, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Department of Organizational Behavior, Richard Ivey School of Business, U. of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada 2 1 Summary This study examined the interactive effects of workplace diversity and employee involvement on organizational innovation. Using a sample of 182 large Canadian organizations, we found a three-way interaction between level of employee involvement, variation in involvement, and racioethnic diversity on innovation. In organizations with high levels of employee involvement, high variation in involvement was associated with higher involvement levels among racioethnic minorities, resulting in a stronger association between diversity and innovation. Furthermore, the association between White employee involvement and innovation was significantly more positive under the condition of high involvement among racioethnic minority group members. Thus, ensuring high levels of involvement among members of historically marginalized racioethnic groups enhances the innovation effects of employee empowerment systems. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Keywords: gender...
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...UNIVERSITY OF GLOUCESTERSHIRE IN ASSOCIATION WITH OPEN LEARNING CENTRE Programme Corporate Management Development Programme (CMDP) Course Diploma in Management Studies Module Managing Change in Organisations Cohort G6 Name Gloria Mutekwa Lecturer Mr. G Mangwiza Mr. S Makeba Word Count 3469 Due Date 18 August 2014 OPEN LEARNING CENTRE AFFIRMATION OF OWN WORK This submission on Managing Change in Organisations is the result of my own work. Primary and secondary sources of information and any contributions to the work by third parties, other than our tutors, have been fully and properly attributed. Should this statement prove to be untrue, I recognise the right and duty of the Board of Examiners to take appropriate action in line with the University of Gloucestershire’s regulations on assessment. Signed Date 18 August 2014 Gloria Mutekwa Assignment Brief You are required to produce a report which applies selected concepts and frameworks from the module content to analyse and critically evaluate a current major change within your own organisation. On the basis of this analysis, provide recommendations which are feasible and justified, and which will improve the current effectiveness of change management in your organisation. You are required to produce a report which applies selected concepts and frameworks from...
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...|[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | Sanitary pads plays a major role in a woman's life. A lady's intimate friend. The quality of sanitary pads can influence ladies' emotions during period. That is why choosing a suitable sanitary pad is very important. According to research, when blood on used sanitary pads is exposed to the air, approximately 100,000 bacteria will grow on it in a mere 4 minute. This has been a major factor of various female sicknesses such as itchiness, sensitive skin, inflammation, lower back pain, fatique, emotionally unstable and others. Kotex is a brand that plays an undeniably significant role in the female population. With almost 60 years of experience in Malaysia, Kotex is constantly striving to develop innovative campaigns and products to help...
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...Underpinnings 1- 2 Philosophy of Education 1- 3 The Goals of Education 1- 5 The Essential Learning Outcomes 1- 6 The Curriculum Design and Development Process 1-11 PART TWO - CURRICULUM CONTENT Vision Statement 2- 2 Rationale for the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics 2- 3 Goals of the Mathematics Curriculum 2- 4 General Intended Outcomes For Forms I, II, and III. 2- 5 Connections to Other Core Curriculum Areas 2- 6 Framework for Mathematics for Forms I, II and III 2- 9 A General Curriculum Framework 2-11 Course Outline for Form III 2-12 PART THREE - STRATEGIES/METHODOLOGIES Teaching and Learning Strategies 3- 2 Suggested Activities 3- 6 Suggested Resources 3-15 PART FOUR - EVALUATION Elaboration of Assessment and Evaluation 4- 2 Evaluation Tools and Strategies 4- 5 Cross-referencing to Teachers’ Guide 4- 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 4- 9 ___________________________________ i ABOUT THIS DRAFT Under the umbrella of the Secondary Education Modernization Programme (SEMP), since the latter part of 1999, new secondary school curricula in eight (8) subjects – Language Arts (English), Science, Mathematics, Social Studies, Spanish, Physical Education, Visual and Performing Arts and Technology Education – have been in development. In this publication you will find the first drafts of the Form III curriculum guide produced for each of the above identified subject areas. These...
