...In the National Gallery ”In the National Gallery” is a short story by Doris Lessing form 2007. The themes in the story are that older are more patient than younger, a person can be attracted by another without showing it, and you must follow the time otherwise it can become ugly. The narrator is first person point of view “She was the boss girl in this group, even if nit officially a head girl or monitor” (page 3, line 43). The narrator has an objective sight, but the narrator reflects and interprets what he sees. Therefore gets the reader a subjective view on the text. Because it is his thoughts we read. “Her eyes focused, on the great brilliant horse, so close, towering there on the golden canvas, on his hind legs.” (page 4, line 102) The French girl did not say anything about the horse; therefore can the narrator not tell what the French girl thinks about the horse. We only get the narrator thoughts therefore the narrator becomes unreliable. Strubbs horse is a symbol of the older man. “But then a man sat down, on the other side of the bench’s arm and he leaned forward, elbows on knees, and locked hard at the horse” (Page 1, Line 19). Before had the horse an important role in the society. Every great leader in history has sat on a horseback, because it was a strong, powerful, and fast. Now we only use the horse as a hobby. When the older man was young he was a strong and marvellous man. He cut pick up a sixteen-year-old girl when he just where twelve years old. ”She...
Words: 1005 - Pages: 5
...Ethics. The ethics of many American companies are not law but should be treated as such however these regulations are rarely followed and sometimes not followed at all. The risks that companies have been taking to increase profits and put more money into the CEO’s pockets use illegal actions. In recent times, companies such as Enron, Wal-Mart and BP have been guilty of multiple charges against ethical principles which have led to bankruptcies, housing market crashes and environmental disasters. The most famous case related to Enron and their aggressive accounting practices of reporting losses as profits to keep the stock price high. This act ultimately led to the bankruptcy of the company. Enron was founded in Omaha, Nebraska by Kenneth Lay in 1985. It was an American energy, commodities and services company based in Houston, Texas. Enron was once viewed as one of the best companies in America during its initial years of operation. Fortune magazine named Enron “America’s Most Innovative Company” for six consecutive years. Enron employed 20,000 employees, owned multiple pipelines and power plants in addition to a stock price that hit a peak of $90. Enron had an extensive code of ethics policy. This policy was 64 pages long and described each policy and the consequences for breaking them. All aspects of the company made it look like the shining star they wanted to people to believe. What was actually going on...
Words: 2101 - Pages: 9
...BACHELOR OF COMMERCE YEAR 3 - ACADEMIC CALENDER | | | Appendix A: ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET | | | | | | | | | | Date Received: ………………………….. | | | | Date Returned: ……………....………… | | | Programme | BACHELOR OF COMMERCE DEGREE | Module Name | BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 3 | Assignment Number | ASSIGNMENT 1 | Surname | De Villiers | First Name/s | Cornèl | Student Number | BCOM 1121041 | Date Submitted | | Postal Address | P O Box 252 | | Henties Bay | | Namibia | | 9000 | E-MAIL | | myregent email addresss | (Please note that confirmation of assignment receipt as well as | | return assignment will be forwarded to this e-mail address) | E-MAIL | renier@iway.na & Cornel.deVilliers@hbaymun.com.na | (alternate e-mail address) | | Contacte Numbers | Cell: 0812575079 | | Home: 064-500694 | | Work: 064-502022 | Alternate Contact: Name | Renier Henning de Villiers | Relationship | Husband | Contact Number | 0812403219 | | | I hereby confirm that the assignment submitted herein is my own original work. | | | | | Signature of Student: | ……………………………………………………………….Date: ……………………………….. | BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 3: ASSIGNMENT 1 Table of Content: Question: Page: Question 1 3-6 Question 2 7-9 Question 3 10-12 Question 4 13-14 Bibliography 15 QUESTION 1: (40) Read the...
