...been influenced by many different things. Because of the Enlightenment, people had been influenced to look for education and freedom for all races and genders. There has been inequality between races since Europeans believed that their race was the dominant race, so, people tried to prove that this was unfair by showing a culture of different paintings and articles, from perspectives of different races and social classes, trying to convince people to see that there was inequality for some men. For example, Document 1 shows both a list of rules and a picture,...
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...Enlightenment What was the Enlightenment Thinkers main idea? The Enlightenment was during the 17th and 18th century. Thinkers in the enlightenment discussed problems in society such as , rights of women , politics , religion , and economics. We learn from the four documents who agrees and disagrees. Mary Wollstonecraft was an enlightenment thinker. Wollstonecraft was a british author that believed that women should have the same rights as everyone. “ Make them free , and they will quickly become wise and virtuous…” (Doc.D) She also believed that women can educate the same way men did. Secondly , John Locke another enlightenment thinker. Locke lived in England during the Civil War and the Glorious Revolution. Locke believed that men...
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...Introduction (Answer each question in three sentences.): What was the “Enlightenment”? What sort of things occurred during this time period? The “Enlightenment” was a movement that would transform an era of misery and exploitation (the European middle ages) to one of change and intellect. In this period people began to challenge authority, look towards new ideas, and aim for bettering their current lives rather than waiting for the afterlife. The “Enlightenment” not only brought new ways of thinking about government, social values and personal rights, but was the driving force behind action for change and rebellion against authorities. During the Industrial Revolution, for example, the impoverished workers educated themselves in order to be...
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...Throughout the period 1750-1900, Enlightenment thinking and ideals significantly influenced political and social debates persistently. The Enlightenment stimulated events such as the advancement of society, political changes, and independence. The Industrial Revolution and the Scientific were occurring simultaneously and also had significant consequences. In some cases, Enlightenment thinking led to resistance to this intellectual movement, and favored traditional social and political structures. Document one emphasizes the necessity of Britain's native traditions, and turning to modernization would stimulate chaos. However, since the author is a British political theorist, he would be more likely to disapprove of the Enlightenment that is...
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...The so-called long Age of Enlightenment in Europe, stretching from the mid-17th century into the 1830s, engendered new political, economic and social ideals and generated knowledge across the arts and sciences. But part of its impetus was outside of Europe. Dorinda Outram likens the European Enlightenment to" a world drama of cross-cultural contact" that "triggered anxieties" for Europeans about the nature of being civilized (Outram, 2004). To the 17th century English philosopher John Locke, an early archetype of an enlightened thinker, the discovery of the New World of America "enlarged the sphere of contemplation" about "civilized man" and his "savage ancestors" (Locke, 1690). There was more to discover. The scientific journeys of exploration around the Pacific in the 18th century by James Cook, another archetypal figure of the Enlightenment, were significant in creating the imagination and knowledge of the age. Although the Enlightenment was a European phenomenon, its scope became global as the scholars of Europe attempted to classify and order the peoples, plants and animals of other worlds as well as map their landscapes. Maori scholar Linda Tuhiwai Smith succinctly sums up the process: "They came, they saw, they named, they claimed" (Tuhiwai Smith, 2001, p. 80). 'Discovery' was the watchword of the Enlightenment (Porter, 2000), realised only by a few Europeans but imagined by many others and evident in the fashion for paintings of drawing room explorations with globes ahd...
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...SMITH-PETER CLASS: HST- 275 Catherine the Great was and remains one of the most important figures in Russian history. During her thirty-four-year reign Russia has greatly prospered not only materially , but more importantly intellectually, which played a vital role in the modernization or the westernization of Russia a couple centuries later. Evidently, analyzing her long reign through the prism of what is considered as democracy today, one could depict its very faults and blemishes. However, we should view her reign as it was then , but not as it should have been nowadays. Whether somebody coined it as an enlightened absolutism, the real truth remained : Catherine the Great has brought Enlightenment to Russia, the European Enlightenment. What was it, Enlightenment?- It was a philosophical movement that greatly fostered rational thinking, the use of science over traditions and superstitions, and also promoted freedom ,security and equality before law for all people. Catherine was thrilled by such great ideas. She devoted herself to reading and established a great line of correspondence with the true leaders of the movement such as Voltaire, Diderot, Bossuet,etc..In her letters, she overtly expressed her intention of becoming an adept of the movement. She started in creating schools and reforming the educational system. She Turned to Voltaire for advice. As an Enlightenment's follower, she was deeply interested in classical plays. Thus, she...