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...Notes for Interview – Industrial Relations & Human Resource Dear Friends I have prepared few questions that will help the fresher’s or beginners in interview for IR/HR deptt. I have prepared these questions from my own Experience when I was fresher and these questions were asked by HR/IR heads of various companies. So pl get print out of these notes and do prepration and crack the interview . Thanks & Regards Bhuvnesh Singh MSW 09569780456 What is the difference between PM and HR? Personnel Management is widely used few years back. The main task of PM was to maintain personal records of the employees of the organization. It was just a job to maintain the records (Database), sometime PM use to take care of the recruitment and joining formalities but never expected beyond that. Human Resource Management takes care of all the aspect, right from Strategic planning Recruitment Joining formalities Induction Training Employee relationship Handling Employee Grievances Attrition Retention Exit Formalities Define SHIFT and RELAY. Where the work of the same kind is carried out by two or more of sets of workers working during different periods of the day each of such sets is called RELAY and each of such periods is called SHIFT. Define Job? Job is a collection of task to be performed everyday. What is Job Analysis? Job analysis is the process of studying and collecting information relating...
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...BUSINESS STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE DURING DIFFICULT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS For the Department of Business Innovation and Skills (BIS) John Kitching Robert Blackburn David Smallbone Small Business Research Centre, Kingston University Sarah Dixon School of Management, Bath University June 2009 URN 09/1031 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i 1. INTRODUCTION, RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODS 1 2. RESEARCH CONTEXT 1 2.1 Defining Difficult Economic Conditions 1 2.2 The Current Crisis 1 3. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 1 4. THE BUSINESS STRATEGY AND MANAGEMENT LITERATURE 1 4.1 Business Strategy: General Considerations 1 4.2 Strategic Adaptation to Environmental Jolts, Turbulence and Radical Institutional Change 1 4.3 Strategic Adaptation to Recession 1 4.4 Retrenchment Strategies 1 4.5 Investment Strategies 1 4.6 ‘Ambidextrous’ Strategies 1 4.7 Business Size as an Influence on Strategic Adaptation to Difficult Economic Conditions 1 4.8 International Experience 1 5. CONTEMPORARY COMMENTARY ON THE CURRENT CRISIS 1 6. STRATEGIC RESPONSES IN THE RECESSION: DELIBERATIONS FROM A THINK-TANK 1 6.1 Introduction and Objectives 1 6.2 Business Responses in Recession 1 6.2.1 Knowledge Base 1 6.2.2 Unevenness of Recession 1 6.3 Modelling Strategic Change 1 6.3.1 Typologies of Strategic Change 1 6.3.2 Strategic Thinking and Strategic Actions 1 6.4 The Role of Innovation under Recession Conditions 1 6.5 Roles for Public Policy...
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...Running head: PROBLEM SOLUTION: M-CORE Problem Solution: M-Core Theresa R. Van Dyke University of Phoenix Problem Solution: M-Core [Triple click anywhere in this paragraph to begin typing your introduction.] Describe the Situation Issue and Opportunity Identification M-Core cannot expand without first dealing with the nonemployment disputes that have arisen as a result of their expansion project. The three holdout residents are similar in that they are steadfast in their beliefs to stay in their homes, although their reasons why are much different. Not only does M-Core have a responsibility to their parent company, Silatel Corp., they also have significant ties to the community leaders within the New Oxford City Council. A third party constituent, The Nature’s Gift Society, has also pledged funds to come to the aid of the holdout residents if need be. Addressing the conflict and resolving the disputes must be handled in an efficient and timely manner. Concerns over broken friendships, animosity, and lack of trust with the company and the Council are all valid concerns the company and community leaders have. By resolving the issue with the holdout residents first, the conflict or interference from the society should go away. Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical Dilemmas [Triple click anywhere in this paragraph to begin typing.] Frame the “Right” Problem ...
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...The effects of social media in modern business Introduction Thesis statement: Social media affects modern business positively and negatively. Social media alludes to web-based applications that facilitate interactions in which people exchange information in virtual networks and communities. It requires Internet and mobile technologies to develop interactive platforms that allow users to generate, modify, discuss, and share content. Reach, immediacy, frequency, and permanence are some of the features that distinguish social media from traditional media. Social media technologies have many forms, including Internet forums, social blogs, vlogs, weblogs, wikis, podcasts, social networks, microblogs, and videos/pictures/photographs. Popular social media platforms include YouTube (for video-sharing), Twitter (for microblogging), WordPress and Blogger (for blog hosting), Flickr and Photbucket (for photo-sharing). LinkedIn, MySpace, and Facebook (social networks), Digg (a social news site), eHow (an article directory), and Wikipedia (a collaborative project and wiki-based encyclopedia). Others are content communities, such as DailyMotion, virtual social worlds (Second Life), and virtual game-worlds (World of Warcraft) (Kaplan 129-130). The present paper will discuss the positive and adverse impacts of social media on modern business. Positive effects Social media outlets have broadened the channels that companies can use to market their products/services. Businesses no longer...
