...1. Literature of the 17th century. John Milton. “Paradise Lost”. John Bunyan. “Pilgrim’s Progress”. The peculiarities of the English literature of the 17th century are determined by the events of the Engl. Bourgeois Revolution, which took place in 1640-60. King Charles I was beheaded in 1649& General Oliver Cromwell became the leader of the new government. In 1660, shortly after Cro-ll’s death, the dynasty of the Stuarts was restored. The establishment of new social&eco-ic relations, the change from feudal to bourgeois ownership, escalating class-struggle, liberation movement and contradictions of the bourgeois society found their reflection in lit-re. The main representatives of this period is: John Milton: was born in London&educated at Christ’s College. He lived a pure life believing that he had a great purpose to complete. At college he was known as the The Lady of Christ’s. he Got master’s degree at Cambridge. It’s convenient to consider his works in 3 divisions. At first he wrote his short poems at Horton. (The Passion, Song on May Morning, L’Allegro). Then he wrote mainly prose. His 3 greatest poems belong to his last group. At the age of 23 he had still done little in life&he admits this in one of his sonnets. (On his 23d B-day) In his another sonnet he wrote on his own blindness. (On his Blindness) Milton wrote diff. kinds of works. His prose works were mainly concerned with church, affairs, divorce & freedom. The English civil war between Charles...
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...ENGLISH LITERATURE ITS HISTORY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE LIFE OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD A TEXT-BOOK FOR SCHOOLS BY WILLIAM J. LONG, PH.D. (Heidelberg) TO MY FRIEND C H T IN GRATITUDE FOR HIS CONTINUED HELP IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS BOOK CANTERBURY PILGRIMS From Royal MS., 18 D.ii, in the British Museum PREFACE This book, which presents the whole splendid history of English literature from Anglo-Saxon times to the close of the Victorian Era, has three specific aims. The first is to create or to encourage in every student the desire to read the best books, and to know literature itself rather than what has been written about literature. The second is to interpret literature both personally and historically, that is, to show how a great book generally reflects not only the author's life and thought but also the spirit of the age and the ideals of the nation's history. The third aim is to show, by a study of each successive period, how our literature has steadily developed from its first simple songs and stories to its present complexity in prose and poetry. To carry out these aims we have introduced the following features: (1) A brief, accurate summary of historical events and social conditions in each period, and a consideration of the ideals which stirred the whole nation, as in the days of Elizabeth, before they found expression in literature. (2) A study of the various literary epochs in turn, showing what each gained from...
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...Literature is closely connected with the life and history of the people. The life of the ancient Britons was full of many battles against a whole lot of invaders, among them there were Germanic tribes, Angles, Saxons and Jutes; it was these invaders who created the Anglo-Saxon England. The Anglo-Saxons had no written language when they conquered Britain, but they had letters called runes which they carved on wood and stone. The songs, stories, and poems they made up to be memorized and were handed down from generation to generation. One Saxon poem called “Beowulf” has reached our days. We can call this period the dawn of English literature. The greatest writer of this period was Geoffrey Chaucer, who was the first truly great writer in English literature and is called “the father of English poetry”. Chaucer’s literary work began in 1373, he wrote such poems as “The House of Fame”, “The Parliament of Fowls”, “The Legend of Good Women” and others. In the year 1384 he started writing his masterpiece “The Canterbury Tales”. Chaucer died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. His death was a great blow to English poetry. Though there was hardly any written literature folk poetry flourished in England and Scotland. Folk songs were heard everywhere. Songs were made up for every occasion. There were harvest songs, mowing songs, spinning and weaving songs. The best of folk poetry were the ballads. A ballad is a short narrative in verse with the refrain following each stanza...
