...Valley Forge Improvements Valley Forge encampment was a trying time for the Continental Army’s NCOs. I believe that two of the biggest concerns there were was sickness and disease along with the arrangement of the camp. When an army has soldiers and other civilians living in such tight quarters it becomes very difficult to stay healthy with poor living conditions that include no showers, wet floors, and the lack of a plan for human waste. It is the responsibility of leaders to develop a strategy to handle those matters. To say the least, the living quarters that these soldiers lived in were inadequate. The men were told to build sixteen by fourteen foot huts that accommodated 12 soldiers and sometimes were just merely bigger than half that...
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...Dead Cold Eyes It was below zero, we were out of food, and my skin and eyes were burning because of all the smoke. For the first two years of the American Revolution the Continental Army was not doing well. They were unable to stop the British at Philadelphia, and ended up retreating from Boston and New York City. Valley Forge, would you stay or would you reenlist? I would abandon Valley Forge because of all the help needed from the Congressional Committee, the spread of disease, and the major lack of provisions. In the first place, if I were a soldier at Valley Forge I would’ve given up because of all the help and support the the Continental Army needed from the Congressional Committee. Document B shows all the soldiers in really rough shape....
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...Philadelphia, Washington decided to build a winter camp at Valley Forge just 18 miles from Philadelphia in order to keep a close watch on the British. Through this very gruesome winter they lacked food, proper shelter, and other bare necessities. Many men were disheartened by the conditions of Valley Forge and many soldiers’ terms were coming to an end, the demand for soldiers could not have been higher. The question for most of the soldiers was, “Should I quit and leave the Continental Army?” or...
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...Americans at Valley Forge had hardships too. General George Washington had his troops at Valley Forge the winter of 1777 and 1778. It was a harsh winter and Washington’s men were dying of diseases. They had lack of clothing, food, and medicine to keep them healthy. The conditions got better and a French officer Baron Von Steuben had picked 100 men to train to defeat the British. The winter at Valley Forge was a rough time for the colonist, they had lack of clothing and supplies to survive which caused disease, they trained hard to beat the British, and their hard work paid off after Valley Forge. Lack of supplies and clothing which caused disease was a main problem at Valley Forge. In Washington’s army about 12,000 suffered from lack of appropriate clothing, which causing diseases like typhoid, dysentery, typhus and pneumonia. The guards also had the same trouble. They had no shoes and had to stand on their hats to prevent from their feet freezing. Army men began to build to 2,000 log huts to have a warmer place to survive, and defensive trenches to...
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...University of Phoenix Material Causes and Outcomes of the Revolution Part 1: Causes Complete the grid by describing each pre-war event and explaining how it contributed to the Revolutionary War. |Pre-War Event |Description |Contribution to the Revolutionary War | | |French and Indian war was a conflict between Great Britain and France that had |They had refused to help pay for Britain’s war debt and they also refused to follow the | |French and Indian War|resulted in Britain taking over all of French lands in North America. |mandate on where they could settle or with whom they could trade with. | | |The Sugar Act was passed by the English Parliament to offset the war debt |The Sugar Act was the first of Acts passed. It was an Act that the King had passed, to | |Sugar Act |brought by the French and Indian War and to help pay for the expenses of running|increase money in the pay of colonists. That money would go to British Government, and | | |the colonies and newly acquired territories. This act increased the duties on |was one of the taxes that made the colonists rebel against England. | | |imported sugar and other items such as coffee, indigo, wines and textiles. | ...
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...imagine it is 1777 the sun is coming up on the horizon and the only thing keeping you warm is the people around you. They are all sick with some unknown sickness that has kept you up for days the only thing that comforts you is the thought of going back to your home and soon you will have the choice to do so.you are a solider staying at valley forge and you have been so sick for staying with so many other sick people. You missed your family since the day you left but now it is the only thing that you can think about. you were thinking about deserting the army but then you remember that you can choose to re-enlist or you can leave. you could re-enlist which would mean that you could stay and help fight for your country but then you would have a greater chance of dying in the war. Or you could leave...