Words: 5673 - Pages: 23
...Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski, Carole Lager, Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin Enron and World Finance Also by Observatoire de la Finance From Bretton Woods to Basel Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 21, Spring 2005 Ethics of Taxation and Banking Secrecy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 12, Autumn 2002 Will the Euro Shape Europe? Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 9, Winter 2001–2 Dommen, E. (ed.) Debt Beyond Contract Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 2, 2001 Bonvin, J.-M. Debt and the Jubilee: Pacing the Economy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 1, 1999 Dembinski, P. H. (leading contributor) Economic and Financial Globalization: What the Numbers Say United Nations, Geneva, 2003 Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski Carole Lager Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin in association with the Observatoire de la Finance Selection, editorial matter and Chapters 1, 2 and 16 © Observatoire de la Finance Remaining chapters © contributors 2006 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence ...
Words: 118357 - Pages: 474
...Web of Details Did Enron In as Warnings Went Unheeded Sun Feb 10, 3:15 PM ET By KURT EICHENWALD with DIANA B. HENRIQUES The New York Times Jeff Gerth, Richard A. Oppel Jr., Richard W. Stevenson, and Don Van Natta Jr. also contributed to this article. HOUSTON, Feb. 9 Kenneth L. Lay strode onto a ballroom stage at the Hyatt Regency Hill Country Resort in San Antonio, walking between two giant screens that displayed his projected image. Before him, bright light from the ballroom's chandeliers spilled across scores of round tables where executives from the Enron Corporation waited to hear the words of Mr. Lay, their longtime chairman and chief executive. This meeting of hundreds of Enron executives in the first week of January 2001 was a time of revelry, a chance to celebrate a year when business seemed good even better than good. At night, according to executives who attended, Champagne and liquor flowed from the open bar, while fistfuls of free cigars were available for the taking. Executives could belly up to temporary gambling tables for high-stakes games of poker. Others found their excitement in the company- sponsored car race; one executive had even hired a truck to transport his three Ferraris from Houston for the event. Now, as waiters wearing bolo ties scurried about, the executives listened eagerly to Mr. Lay's descriptions of Enron's recent year of success, and the new successes that were within reach. Already, Enron was near the top of the Fortune 500, a...
Words: 6202 - Pages: 25
...Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski, Carole Lager, Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin Enron and World Finance Also by Observatoire de la Finance From Bretton Woods to Basel Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 21, Spring 2005 Ethics of Taxation and Banking Secrecy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 12, Autumn 2002 Will the Euro Shape Europe? Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 9, Winter 2001–2 Dommen, E. (ed.) Debt Beyond Contract Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 2, 2001 Bonvin, J.-M. Debt and the Jubilee: Pacing the Economy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 1, 1999 Dembinski, P. H. (leading contributor) Economic and Financial Globalization: What the Numbers Say United Nations, Geneva, 2003 Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski Carole Lager Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin in association with the Observatoire de la Finance Selection, editorial matter and Chapters 1, 2 and 16 © Observatoire de la Finance Remaining chapters © contributors 2006 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying...
Words: 118358 - Pages: 474
...Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 SE584: Forensic and Business Investigations Techniques February 22, 2009 The passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) changed how accounting is practiced and how corporations handle their accounting departments, to include auditing and internal controls. Some of these changes are for better accountability and some are for governing the application of stricter rules. The accounting profession was dramatically affected by the events leading up to and after the passing of this law. In the days before SOX, there were many high valued fraudulent activities. The news was flooded with employees, managers, and executives who were committing fraud against their investors, their organizations, or both. Millions and billions of dollars were being lost. The acts that brought about SOX began many years before its inception but were especially prevalent during the dot-com boom. These company’s executives fraudulently reported increases in revenue dollars, bringing their net income up in order to keep pace with their growth projected by analysts. The collapse of these “fast and furious” companies did not mean the last of the major fraudulent activities by executives against organizations or their investors. The 1990s was a time that saw many changes affecting business. The Internet was beginning to open more to commercial use, no more was it just for academics and the government. The age of technology that had started in the 1960s truly took off. The...