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...The French Revolution of 1789 had many long-range causes. Political, social, and economic conditions in France contributed to the discontent felt by many French people-especially those of the third estate. The ideas of the intellectuals of the Enlightenment brought new views to government and society. The American Revolution also influenced the coming of the French Revolution. The Philosophes planted the seeds for the French Revolution. Their goals were to expose and destroy the inequalities of the ancient regime (old order). The political discontent of France was one of the causes of the Revolution. In the 17th and 18th centuries, France was ruled by an absolute government. The king had all the political powers. Anyone who criticized the government could be arrested and put in prison without trial. Louis XVI was king at the time of the French Revolution. He was more interested in hunting than governing France. He and his Austrian queen, Marie Antoinette, lived an extravagant life at the Palace of Versailles. They did not really care about the state of their country. The excerpt from the cahiers mentioned in document 3 shows that the votes in the assembly were not taken by head. The people of the 3rd estate felt a sense of betrayal when the king supported the block voting over the head voting. The first two estates worked together to outvote the large third estate to keep them from becoming a threat to the power. Lord Acton, an Englishmen, states that the monarchy being overthrown...
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...Bradford and the settlers of Plymouth Plantation were not only religiously devout but had an entirely different set of values from those of the Enlightenment. Bradford has little or no acceptance of diversity. In Bradford’s writings he expresses a feeling of complete alienation from people who were not of the separatist colony with which he arrived. He describes the native people of America as savages who he fears. He shows little or no acceptance of anyone besides the separatists. Bradford makes a reference to some of the men who traveled with him by telling that he was, “occasioned partly by the discontented and mutinous speeches of that some of the strangers amongst them had let fall from them in the ship.” They strangers he refers to are the men on the Mayflower that came for economic opportunity. Bradford’s negative view of any that came for or tried to achieve economic advance shows a clear difference of Bradfords values from that of Enlightenment writers. Bradford being a puritan sees economic prosperity as a distraction from the practicing the will of god. When more settlers begin to arrive in Plymouth Plantation the community and economy expand. Bradford writes, “many were much enriched, and commodities grew plentiful; and yet in other regards this benefit turned to their hurt, and this accession of strength to their weakness.” The commodities were also a means for distraction in Bradford’s mind as they may make one wander from the path they take to get to heaven...
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...continuation of the processes that dominated in the society of that time. People were tired of the inviolable order that reigned in their life. Almost all countries were monarchies. It meant that life of people was limited and subjected to the kings’ rule. People were oppressed and did not have their needs satisfied. These were the main causes of the French Revolution in 1789 and the Industrial Revolution in England. The aim of people to be free in their opportunities and to raise the living standard drove them in their struggle. Thus, all these events show that people wanted to escape from the established order and, perhaps, to abstract from the daily routine and to pay more attention to their feelings and inner world. The Age of Enlightenment that ruled in the eighteenth century was also called the Age of Reason. The reason was considered the basis of all due to it science developed rapidly. However, despite the irrefutable benefit of this period in Europe’s history, the lack of attention to human soul was tangible and prevented the society from the spiritual development. Thus, we can say that Romanticism was a trend that reflected people’s need in the attention to their emotions. With the help of Romanticism people revolted against...
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...History 002 21 February 2012 Writing Response 1: The American Revolution and the French Revolution were both influenced in part from the Enlightenment era. Much of the inspirations for the documents that were created by the French and US were taken from the ideas of such people like John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau. In this essay I will point out the various philosophies that were adopted. One of the main things that were stated is that all people all created equal. That all people are born with rights that should not be withheld from them. If any government were to take these rights away from them it is up to the people to over throw such a government. They took this idea from Condorcet who also stated that people cannot be prosecuted without those abiding by civil codes. This also includes the right to vote or to choose who you want to represent you which was taken from John Locke. `Another point that is made is how government should be run. The thing that shows up the most is the rights of the king. Before it was believed that the king had the divine right to govern over other people. Many of the enlightened thinkers thought that you need to have understanding and tolerance of others. Not only should those in power, but the people also need to have a firm understanding of what is going on around them and to question, if necessary, laws that the government enacts. As people choose who it is that will set the laws which they will need to follow. Though some enlightened...
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...Jeffrey Schnell HUM2233 6/7/13 Morgan Comparison and contrast: The French and American Revolution Revolution has been seen throughout many nations during man’s reign on this earth. While there are a multitude of factors and reasons behind what creates an uprising of a country, the conclusions of these revolts certainly have one thing in common, that is change. As seen in the American and French Revolutions, citizens dealt and suffered unjust rule, taxation, and social isolation. These two rebellions took place in the same era and are generally grouped together by scholars, even many who would argue that one influenced the other. Under closer examination, while many comparisons can be made, many profound contrasts can be distinguished. This essay will review main occurrences in these two historical events, focusing on the comparisons and contrasts of factors such as causes, goals, and outcomes of both the American and French Revolutions. Both the American Revolution and the French Revolution were born of dire economic conditions. While this similarity is true, each country had their own separate financial issues that led to each respective rebellion. The roots of the American Revolution stemmed from the taxation upon the Colonists by the monarchy of the British. Taxes were not something that citizens of the new world were unfamiliar to, but the issue was more vested in just reasoning behind the increased taxes on the Colonies, this idea birthed a familiar phrase of...
