...Topic 1: Managing Management: • What is it? • Efficiency and Effectiveness Management • The process of getting things done effectively and efficiently, with and through people Effectiveness • “Doing the right things”, doing those tasks that help an organisation reach its goals Efficiency • Concerned with the means, efficient use of resources like people, money, and equipment (“Doing things right”) Managers: • Who are Managers? • Levels of Managers Top Managers • Responsible for making decisions about the direction of the organisation. • Examples; President, Chief Executive Officer, Vice-President Middle Managers • Manage the activities of other managers. • Examples; District Manager, Division Manager First-Line Managers • Responsible for directing nonmanagerial employees • Examples: Supervisor, Team Leader • Types of Managers Nonmanagerial Employees • People who work directly on a job or task and have no responsibility for overseeing the work of others. • Examples: sales and service staff Managers • Individuals who direct the activities of others in organisations. Functions of Management ( Fayol): • Planning, Organising, Leading, Controlling The Functions Approach • In the functions approach proposed by French industrialist Henri Fayol (1916), all managers perform four management activities • These activities are relevant to all managers, in all fields and industries • Originally Fayol proposed five functions/activities...
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...Management Control Environment Theoretical Introduction An organization consists of responsibility centers. The performance at responsibility center can be measured in terms of Effectiveness and Efficiency of Work.Effectiveness refers to how well the work is done while Efficiency in the engineering sense,is the amount of output per unit of input. Management control involves the planning and control of these centers’ activities so they make the desired contributions toward achieving the organization’s objectives. The management control environment includes the nature of the organization:its rules,guidelines,and procedures;its culture; and its external environment. Responsibility centers use inputs and assets to produce outputs.Responsibility accounting focuses on planned and actual amounts for responsibility center inputs and outputs. It is to be contrasted with full cost accounting, which focuses on products rather than on responsibility centers. There are four types of responsibility centers: revenue centers,in which outputs are measured in monetary terms & are often expense centers as well;expense centers,in which inputs are measured in monetary terms; profit centers, in which both inputs and outputs are measured in monetary terms; and investment centers,in which both profits and assets employed are measured and related to each other.Profits and Assets employed interrelates ( not just mere control of assets) in an investment center. ...
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...Question 1: The Management Accounting Environment Word Count allowed 500 – Actual word count 536 a) How Management Accounting can contribute to competitive advantage and competitive strategy b) How Management Accounting Information can be used for the proposed strategy GTH Ltd manufactures hearing aids and other innovative products for the deaf community; the business is looking at the differentiation strategy and the possibility of expanding into foreign markets, specifically developing countries. Management accounting focuses on subunits of the business, which allows the analysis of a variety of aspects of the business, such as processes, departments and specific products to ensure that the actual results are tracking close to the plans. Whereas financial accounting is an overall view of the business which produces reports for the external stakeholders and must adhere to the NZ accounting standards. Management accounting is not governed by such standards, if something can be measured it can be analysed, controlled and influenced. The differentiation strategy of innovation means that GTH Ltd needs to continually design and develop innovative products. Management accounting information is important and it must be received by managers in a timely manner so that production processes can be changed rapidly in response to innovations within the R&D team and in response to changes in the competitive environment. Management accounting can track the innovations...
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...Management Accounting Environment Introduction Every organization small, medium and large needs someone to be in charge of day to day activities that is going to be responsible for decision making, planning, controlling, directing personnel, outlining organization structure and will be responsible for taking strategies in competitive advantages. In today’s business environment, corporate organizations need to take every advantage they can to remain competitive due to highly increasing competition in the market, i.e. electronics commerce ( e-commerce) and introduction of new technology day by day. Customers need specialized products and service and accurate information convening product they are purchasing, product availability, order status, delivering time. Shareholders expect greater value from their investment and accurate information of the financial status of the company. This new competitive environment requires companies ability to create value for their customers and to differentiate themselves from their competitors through the formulation of clear business strategy. In today's business environment, knowledge is power so business strategy must be supported by appropriate organizational factors such as accounting information systems, organizational design and effective manufacturing process Management Accounting deals with provision of information inside the company - that is, the process of identifying, measuring and forecasting, analyzing, interpreting...
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...Research proposal on “RECORD MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN ICT ENVIRONMENT” Case study: Prime Minister Office – Regional Administration and Local Government TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE 4 1 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Overview of business records management in Tanzania 5 1.2 Statement of the Problem 6 1.2.1 Legal requirements: 7 1.2.2 Policy instruments: 8 1.2.3 The current situation 9 1.3 Objectives of the study 10 1.3.1 General objective 10 1.3.2 Specific objectives 11 1.4 Research Questions 11 1.5 Significance of the study 12 2 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 DATA, INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT 13 2.2.1 An overview of data, information, knowledge and records 13 2.2.2 Role of data, information, knowledge and records in organizations 14 2.2.3 Information and knowledge as critical resources in development 15 2.3 Meaning of Record 17 2.3.1 Records Management 17 2.3.2 Record keeping principles 18 2.3.3 Management of Public Records 27 2.3.4 Functions and responsibilities of a records office 28 2.4 Record management policies 29 2.5 Managing electronic records 30 2.6 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY 31 2.6.1 Records life-cycle 31 2.6.2 Records continuum 33 2.6.3 Hybrid records life-cycle theory 36 2.6.4 Linking the theoretical framework to the research problem 37 3 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Research area 39 3.3 Research design 39 3.4 Population and sampling procedure 39 3.5...