Words: 3558 - Pages: 15
...Enron: The Fall Of A Wall Street Darling Read more: http://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/09/enron-collapse.asp?partner=basics120111#ixzz1fiw28U4O Enron is a company that reached dramatic heights, only to face a dizzying collapse. The story ends with the bankruptcy of one of America's largest corporations. Enron's collapse affected the lives of thousands of employees, many pension funds and shook Wall Street to its very core. To this day, many wonder how a company so big and so powerful disappeared almost overnight. How did it manage to fool the regulators and the Wall Street community for so long, with fake off-the-books corporations? What is the overall lasting impact that Enron has had on the investment community and the country in general? Tutorial: Introduction To Accounting Collapse of a Wall Street Darling By the fall of 2000, Enron was starting to crumble under its own weight. CEO Jeffrey Skilling had a way of hiding the financial losses of the trading business and other operations of the company; it was called mark-to-market accounting. This is used in the trading of securities, when you determine what the actual value of the security is at the moment. This can work well for securities, but it can be disastrous for other businesses. In Enron's case, the company would build an asset, such as a power plant, and immediately claim the projected profit on its books, even though it hadn't made one dime from it. If the revenue from the power plant was less...
Words: 1067 - Pages: 5
...Discuss. The Lehman management openly violated the ethics code of business. For example they filed unverifiable, inaccurate financial reports openly contravening the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that states that companies should file correct and accurate financial documents. They also disregarded legit means of conducting business creating a culture where staff that practiced illegitimate means were idolized and rewarded thus encouraged to continue with their ways. In another case the management initiated a policy that reduced the health insurance of their staff showing openly that their main objective was profits. All this practices were extremely unethical openly encouraged by the top executives (Smith, 1997). 5. After all the public uproar over Enron and then the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to protect shareholders, why do you think we still...
Words: 494 - Pages: 2
...Examining a Business Failure: The Downfall of Enron Team D: LDR/531 2012 Eric Heard In December of 2001, Enron was forced to file for bankruptcy after an investigation of their finances. This investigation uncovered a history of conspiracy, money laundering, and inside trading that led to one of the largest fraud scandals in history (Cernusca, 2011). As a result, businesses should examine exactly where this powerhouse faltered. The areas to be studied specifically are organizational structure, leadership, and management (Yuki, 2010). Once this is complete, business should learn from Enron's mistakes and be careful not repeat history. Organizational Structure's Part of the Enron Failure When looking at an organization, the structure which is defined as “how job tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated” is important to fully understand the organization and how it can be an asset or in the case of Enron a failure (Robbins & Judge, 2011, p. 493). Since the fall of Enron people have studied the company to see what caused the failure. Due to Enron’s failure we have new legislation to help prevent some of the issues from happening again in other companies from the Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX). One of the reasons for the act was the way Enron’s upper management ran the company. One key element to organizational structure is Centralization and Decentralization decision-making. This key aspect could be argued as the main...
Words: 1178 - Pages: 5
...Career Fair Mike Russell AIU Online Abstract Accurate accounting and the understanding can make or break your company or organization; not to mention possible jail time in the worse cases. The first way of ensuring accurate accounting is understanding the objectives. The second way is to understand the terminology of the accounting process and in the financial reporting aspects. The third way is to understand the ethics behind the accounting and reporting process. The forth way is to impement your role in the accounting process. Career Fair The primary objectives of accounting, basic terminology in the accounting process, the financial reporting, the ethics and the individual role each of us can play in the accounting process will be discussed in the following paragraphs. There are a multitude of things that happen at once but this will cover the basics for this career fair. Primary Objectives of Accounting There are a couple of ways businesses stay afloat by being financially stable and earning income. The process of financial information and conducting the financial record up keeping are vital to any organization, ensuring transparency of all information at the guidelines require you to prepare and produce them. The accounting cycle and the operating cycles are your intervals for reporting financial information. "This information is generally used by internal and external stakeholders to measure the organization's fiscal health" (M.U.S.E. Accounting Principles...
Words: 1113 - Pages: 5
...Memo of law Question/Issue Presented What evidence can be found during a legal discovery and how does this affect the record-keeping policy of a business organization? Applicable Law and Ethical Standards Newby v. Enron Corp. , 2002 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 28397 (S.D. Tex. May 1, 2002) Newby v. Enron Corp. (In re Enron Cor... , 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1668, Fed. Sec. L. Rep. (CCH) P92404 (S.D. Tex. Jan. 28, 2003) United States v. Arthur Andersen LLP , 2002 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 26870 (S.D. Tex. May 24, 2002) 18 USCS § 1512 Discussion/Analysis (of Law and Facts) During a legal discovery which includes the procedures of Deposition, Interrogatories and Production of Documents there can be different evidence found depending on the area of work the business organization is involved in. An example could be that a company tried to create false documents with the intent to seem like a good investment or to avoid paying taxes. During a deposition evidence can be found that people questioned tell conflicting stories. It is crucial to be able to deliver the right documents requested during a discovery. Therefore, it is important to have an organized record-keeping policy for any organization. Furthermore, a business should keep its records as correct as possible and not be tempted to give in to fraud, changing documents or destroying important documents. A company should follow the law to keep the required documents. It would be a crime to hide, destroy and/or withhold subpoenaed...