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...Valley Forge: Would You Have Quit? Valley Forge was a tiny and horrible camp filled with depression and death. Valley Forge could barely fit Washington’s Army and the conditions were horrible. This camp tested the faith of the soldiers. It made soldiers wonder if they should leave or stay and fight for their country. If you had been a soldier, would you have quit? This question could have a huge impact on the war and the army itself. If I were a soldier, I would not re-enlist. I would not re-enlist because the conditions were horrible. These conditions raised the chances of death.Doctor Waldo states, “...No Meat! No Meat!..”, meaning there was no meat to provide the army with strength and silence the groans of every hungry stomach in the camp. Without food, how are soldiers supposed to have the strength they need to carry on in the war? Dr Waldo also states, “...skin and eyes are almost spoil’d with continual smoke…”, meaning the conditions were so bad that...
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...House as we saw go in late May and early June. Twelve generals came and went daily to the Moore House. Information regarding the British changed constantly. At the very beginning of June we saw groups of soldiers move out of the encampment, headed toward New Jersey. British General Clinton planned to send a part of his army to the Caribbean to protect British sugar plantations from encroachment by the French. He planned to launch part of his forces from New York, where he would remain. Another British general, Charles Cornwallis, would secure New York City, and then head south to the Carolinas. He hoped to rally the landowners of the South to the Loyalist Cause....
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...University of Phoenix Material Causes and Outcomes of the Revolution Part 1: Causes Complete the grid by describing each pre-war event and explaining how it contributed to the Revolutionary War. |Pre-War Event |Description |Contribution to the Revolutionary War | | |(1754–1763) is the American name, British name is the 7 year war. The war was |Debt from French and Indian war was a big contribution to Revolutionary War | |French and Indian War|fought primarily between the colonies of British America and New France, with | | | |both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great | | | |Britain and France, who declared war on each other in 1756 | | | |Act that reduced taxes on molasses and sugar, laid |Money made from the Sugar Act was used to keep British Troops present. | |Sugar Act |taxes on indigo, pimento (allspice), some wines, and coffee, and increased | ...
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...right decision by allying with the Patriots. In his late seventies, he decided to return to America. He passed away on April 17, 1790, with 20,000 people attending his funeral. Although he is no longer living, his electric personality still continues to light the world. Martha Washington was born on June 2, 1731, in New Kent County, Virginia. She married a wealthy plantation owner before becoming a widow and inheriting his estate. She wed George Washington in 1759 and became the First Lady upon his upgrade to presidency. She and her husband resided at Vernon Hill for the most of their lives. During the Revolutionary War, Martha decided that it was her duty to support her husband and the Continental Army. During the harsh and cold encampment of Valley Forge, she helped the army men by providing them with appropriate clothing and food. She made the rounds of visiting them, providing as much food as she could donate. She also served as a medical help to the ill and wounded soldiers, nursing them back to health. In appreciation, American servicemen addressed her as "Lady Washington." Not only that, but she wrote letters to the wives of colonial governors proposing a plan to contribute to the Continental Army financially, and to encourage other women to do so as well. Martha then started a business where she and other women sewed clothing for the soldiers. In 1802, her health began to decline. She passed away on May 22, 1802, two and a half years after her husband. Her contribution to...
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...Do marriages always end happy? Martha Washington was born Martha Dandridge on June 2, 1731, in Kent County, Virginia, on the Chestnut Grove plantation. At 18 years old, Martha married Daniel Parke Custis, a rich plantation owner, in 1749. The couple would have four children, though only two, Jack and Pastsy, lived past childhood. The first two children, Daniel and Frances, died before the age of five. It is believed that Daniel died of malaria and Frances cause of death is unknown. Custis himself died in the summer of 1757, and Martha became the inheritor of his 15,000 acre estate. The death of her husband left Martha being one of the wealthiest women in Virginia. The love between Martha and George Washington. Martha met a young colonel in...
