POEMS-
About the poet-
Sarojini Naidu was truly one of the gems of the 20th century India. She was known by the sobriquet "The Nightingale of India". Her contribution was not confined to the fields of politics only but she was also a renowned poet. The play "Maher Muneer", written by Naidu at an early age, fetched a scholarship to study abroad. She briefed the struggles of freedom for independence to the political stalwarts of European nations, she had visited. She married Dr. Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu, a South India. The marriage took place at a time when inter-caste marriage was not acceptable in the society. Her acts helped in raising many eyebrows. In 1905, a collection of poems, she had composed, was published under the title of "Golden Threshold". Being one of the most famous heroines of the 20th century, her birthday is celebrated as "Women's Day"
Summary of poem under study-
In the start of the poem, the poet questions with the merchants in the bazaar about what they are selling, to which the merchants answered that they are selling silver and crimson colored turbans, purple brocade tunics, mirrors framed in amber and daggers with handles made of jade. The first stanza ends there.
In the second stanza, the poet moves to another stall and asked the same question to the vendor about what they are weighing to sell, Saffron, lentils and rice replied the vendors. The poet puts her next question to maidens what they are grinding and she gets a reply that they are grinding henna, sandalwood and spices. In the end of the stanza, poet questions the pedlars about what they are selling and they reply dice made for ivory and chessmen.
The poet moves to a jewelry shop in the third stanza and asks the goldsmith what ornaments they manufacture. They reply; necklace, wristlets, anklets, rings, and continued to say that, they also make bells for blue pigeons that are tied to their feet. The bells are as delicate as a dragonfly’s wing. Simultaneously they make gold girdles for dancers and scabbards for the kings to keep their swords.
In the fourth stanza, the poet visits a fruit shop. There she enquires about what they are selling. They reply we sell lemon, pomegranate and plum. Then the musicians are asked what they play and they say sitar, sarangi and drums. The poet even comes across magicians and asks them what they are chanting and they say that they are chanting magical spells to charm thousand ages to come.
The final stanza is about the flower girls who are asked what they are weaving with strands of colourful flowers. The flower girls answer that they are making garlands for bride and groom to be decorated during wedding night. Alternately they also weave sheets of white flowers which are placed on graves for fragrance purposes.

Critical appreciation of poem understudy-
STYLE:
The general style of the poem is in the form of question and answers. Each stanza begins with a question and ends with an answer. The poet enquires the sellers and vendors of the bazaar about what they are selling which brings out the grandeur of the traditional Indian bazaars. It also adds a special charm to the lyrics of the poem.
The poet has used vibrant rhymes to describe the magnificence of the bazaars and the products sold.It also adds life to her descriptions.
LYRICAL POEM:
Lyrical poetry is a form of poetry that expresses personal and emotional feelings of the poet. In The Bazaars of Hyderabad is a lyrical poem. It celebrates the life depicted in the bazaars of Hyderabad, the occupation of the common folk, their joys and sorrows of everyday life.
IMAGERY:
The poet has touched upon all the five senses of the human body to describe the splendor of the Indian traditional bazaar.
Visual imagery is depicted by the use of vibrant colors- silver, crimson, purple, amber, blue, azure, red and white.
Olfactory senses are stimulated by the use of the fragrances-sandalwood, henna and the smell of flowers.
Auditory imagery is created through the music played by the sitar, the sarangi and the drums. Also the chanting of the magical spells by the magicians produces an auditory image in the minds of the readers.
Gustatory imagery that is the sense of taste is created through the portrayal of the fruits like lemons, pomegranates and plums, staple Indian food lentils and rice.
Finally, the tactile imagery which is the sense of touch produced by the bells made for the pigeons.
POETICAL DEVICES:
Simile: in In The Bazaars of Hyderabad, ‘frail as a dragon-fly’s wing’ is a fine example of simile. The bells of made for the feet of the pigeons are compared with the delicate wings of a dragon-fly.
Repetition: Sarojini Naidu has repeatedly asked questions in every stanza about the different kinds of goods sold in the bazaar.
THEMES:
Folk theme is one of the dominant themes in Sarojini Naidu’s poetry.The poet has vividly described the bazaar with vendors selling different kind of wares. Sarojini Naidu visits the stalls given by merchants, maidens, pedlars, goldsmiths, fruit sellers, musicians and flower girls. She questions them about what they are selling about what they are selling and who in turn politely answer.
Through the poem, we see the bazaar witnesses both sorrows and joys of life. They witness happy moments such as wedding when the bazaar is crowded with people buying garlands, jewelry etc and also during the festive occasions like Holi, Diwali, Eid etc.
The bazaars also witness occasions of sadness like death when kings and soldiers die and the flower girls are seen weaving sheets of white flowers to be used for the dead people’s grave.
Another theme in the poem is the Swadeshi Movement. Though this theme is not explicitly mentioned in the poem but it can be deduced from the time period when the poem was composed . During this time, publication of Indian newspapers was banned so she might have thought the best way to spread the message to people was through her poems. In this poem, she is asking the people of India to boycott the foreign goods and buy products from the typical Indian markets which she has beautifully depicted in her poem In The Bazaars of Hyderabad.
“Coromandel Fishers” is a lyric enriched with vivid imagery and folk culture of the Coromandel Coast of India. It depicts the relationship of fishermen with the world of nature. In the poem human emotions are set against the world of Nature. The first stanza of the poem depicts the solidarity between the fishermen. It is one of the important aspects of folk life in India. The poem begins with an optimistic note:
Summary of poem not understudy- THE COROMANDEL FISHERS
The early and daily morning song that is inculcated in the hearts and minds of the simple fishing community in the eastern coast of India.
It calls them all at each and every early dawn to tell the men folk to rise, brothers, rise; the wakening skies pray to the morning light for the great catch throughout the day. The wind lies asleep in the arms of the dawn like a child that has cried all night. They should leave immediately and let them gather their nets from the shore and set their catamarans; a yacht or other boat with twin hulls in parallel free. To capture the leaping wealth of the tide, the innumerable and immeasurable shoal of fish that moves with the warm ocean current; for these simple fishing folks are the kings of the sea!
No longer had delay let them hasten away in the track of the sea gull's call. The sea is their mother, the cloud is their brother, and the waves are their comrades all. What though they toss at the fall of the sun where the hand of the sea-god drives? He, who holds the storm by the hair, will hide in his breast their lives.
Sweet is the shade of the coconut glade; an open space in a wood or forest; and the scent of the mango grove; a small wood, orchard, or group of trees. And sweet are the sands at the full of the moon; the light of the full moon lightens the surface water of the sea; with the sound of the voices they love; while returning to the shore they sing in rejoice to close each triumphant day. As the endlessly moving waves washes the sores of the land, they create very thick foam at the boundary of the water and the land. But sweeter, are the brothers, the kiss of the spray and the dance of the wild foam's glee; great delight: a song for men’s voices in three or more parts, usually unaccompanied. Row, brothers, row to the edge of the verge; an edge or border; where the low sky mates with the sea; the point over the horizon where the sea appears to touch the sky.