...second half of the nineteenth century Britain was a mature industrial society and was able to experience many of the benefits of the industrial revolution. Discuss. By the end of the nineteenth century, Britain experienced enormous industrial expansion, thereby creating an improvement in the lives of most of its people. The middle classes fare well by the opening of new opportunities in employment, residing, for the most part, in the new suburbs of the industrial cities and towns. They surrounded themselves with the clutter of possessions associated with a new consumer age. There were modest improvements in the working and living conditions of working class people, many of whom were drawn to the cities from rural areas in the hope of a better life. This essay will examine the conditions of life in late Victorian Britain in order to establish the extent of the benefits brought about by industrial transformation, insofar as they affected the lives of the different classes. In 1800, twenty five per cent of the population of England lived in the cities and towns. Within a period of eighty years this position was reversed. In 1850, the year of the Great Exhibition, which was a celebration of British industrial achievement, the ‘number of urban dwellers exceeded those who dwelt in the countryside’. The cities of Birmingham and Manchester more than doubled their populations between 1801 and 1831. The industrial revolution was synonymous with the cotton industry in the early part...
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...Industrialization after the Civil War Industrialization after the Civil War Introduction This paper discusses the effects the Industrial Revolution had on the economy, politics, and society. Also this paper will talk about five different groups affected by the Revolution. In addition, this paper reviews the effects the Industrial Revolution had on the average working American. The Industrial Revolution brought many changes to America as a whole; it seems as though no stone was left unturned. The Revolution affected everything in its path, including government, people, and way of life in general. Three Aspects of the Industrial Revolution Three aspects of the Industrial Revolution include society, the economy, and politics. The American economy began to change during the Industrial Revolution; this change was mainly due to the increase of productivity. Productivity increased by using the out work system. This system consisted of people completing jobs in their homes (Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution). Another way the economy changed was through the factory system. This system allowed a large scale of work to be completed in one location (Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution). Society was another aspect that changed through the Industrial Revolution. Society went through two major transitions during the revolution. One of the major changes was that many Americans left farming, and went to find jobs in factories (Shultz, 2014). Factories were...
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...Events that Change the World JaShavea Everett American Intercontinental University Professor Whitehead Events that Change the World In the very end of the 18th century, a revolution occurred, and it took the world by storm; and they weren’t ready for it. The revolution was not one to that had to deal with anything necessarily politics, but in the future would lead to many findings later in its place of existence. The revolution had no cultural or social impact; this revolution was economic. The Industrial Revolution changed the world. It changed the way the world’s production of their goods. The IR changed the societies in the times back then; it went from being agriculture society, to then being taken over by manufacturing. The IR began in Great Britain, in the middle of the 18th century, when they were the most powerful force in the world. It was hard to even imagine that Britain was leading this revolution, they had the most wealth. Shortly after England was adopted, other countries began to play a part in the IR, countries like Germany, France, and the United States. During the time of the IR people began to invent new technology, and thus far technology began to advance and this bought the coming forth, cultural problems, as well as socioeconomic. The steam power was one of the biggest advancements in technology. Fuels like coal and petroleum were included in the newly steam engines. This invention revolutionized many of the industries, including manufacturing...
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...Report on Industrial Revolution 1. One of the most impactful inventions in the Industrial Revolution was the steam engine. This device invented by James Watt altered history because of it impact on transportation and factories. James Watt found that there was a way to produce steam from coal. Then he discovered that you could use that process to make engines and also use the steam to power numerous machines in factories. Because of his invention, automobiles were able to be created and the use of machinery was enhanced which was a key change in the industrial revolution. WIth cars introduced to the world, transportation took on a new dynamic along with trains and steam powered boats. The invention of mass production and factories was a key aspect to the industrial revolution also. Because an idea of mass production was invented, factories were established to enable mass production and this called for an increase in labor demands. Many workers were needed to fill positions in factories so a shift occurred in society. People moved towards the city because that’s where the jobs were and families were less connected because they no longer worked on farms together. Because machines and other agricultural inventions were made, more of the labor involved in processing food or crops was centered in factories and this was a huge change for people. It affected their lifestyles majorly and changed the structure of society in a way. 2. In the Industrial Revolution, the major themes...
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...profession for the economic benefits, whether or not they actually enjoy it. To be a productive worker in society, one must enjoy their profession, or whatever they may do. Fromm states that ever since the industrial revolution, people have worked simply for the money. In “Work in an Industrial Society,” Erich Fromm shows that people do not care about working, that they only work for the money, and that it leads to people becoming more lazy and apathetic. People do not have the same enjoyment of work as they did in the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the eighteenth century. Back then, people worked to feel like they have accomplished something. In today’s world, people get up in the morning to go to work with one goal: to get out of there as early and as quickly as possible. Before, people worked to not just make a living but to obtain satisfaction with their job. No matter how basic the job was they felt that they made a difference. In “Work, Labor, Play,” W.H Auden states that Miss Hannah Arendt defines people as workers and laborers. Workers are interested in what they do as well as what society pays for their work while laborers are people who have a job for just the paycheck and to support the people that depend on them. Around the times of the Industrial Revolution, the type of worker shifted from workers to laborers. People became a part of a machine that produced whatever needed to be made in order to complete the product. People only worked for the paycheck...