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...When we dip into the rich variety of novels, poems, and plays which constitute English Literature we are reading works which have lasted for generations, or centuries, and they have lasted because they are good. These works say something worth saying, and say it with artistry strong enough to survive while lesser works drop into obscurity. Literature is part of our cultural heritage which is freely available to everyone, and which can enrich our lives in all kinds of ways. Once we have broken the barriers that make studying literature seem daunting, we find that literary works can be entertaining, beautiful, funny, or tragic. They can convey profundity of thought, richness of emotion, and insight into character. They take us beyond our limited experience of life to show us the lives of other people at other times. They stir us intellectually and emotionally, and deepen our understanding of our history, our society, and our own individual lives. In great writing from the past we find the England of our ancestors, and we not only see the country and the people as they were, but we also soak up the climate of the times through the language itself, its vocabulary, grammar, and tone. We would only have to consider the writing of Chaucer, Shakespeare, Boswell, Dickens, and Samuel Beckett side by side to see how the way writers use language embodies the cultural atmosphere of their time. Literature can also give us glimpses of much earlier ages. Glimpses of Celtic Ireland in...
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...English literature From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Selected English-language writers: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, Mark Twain, Virginia Woolf, T. S. Eliot, Vladimir Nabokov, Toni Morrison, Salman Rushdie. The focus of this article is on literature in the English language from anywhere, not just the literature of England, so that it includes writers from Scotland, the whole of Ireland, Wales, as well as literature in English from former British colonies, including the US. However, up until the early 19th century, it deals with the literature written in English of Britain and Ireland. English literature is generally seen as beginning with the epic poem Beowulf, that dates from between the 8th to the 11th centuries, the most famous work in Old English, which has achieved national epic status in England, despite being set in Scandinavia. The next important landmark is the works of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400), especially The Canterbury Tales. Then during The Renaissance, especially the late 16th and early 17th centuries, major drama and poetry was written by William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, John Donne and many others. Another great poet, from later in the 17th century, was John Milton (1608–74) author of the epic poem Paradise Lost (1667). The late 17th and the early 18th century are particularly associated with satire, especially in the poetry of John Dryden and Alexander Pope, and the prose works of Jonathan Swift. The 18th century...
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...The use of motifs in literature help focus and enhance the story, it connects all the different parts of a single text in order to promote the main point the author is trying to get across to his readers. In other words, writers use motifs to add depth, meaning, and shape the way us readers receive and understand the story. This is done by using repetition to enhance the symbolic importance, it makes them noticeable enough to clarify the nature of the story and the course of events. It is extremely useful in intricate works that involve multiple plots, elements, and characters that make if challenging to criticize. Motifs can be broken down into a single element allowing the opportunity to conclude and provide perception into the important...
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...te ng Languages Literatures nE e siniEnglish ur e at l er g it En sin ur e at er it L Caribbean Examinations Council ® SYLLABUS SPECIMEN PAPER CSEC® SYLLABUS,MARK SCHEME SPECIMEN PAPER, MARK SCHEME SUBJECT REPORTS AND SUBJECT REPORTS Macmillan Education 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited Companies and representatives throughout the world www.macmillan-caribbean.com ISBN 978-0-230-48228-9 © Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC ®) 2015 www.cxc.org www.cxc-store.com The author has asserted their right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 This revised version published 2015 Permission to copy The material in this book is copyright. However, the publisher grants permission for copies to be made without fee. Individuals may make copies for their own use or for use by classes of which they are in charge; institutions may make copies for use within and by the staff and students of that institution. For copying in any other circumstances, prior permission in writing must be obtained from Macmillan Publishers Limited. Under no circumstances may the material in this book be used, in part or in its entirety, for commercial gain. It must not be sold in any format. Designed by Macmillan Publishers Limited Cover design by Macmillan Publishers Limited and Red Giraffe CAPE® Literatures in English Free Resources LIST...
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...Revised folk-tale, April 20, 2014 Rizal Saryadi 11/314105/SA/15822 The Legend of Banyuwangi A long time ago in 15th century, Java was ruled in democratic system by King Sirupata. He was a wise person, kind, and friendly. Because of his integrity, everyone respected him though he acted as ordinary people in daily social life. One day the former Prime Minister of Kingdom died, and the king was forced to make a quick decision for who would succeed that position. Then the king invited all officials of the kingdom and discussed the proper candidate of this position. The discussion was not taking long time because the forums agreed to choose his son, Sirwala, to take the position. As his counselor suggested, “ My King…your son is trusted to be in this position and I think he is qualified to be the Prime Minister of our kingdom based on his love and responsibility towards the kingdom.” The King and all forums agreed with the counselor and the decided Sirwala as the official Prime Minister of Java Kingdom. After a month Sirwala was being a Prime Minister of Java Kingdom counselor talked to the king that they needed to send a delegation for a piece between their kingdom and Sriwijaya. “My king…I think that our kingdom doesn’t need to have a war with Sriwijaya. As we know our society would be suffered because of war” said the counselor. At the moment the king replied, “Hmm…you’re right my friend. Our kingdom must be peaceful, and our people must...