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...Case study notes This case has been updated to include the Apple iPad. Principally this is case explores the issue of licensing and how successful firms can become unsuccessful. It is not a case about Apple and why it has become successful. This case study explores the rise of the Apple Corporation. The Apple iPod is one of the most successful new product launches in recent years, transforming the way the public listens to music, with huge ramifications for major record labels. More than 50 million MP3 players are expected to be sold in 2005; over a third more than last year. Mobile phones have long been regarded as the most credible challengers to MP3 players and iPods. The launch of digital download services via mobile phones illustrates the dramatic speed of convergence between the telecom and media industries, which many observers expect to usher in a new era of growth for mobile phones. Users are willing to pay more for additional services and many analysts predict that mobile phone handsets will eventually emerge as the dominant technology of the age, combining personal organisers, digital music players and games consoles in a single device. Indeed, Microsoft founder Bill Gates has predicted that mobile phones will supersede the iPod as the favoured way of listening to digital music. The launch of the Apple ipad in 2010 makes this case even more topical. This should form the basis of supplementary questions at the end of the case: How will the iPhone succeed? What about...
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...C O N C E P T U A L I Z AT I O N AND LEARNINGS Entrepreneurship and Innovation: How Leadership Style Makes the Difference ? Satyabir Bhattacharyya A n entrepreneur is often defined as one who starts his own, new, and small business. But, not every new small business is entrepreneurial or represents entrepreneurship. For instance, the husband-and-wife team which opens another Mexican restaurant in the American suburb surely takes a risk. But, are they entrepreneurs? What they do has been done many times before. They gamble on the increasing popularity of eating out in their area but create neither a new concept of customer satisfaction nor a new consumer demand. Seen under this perspective, they are surely not entrepreneurs even though theirs is a new venture. WHAT IS ENTREPRENEURSHIP? The setting up of McDonald’s, however, was entrepreneurship. McDonald’s did not invent anything new; its final product was what any decent American restaurant had produced years ago. But, by applying management concepts and techniques (for instance, by asking what is ‘value’ to the customer), standardizing the ‘product’ across all locations and countries, designing processes and tools, and streamlining training on the analysis of the work to be done and then setting the standards it required, McDonald’s both drastically upgraded the yield from resources and created a new market and a new customer base. This is entrepreneurship. Equally entrepreneurial was the growing foundry started...
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...LEADERSHIP FOR INNOVATION LEADERSHIP FOR INNOVATION How to organize team creativity and harvest ideas JOHN ADAIR London and Philadelphia Publisher’s note Every possible effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate at the time of going to press, and the publishers and author cannot accept responsibility for any errors or omissions, however caused. No responsibility for loss or damage occasioned to any person acting, or refraining from action, as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by the editor, the publisher or the author. First published in Great Britain in 1990 by the Talbot Adair Press as The Challenge of Innovation This edition published in Great Britain and the United States by Kogan Page Limited in 2007 as Leadership for Innovation Reprinted 2007 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licences issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned addresses: 120 Pentonville Road London N1 9JN United Kingdom www.kogan-page.co.uk © John Adair, 1990, 2007 The right of John...
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...BA323 exam Chapter 1 Review Questions 1. How would you define “organization development”? Answer: Organization development is a series of planned behavioral science intervention activities with the purpose of increasing the effectiveness of the system and developing the potential of all individual members. OD efforts are planned, systematic approaches to change that are carried out in collaboration with organization members to help find improved ways of working together toward individual and organizational goals. 2. How does OD differ from a single-change technique such as management training? Answer: OD represents a systems approach that is concerned with the interrelationship of various divisions, departments, groups, and individuals as interdependent subsystems of the total organization. A single technique such as management training is aimed at changing individual behavior, whereas OD is focused on the larger goal of developing an organization-wide improvement in managerial style. OD uses many different techniques and no single technique represents the OD discipline. 3. Identify and demonstrate the uses of the psychological contract. Answer: Psychological contract involves the expectations on the part of individuals and organizations to which they belong or in which they take part (i.e., work). Each side must understand that such a “contract” exists and that unless these expectations are met, there will be conflict. 4. Explain the difference between pivotal...
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