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...Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was an unprecedented period in European history that occured in 18th and 19th century. It represents one of the most significant eras of the modern European history, during which major changes took place in everyday lives of millions across the continent and further beyond. These major changes included improvements in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation and technology, withboth, positive and negative consequences. The main focus of the essay will be the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain (after 1707), an empire (U.K.) that included colonies from all over the world. Practiacally, the Great Britain is the place where it all began. The question is why does the Industrial Revolution occurs in the Great Britain? There are many reasons. The most significant one is that the Britain had an empire which included colonies from Canada to Austalia. It controlled many trade channels and imposed itself as the leading naval superpower. The preconditions were fulfilled and the Britain practically controlled half of the world before, for example, Germany was even unified. The colonies provided many raw materials, with many of them being so rare, that they could be found only in those particular parts of the world. The industrialization, however, had not took place in Britain's colonies. This was not a coincidence, on the contrary. By this, the Great Britain made an access to new markets. Indeed, it does sound absurd that the...
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...Why Did The Industrial Revolution Happen First in Britain? The industrial Revolution began in Great Britain almost 250 years ago, in the 1760s. Within a half century it started to spread, first to northwestern Europe and the newly formed United States. The Industrial Revolution consisted of the application of new sources of power to the production process, achieved with transmission equipment necessary to apply this power to manufacturing which involved an increased scale of human organization that facilitated specialization and coordination at pre-industrial levels groupings rarely contemplated. The key invention in Europe’s industrial revolution was the steam engine, which harnessed the energy potential of coal. Later, the industrial revolution also used electric and internal combustion motors and petroleum as well as coal. This revolution, progressively introduced steam or other power to the production process and steadily increased the proportion of the process accomplished by equipment without direct human guidance. The organizational facet of the industrial revolution was initially symbolized by the factory, but the organizational principles spread beyond the factory itself. The two central features of industrialization were the revolution in technology and organization of production, which yielded one clear result of a great increase in the total of goods and individual worker’s output. The revolutionary quality of industrialization is particularly obvious in the world...
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...always worked together on contractual jobs. The artisans worked with journeymen and apprentice to ensure that they served the masters well. However, the nineteenth century led to increased industrial revolution that tended to bring an end to traditional forms of production to the modern factories. The artisanal work was hard work, but a lot was lost through the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution led to decrease in labor costs significantly causing the decline in the artisanal system. It was seen and thought to be a framework to embrace innovation and to leave the traditional methods. The workers were adversely affected by the revolutionized industry as the male-dominated trades were streamed down to the children and women. Labor movements were experienced in most parts of the cities leading to leaps of population and wealth. It is during this period that the artisans, as well as other skilled laborers, were paid higher than all the unskilled workers. The artisans owned modest homes with servant quarters. The proficiency of the artisans led to them being considered marketable assets especially due to their tools. The older regimes offered a platform for the artisans to become eventually masters in their field of expertise and this was considered a threat to the revolution. As such, the American system decided to maintain the artisan system although certain restrictions were put to hinder their advancements. The merchant capitalists, who were masters to the artisans...
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...always worked together on contractual jobs. The artisans worked with journeymen and apprentice to ensure that they served the masters well. However, the nineteenth century led to increased industrial revolution that tended to bring an end to traditional forms of production to the modern factories. The artisanal work was hard work, but a lot was lost through the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution led to decrease in labor costs significantly causing the decline in the artisanal system. It was seen and thought to be a framework to embrace innovation and to leave the traditional methods. The workers were adversely affected by the revolutionized industry as the male-dominated trades were streamed down to the children and women. Labor movements were experienced in most parts of the cities leading to leaps of population and wealth. It is during this period that the artisans, as well as other skilled laborers, were paid higher than all the unskilled workers. The artisans owned modest homes with servant quarters. The proficiency of the artisans led to them being considered marketable assets especially due to their tools. The older regimes offered a platform for the artisans to become eventually masters in their field of expertise and this was considered a threat to the revolution. As such, the American system decided to maintain the artisan system although certain restrictions were put to hinder their advancements. The merchant capitalists, who were masters to the artisans...