Words: 345 - Pages: 2
...Final Paper: Case Study of WorldCom Financial Statement Fraud Introduction This paper will discuss the financial statement fraud committed by WorldCom by examining what led up to the fraud, who committed it and why, and the impact it caused on various stakeholders and the economy. WorldCom applied aggressive and undisclosed accounting tactics to provide financial statements that reflected a $10 billion profit for the years 2000 and 2001, rather than the actual combined loss of $73.7 billion that occurred (Romar, 2006). Opportunity, pressure, and rationalization were all present in this severe example of financial statement fraud which had a devastating impact on stakeholders globally. Basis for Understanding Financial Statement Fraud Prior to taking a deep dive into this specific example, it is important to first understand what constitutes financial statement fraud. Financial statement fraud can be defined as “deliberate misstatements or omissions of amounts or disclosures of financial statements to deceive financial statement users, particularly investors and creditors” (Wells, 2011, p. 299). Financial statement frauds can be broken down into five distinct categories: fictitious revenues, improper asset valuations, concealed liabilities and expenses, timing differences, and improper disclosures” (Wells, 2011, p. 292). The History of WorldCom “WorldCom began in Mississippi as a small provider of long distance telephone services” (Lyke, 2002). However, due to deregulation...
Words: 3888 - Pages: 16
...circumstances this power can distress other businesses and also the over-all community. Unethical behaviors in the accountant business are often challenging to identify. An accountant is good in what they do. They transfer money to their own bank account from the company account without anyone knowing. These actions also include bribes, insider swapping, misappropriation, and corruption. Also the furthermost things are exploitation of money and giving false material on business reports for private expansion. A lot of of the matters we go through with the present economy are responsible for the unethical conduct in the accounting business. Two of the well-known corporations that were finally jammed and arraigned for unethical conducts were Enron and WorldCom. The misrepresentation of business statements and deceitful commotion in the stock market affects thousands of stakeholders to miss money. Throughout this humiliation, a hand full of people in this company was making millions of dollars from other people expense. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 or frequently mention as Sox is known as Representative Michael Oxley and Senator Paul Sarbanes. Sox were announced to law in 2002 with the new rule guidelines concerning the approaches of economic procedures of organizations. Accurate and timely financial reporting is two of the major keys to the success of Sox ("Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 401", 2003). The result of Sox on fiscal statements involves correct and not misrepresentative...
Words: 372 - Pages: 2
...Comply with Sarbanes-Oxley Act Nguyễn Phước Đại dnguyen0191@student.bristoluniversity.edu Bristol University BUS 555: Business Ethics 10/16/2013 Comply with Sarbanes-Oxley Act Cynics sometimes like to say that locks on doors only keep honest people out, and the same is often true for accounting rules and regulations. We only trust financial statements from honest companies. Hefty penalties for violating the rules may act as curb for executives who are considering whether to play with their numbers. Accounting frauds most often stem from two conditions: lack of transparency and conflicts of interest1. The string of corporate scandals since the beginning of the millennium has taken its toll on investor confidence. Because reliance on corporate boards to police themselves did not seem to be working, Congress passed the Public Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002, commonly known as Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which enforced by Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). (Hartman, L., DesJardin, J. 2011, p426) The collapse of Enroll, WorldCom, accounting frauds at Tyco and the passage of Sarbanes-Oxley have forced boards of directors, particularly at publicly-traded companies, to reassess how they do acquisition deals and on what basis they can represent to the shareholders that the deal is fair to all parties. (Andrew J. Sherman & Milledge A. Hart 2006, p87) In business there is one simple rule: grow or die. Companies on a growth path will...
Words: 1756 - Pages: 8