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...“The Destructors” By Graham Greene Purpose of the Short Story: To teach the reader about the destructive element present in human nature. Atmosphere: The atmosphere is quite dark and has a very pessimistic outlook of the World. The fact that the neighborhood has been demolished by bombs in the Second World War only adds to the negative, violent mood. Characterization: • Protagonist: T/Trevor: He is a round character because we learn quite a bit about his personality. He is also a static character because he does not change throughout the story. • Antagonist: The House: Although it is not a person, the house is the force that opposes T. Without the house that was left standing after the bombing, there would be no plot. • Blackie: He is a flat character because we do not know much about him at all. He is also a static character because throughout the story, he remains hesitant about the gangs plot to destruct the house. He does not ever voice his concerns. • Old Misery/Mr. Thomas: He is a stock character because he is the typical “old man” who lives for peace and the preservation of beauty. Foreshadowing: As we are aware that the story is about post WWII, and after London was bombed by Hitler, the reader gets a sense that nothing is left standing. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the London Bombing foreshadows that Mr. Thomas’s house will also be destroyed. Plot: • Exposition: The reader is introduced to Trevor, or T, and his plan to destroy Mr. Thomas’s 200 year old home that...
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...First year Learning English English language Learning is widely spread over different parts of the world. It is taught as a foreign language in many countries. In many others, it is not only considered as a part of their culture, but it is also used as a second language. These are called the Commonwealth of the English language speaking countries. The English language learners are often seen as the best judges of their own needs and wants because they know what they can and cannot do with it, and what language skills are more essential. Even large numbers of them face problems and expensive access to the necessary materials; they prefer to surf through the internet or read books and special magazines dealing with the subject. Throughout the years, the English language curriculum has been regularly updated and revised, based on the behavior of the learners. For those who want to do further studies in English, there are two main specific tests in the language: TOFEL (Test of English as a foreign language), and TOESL (Test of English as a second language). They are elaborated to control and test the efficiency of the English language use and training, and recognition of the knowledge acquired before. ...
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...Министерство образования и науки Республики Казахстан Кокшетауский государственный университет им. Ш. Уалиханова An Outline of British Literature (from tradition to post modernism) Кокшетау 2011 УДК 802.0 – 5:20 ББК 81:432.1-923 № 39 Рекомендовано к печати кафедрой английского языка и МП КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова, Ученым Советом филологического факультета КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова, УМС КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова. Рецензенты: Баяндина С.Ж. доктор филологических наук, профессор, декан филологического факультета КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова Батаева Ф.А. кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры «Переводческое дело» Кокшетауского университета им. А. Мырзахметова Кожанова К.Т. преподаватель английского языка кафедры гуманитарного цикла ИПК и ПРО Акмолинской области An Outline of British Literature from tradition to post modernism (on specialties 050119 – “Foreign Language: Two Foreign Languages”, 050205 – “Foreign Philology” and 050207 – “Translation”): Учебное пособие / Сост. Немченко Н.Ф. – Кокшетау: Типография КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова, 2010 – 170 с. ISBN 9965-19-350-9 Пособие представляет собой краткие очерки, характеризующие английскую литературу Великобритании, ее основные направления и тенденции. Все известные направления в литературе иллюстрированы примерами жизни и творчества авторов, вошедших в мировую литературу благодаря...