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...Topic 4 Essay 2/23/2016 In the middle of the nineteenth century, European societies were going through tremendous changes due to politicization of the ordinary, helped by the French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution. During these changes and challenges, intellectuals and political activists proposed different approaches to making society function better. Different bodies of thoughts were proposed and political organizations that supported different ideologies were created. These groups and organizations stemmed from liberalism, feminism, romanticism and Social Darwinism. These groups, the liberalists, feminists, romanticists and the Social Darwinists, had to try to cope with the rapid modernization of the west precipitated by the Industrial Revolution. In this essay we are going to talk about how each group was able to cope with the rapid modernization and how they were able to face the changes and challenges. First of all, we saw liberalism try to cope with the rapid modernization of the west precipitated by the Industrial Revolution. These liberals thought that human life and society could progress without having violent revolutions or relying on tradition. Non-violent approaches to changing society is called liberalism. The liberals during the time of the Industrial Revolution believed that individuals had the power to reason and that they are rational. In other words, it means they are capable of bettering themselves without destroying the society or resorting...
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...What Was the Agricultural Revolution? The agricultural revolution was a period of agricultural development between the 18th century and the end of the 19th century, which saw a massive and rapid increase in agricultural productivity and vast improvements in farm technology It was difficult for people living in an advanced industrialized society to fully comprehend the life of a modern farmer, much less farmers were living before the Industrial Revolution. Up until the end of the eighteenth century, the vast majority of people were farmers who lived lives that were "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short." for the vast majority of people, until the advent of an agricultural revolution that started in Great Britain during the early 1700s, reached North America by the mid-1800s, and continues to this day in all but the most benighted of nations. But the pace quickened during the start of the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century, and changes that had previously taken centuries and generations began to occur within decades. By 1750, the English agriculture was the best in the world. It was also fully integrated into a market economy. The dominance of the British Empire in world affairs during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ensured that these agricultural improvements were widely distributed. In the late 18th century (at the start of the industrial revolution): 15 to 20% of the land was owned by the farmers themselves, and 75% of the land was owned by large...
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...Use Eric Hobsbawm’s views to examine the period of industrialisation in Britain from 1700-1850. Construct an illustrated and annotated timeline of the period. scenes from the industrial era Scenes from the industrial era n.d, n.p Available at[ Accessed on: 1st November 2015] Prior to the industrialisation life in Britain was very different to what you would have seen in the industrial revolution. From 1700 to 1850 a lot of changes had taken place. Many factories were built many inventions and changes had been made during that time. ” Steam power played a large part in the Industrial Revolution, and without it Industrialisation would have been impossible” Smith (2009, P.20) Thomas Savery patented the first steam engine in 1698. However...
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...The Industrial Revolution: A Means to an End Capitalism is the result of constant revolutions led by a lower class. Karl Marx states that the “modern bourgeois is itself the product of a long course of development of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange”(Marx, 160). The bourgeoise are the group of people who were able to seize control of the means of production for their community. They control the manufacturing of all the resources the people might need. The bourgeois maintain command of the production while the proletariat are the ones who carry out the actual work. Marx believed the only limiting factors of the proletariat’s status beneath the bourgeois were the current level of technology available and, although that technology is keeping them down, it will advance to the point of giving the proletariat a chance to shrink the gap between themselves and those above them, “but with the development of industry the proletariat not only increases in number, it becomes concentrated in greater masses, its strength grows and it feels that strength more”(166). The Industrial Revolution was the gateway to modern economics and ushered in an age of poorer working standards, profit based business models, and the end to artisanship. The Industrial Revolution was the beginning of a new type of economy. The machines and inventions spawned during this time allowed people to perform certain tasks much more efficiently and increased the level of production...
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...HIST 1121/ INTL 2301 Cumulative Essay by Emily Barnes Revolution in Europe Revolution, by definition, is the overthrow of an established government or political system. When people hear the word revolution, they may instantly think of violence, but revolution and war do not necessarily go hand in hand. How are nonviolent and violent revolutions different? Revolution is a major part of European history, and this essay will construe the many specific revolutions, their causes, and what they accomplished. The Glorious Revolution, also known as the Bloodless Revolution, occurred between 1688 and 1689, and King James II was in power. During the Catholic James’ rule over England, he lost support from the primarily Protestant Parliament. James used his power to pass laws that favored Catholics, upsetting the Parliament, and a...
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... The Industrial Revolution in England from the 18th to the 19th century was a benefit to the English working class. By: 1. Dhakshani Dharmadeva (2614) 2. Dinu Siriwardana (2971) 3. Melani Mallawarachchi (2950) The Industrial Revolution in England from the 18th to the 19th century was NOT a benefit to the English working class. Industrial revolution was a period of major industrialization that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s. The Industrial Revolution, beginning in Great Britain, quickly spread throughout the world. This time period saw the mechanization of agriculture, textile manufacturing, a revolution in power such as steam ships and railroads, and had a massive effect on social, cultural and economic conditions. We learned that industrial production increased tremendously, bringing wealth and power to Great Britain throughout the 19th century. But it’s time to consider its effects on people, we have yet to explore the effects of industrialization on society, on the daily living and the working conditions of common people. What was life like for the average industrial worker? Was living in a new industrial city and working in a factory an improvement over life in the countryside? Did the new factory life change for the better the roles of family members, including women and children? Were people healthier? In general, did the Industrial Revolution...
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