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...University of Phoenix Material Causes and Outcomes of the Revolution Part 1: Causes Complete the grid by describing each pre-war event and explaining how it contributed to the Revolutionary War. |Pre-war event |Description |Contribution to the Revolutionary War | |French and Indian War| | | |Sugar Act |Was the first tax on the American colonies imposed by the British parliament |It helped to ignite the Revolution by enraging the American colonists | |Stamp Act |Imposed tax on all paper documents in the colonies |It strained relations with the colonies which rose in armed rebellion against the British| |Townshend Acts |Imposed duites on glass, lead, paints,paper and tea imported into the colonies. |Americans viewed this as abuse of power, resulting in the passage of agreements to limit | | | |imports from Britain. | |Tea Act |To raise revenue from the colonies but to bail out the floundering East India |Colonists boarded...
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...Complete the grid by describing each pre-war event and explaining how it contributed to the Revolutionary War. |Pre-war event |Description |Contribution to the Revolutionary War | |French and Indian War|Also known as the Seven Years’ War, this New World conflict marked another |The French and Indian War helped lead to the Revolutionary War in two ways. | | |chapter in the long imperial struggle between Britain and France. When France’s | | | |expansion into the Ohio River valley brought repeated conflict with the claims |First funding this war lead to a huge national debt for Great Britain, which they felt | | |of the British colonies, a series of battles led to the official British |the Americans should help pay. Parliament decided to service the debt by passing the | | |declaration of war in 1756. Boosted by the financing of future Prime Minister |stamp act, a terrible failure that angered citizens on both sides of the Atlantic, which | | |William Pitt, the British turned the tide with victories at Louisbourg, Fort |started the rift between Britain and its colonists. | | |Frontenac...
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...stood against other “laborious employments.” Soldiers suffered many hardships while serving their time during the war such as enduring long marches, hunger and thirst, and harsh climates. Illness and disease was and still is known for taking more lives than in battle, especially when nearing the end of the year. As stated by Dr. William Buchan, “A few weeks of cold rainy weather will prove more fatal than an engagement.”4 At the time of the Revolutionary War, it became apparent how much sickness affected the Continental Army. In the winter at Valley Forge, Washington lost over 2,000 of his men. It was not the army’s fault necessarily as it was because of Congress’ failure to achieve sufficient funds in order for these soldiers to have specific supplies such as good and clothing. A harsh winter combined with the exposure to disease lead to one of the hardest losses in the American Revolution. Over 1,300 men died during the encampment due to deadly diseases such as influenza, dysentery, typhoid, and typhus.5 On the contrary to public belief, soldiers were actually twenty-three percent more likely to survive on the battlefield than in the hospital. Battle was brutal and if one was to be injured on the battlefield, the only two options were to either ignore the injury or go to the “flying hospitals.” These hospitals were simply tents housing the operating room which was a table equipped with, if one was lucky, clean tools.6 Compared to doctors today, physicians then could assume...
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...CHAPTER 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO THE RHODESIAN NOVEL BEFORE AND AFTER 1890 The history of Zimbabwe shows that land was at the centre of the people’s lives (as everywhere else in the world), before the arrival of white people; and at the centre of controversy from the time that the white people colonised the country in 1890. It is still at the centre of controversy as I write towards the end of the 20th Century because land has not been adequately redistributed among the black people. The history of Zimbabwe before the advent of the 1890 colonial experience also reveals what Chinua Achebe calls his fundamental theme. This fundamental theme is that “African people did not hear of culture for the first time from Europeans, that their societies were not mindless but frequently had a philosophy of great depth and value and beauty, that they had poetry and, above all, they had dignity. It is this dignity that many African people all but lost during the colonial period and it is this that they must now regain.” 1 The pre-colonial history of Zimbabwe further emphasises that “African societies of the past, with all their imperfections, were not consumers but 2 producers of culture.” This is because although the country was not 1 . Chinua Achebe, “The Role of the Writer in a New Nation” in G.D. Killam, ed., African Writers on African Writing (London, Ibadan and Nairobi: Heinemann Educational Books, 1973) 8. 2 . Ibid 13 27 politically organised...
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