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...BA English Literature and Community Engagement About your application For entry in October 2013, there will be two deadlines for applications. The initial deadline will be Monday 26 November 2012. Interviews for those who apply by this date will be held in December 2012. Assuming there are still places available after this date, we expect to have a second deadline for applications of Monday 1 July 2013, with interviews to be held later that month. These dates are designed to acknowledge that some applicants are also pursuing other options for further study, and may need to make decisions early in the academic cycle, while other mature students may prefer to complete a prior course of study in 2012/13, such as the English Department’s Reading English Literature course, before applying to the degree. You are advised to read the information in this pack carefully before completing your application. Please address any questions about the application process or the degree to Gareth Griffith on gareth.griffith@bristol.ac.uk Aims of the course: The undergraduate degree in English Literature and Community Engagement is offered part-time over six years and is taught one evening per week plus occasional Saturdays. It aims to develop a student’s interest in, and knowledge and understanding of, a full range of literature in English. The programme reflects the English Department’s wider commitment to maintaining a balance between established traditions of literary study and...
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...Religion and Theology SUMMARY AND ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIANITY AND PAGANISM IN THE LITERATURE OF GREAT BRITAIN BEFORE THE NORMAN CONQUEST An Assignment Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course, ENGL 245: Survey of English Lit. I by Lascelles James October 2007 Even though archeology reveals a lot about the Neolithic and Iron-Age era in Britain, Literature tells more about the life and culture in the region, especially after the coming of Germanic Indo-Europeans from the continent in A.D 449, as reported in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. England, then a province of the Roman Empire, was named Britannia after its Celtic-speaking inhabitants, the Britons. The Britons were actually Romanized Celts. They left their greatest linguistic legacy in place names, such as Avon, Dover, Thames, and probably London. [1] The Anglo-Saxon invaders brought with them their own tradition of oral poetry, but there is no evidence of literacy before their conversion to Christianity. There is only circumstantial evidence of what the poetry must have been like. Aside from a few short inscriptions on small artifacts, the earliest records in the English language are in manuscripts produced at monasteries and other religious establishments, beginning in the seventh century. Literacy was mainly restricted to servants of the church, and the bulk of Old English literature is religious with Latin origins. As literate culture developed, ethnic Germanic...
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...Personal Statement I am drawn to study English Literature and Creative writing because I am passionate about and committed to reading and writing. I feel that a structured programme of study is imperative for me to achieve my long-term goal of establishing a successful and varied career as a writer. I know that the path I have chosen will often be difficult to walk but I have already taken a step toward its end by starting an Access course. Throughout my short time on the Access course I have gained confidence in my speaking skills. For example, during a recent discussion on gender and relationships in a graded English discussion I raised a point that the teacher had not thought of and was praised for doing so - this taught me that by pushing myself beyond my comfort zone by sharing my ideas and opinions I will be able to achieve my goals. I know that with the skills taught on the Access course I will be able to achieve my goal of studying and completing a degree in English Literature and Creative Writing. The Access course has taught me the importance of self-reflection and criticism through keeping a reflective log which documents my progress, obstacles and goals. I have learnt that I am able to be objective when analysing my own work and performance; this skill has helped me to realise that in order to improve my work I have to be critical of myself and be able to accept criticism from others, I feel that this skill will prepare me for the competitive world of writing...
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...English literature - English Literature is divided into 4 Main Periods; Anglo-Saxon Literature, Medieval Literature, Renaissance Literature and Modern Literature Old English Literature or Anglo-Saxon Literature Encompasses literature written in Old English in Anglo-Saxon England in the period after the settlement of the Saxons and other Germanic tribes in England after the withdrawal of the Romans and “ending soon after the Norman Conquest” in 1066. Is the term applied to the English speaking inhabitants of Britain from around the middle of the fifth century until the time of Norman Conquest, when Angelo-Saxon line of English kings came to an end. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has also proven significant for historical study, preserving a chronology of early English history. The lyric and epic poetry they wrote told of the hardships of survival and the importance of courage in performing heroic deeds. English Literature during the Medieval Period Is a broad subject, encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe and beyond during the Middle Ages. The literature of this time was composed of religious writings as well as secular works. Just as in modern literature, it is a complex and rich field of study, from the utterly sacred to the exuberantly profane, touching all points in-between. Works of literature are often grouped by place of origin, language, and genre. Latin was the language of the Roman Catholic Church, which dominated Europe. ...
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