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...The French Revolution of 1789 had many long-range causes. Political, social, and economic conditions in France contributed to the discontent felt by many French people-especially those of the third estate. The ideas of the intellectuals of the Enlightenment brought new views to government and society. The American Revolution also influenced the coming of the French Revolution. The Philosophes planted the seeds for the French Revolution. Their goals were to expose and destroy the inequalities of the ancient regime (old order). The political discontent of France was one of the causes of the Revolution. In the 17th and 18th centuries, France was ruled by an absolute government. The king had all the political powers. Anyone who criticized the government could be arrested and put in prison without trial. Louis XVI was king at the time of the French Revolution. He was more interested in hunting than governing France. He and his Austrian queen, Marie Antoinette, lived an extravagant life at the Palace of Versailles. They did not really care about the state of their country. The excerpt from the cahiers mentioned in document 3 shows that the votes in the assembly were not taken by head. The people of the 3rd estate felt a sense of betrayal when the king supported the block voting over the head voting. The first two estates worked together to outvote the large third estate to keep them from becoming a threat to the power. Lord Acton, an Englishmen, states that the monarchy being overthrown...
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...and reason) to try to explain natural phenomena. * This implies that people went against the belief that the supernatural and godly works are solely responsible for every aspect of life (and outcomes of decisions) * Thus came the idea that we, as humans, can control our own destiny with our own decisions, and that we might not have a set, predestined life. * Atheism becomes an important aspect to the Enlightenment * God’s role becomes reduced in the minds of many people – from the ultimate controller of absolutely everything to an idle watcher of events and determiner of afterlife * Reason and logic also led to a literary explosion * Filled with novel ideas coming to life via dissertations, books, journals, pamphlets, booklets, and more. * With the literary explosion, this leads to the interest and expansion of education (importance of becoming literate) * Without educated and literate people, the Enlightenment would not have been possible. The Enlightenment needed people to write their ideas, and also needed people with the...
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...Behavioral Research Positive Era Normative Era Important to understanding, appreciation of present and future practices. Introduction General Scientific Period Accounting Pedagogy Development of Accounting Theory Need to study to contribute to Accounting Policy History Development Of Accounting Accounting Practices * Explain current practice to better understood accountant and non-accountant * Evaluate practice, provide frame and reference to judge current practice. * Facilitate the development of future practice Purpose Early History First double entry books known to exist are Massari of Genoa, 1340 Definition of Accounting Theory Age of record keeping Aimed at maintaining intergrity and discovering missappropriation Using Arabic numbers. More easy and slowly it prevailed. A set of broad principles that provide a general frame of reference by which accounting practice can be evaluated and guides the development of new practices and procedures. Has history about Roman numerals which made calculation and understanding more difficult which is no zero value and it can’t be adapted. The Birth of Double Entry Accounting Reasons to explain the role of double entry Factors that make bookkeeping presence in ancient. Luca Pacioli’s Contribution Double entry contributed to a new attitude towards economic life In 1494, they published Summa de Arithmetica, Geomeria, Proportioni et Proportionalita. The book include...
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...Romanticism and Realism Western Governor’s University RWT Task 1 February 17, 2013 Romanticism and Realism 1. Romanticism was a period starting as early as the 1760s seen not only in the world of art but also in the literary and musical worlds as well. The movement originated during the French Revolution as a contention to the Enlightenment period that centered on science and logic. The movement ranged from widespread Europe to the United States. During this period of time the Industrial Revolution was beginning and people lived in uprising cities with deplorable conditions of terrible sanitation and poor health. Focusing on Romanticism in the realm of art, the initial paintings consisted of landscapes. The need for open space was a reaction to the closeness of people living together in the city. It was very common to find turmoil and storms taking over the canvas. A great summary of the origins Romanticism can be quoted from The Metropolitan Museum of Art as “In Romantic art, nature—with it’s uncontrollable power, unpredictability, and potential for cataclysmic extremes— offered an alternative to the ordered world of Enlightenment thought.” (Galitz, 2000) Artists of this time period would paint pictures that caused the viewers to feel emotion. There were no distinguished characteristics of how a painting was created. Creations during the art period were original from the artists themselves and had no set technical rules. This could be seen in the differences of stroke...
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