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...Better Managers Pursue a Positive Environment Lora Golden American Public University Better Managers Pursue a Positive Environment It is important for managers to understand how they can become more effective in their leadership role if they pursue a positive working environment and culture in their organization. Employees do not want a job where they are on the defensive all the time, picked on, constantly reprimanded or criticized; as most employees understand that a job has to be done but they desire to be treated well and to have an environment at work of a little fun and respect (Osterwalder & Pigneur, 2010). Managers can obtain this type of environment and culture by practicing a few concepts such as providing a trusting relationship, providing fairness among the treatment of staff, and by being honest with employees. Managers and leaders must ask themselves what the culture characteristics are in their organization, what their leadership style is, what the culture of the followers is, and what can be done to strengthen positive culture for their particular organization (Donavan, (2002). Managers need to understand what makes their team tick and what does not. Characteristics to consider implementing would promote team building, process working, communication, and leadership confidence. As a leader implements these behaviors in themselves then they will exude those behaviors in others. Also managers must understand that positive culture is not a one size...
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...Waste Management- A Man-Environment Linkage ABSTRACT The paper discovers the conceptual relationship between the modern day waste and the management systems incorporated there in to control and take necessary measures. It discovers the Man – Environment relation in handling waste and related matters and establishes a causative relation between them throughout the ages in knowing the reasons. It highlights the rediscovery of the importance of this linkage and places the relationship in proper perspective with a long term focus in mind. Authors: 1. P.M. Prasad Assistant Professor, Oil and Gas Deptt Email add: pmprasad@ddn.upes.ac.in Contact Number: 8449520968 2. Dr. S.K.Pokhriyal Professor and Head of Deptt, Oil and Gas and Energy Trading Email add: spokhriyal@ddn.upes.ac.in Contact Number: 9997033383 Waste Management- A Man-Environment Linkage ‘ Waste’ is generally used to define any liquid or solid residue from site refinery operations, other than a petroleum product, for which there is economically no viable outlet and therefore needs to be managed via recycling , treatment of disposal. It therefore symbolizes the helplessness or the limitations of the technology at the hands of mankind to fully exploit the resource processing. This is understood that there exists an end point down the operational line. What is left to be judged is whether or how efficient has been the process in treating the products and what better...
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...Chs 5, 6, 7, 8, 18 – Macroeconomic Components Problem Set Macroeconomics Ch 5 - Consumption Questions 1. When the C-line crosses the 45-degree line, saving is ______ . A. positive B. negative C. zero D. impossible to calculate without further information 2. When disposable income (DI) is zero, ______ . A. autonomous consumption is equal to induced consumption B. autonomous consumption is equal to total consumption C. induced consumption is equal to total consumption D. autonomous consumption is zero E. induced consumption is greater than zero 3. The minimum amount that people will spend even if DI is zero is called _____ consumption. A. autonomous B. permanent C. induced D. total E. special 4. According to the permanent income hypothesis, if a person won the lottery, they would spend _____ that year. A. all of the winnings B. some of the winnings C. none of the winnings D. more than all of the winnings 5. The permanent income hypothesis is a theory from economist _____ . A. Adam Smith B. John Maynard Keynes C. Thorstein Veblen D. Milton Friedman E. Karl Marx 6. Conspicuous consumption is a theory from economist _____ . A. Adam Smith B. John Maynard Keynes C. Thorstein Veblen D. Milton Friedman E. Karl Marx 7. In the U.S., the largest component of C is ______ . A. durable goods B. services C. nondurable goods D. inventory E. residential housing 8. The consumption function tells us that, as income rises, consumption _____ . A. declines B. remains the same C. rises but more slowly...
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...Strategic Management Report – an External Environment Analysis Hsinyin Tan Strategic Management Report – an External Environment Analysis This essay will provide two aspects of environmental assessments undertaken on 800 Super Holdings Limited (800): a macro-environmental PESTEL analysis, and an industry analysis using Porter’s Five Forces of how 800 fairs in today’s competitive environment. 800 Super Holdings Limited 800 is a home grown company with humble beginnings in 1986 before its IPO offering and listing on the SGX-Catalist on 15 July 2011. An established integrated environmental solutions provider, 800’s business lies in waste management (WM) and recycling, cleaning and conservancy; and horticultural services. With its broad range of services, 800’s customer base is diverse and ranges from municipals to the industrial, institutional and commercial sectors (800 super, 2015). 800 has posted healthy profits year after year, with FY2014 revenue increasing 17.9% to S$115 million and net profit after tax improving 57.1% to $9.1 million (Chairman Statement, 2014); as of HY2015, revenue has already increased 95.4% to S$12.3 million, pushing current net profit to S$4.6 million (800 super, 2015). 800’s recent prominent deals include a Ministry of Home Affairs S$38.6 million three-year contract for cleaning and horticultural services in the East and West regions (shareinvestor, 2015). Winning two out of eight integrated public cleaning (IPC) seven-year contracts in the...
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... | ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ISO 14000 SERIES | | | | | ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ISO 14000 SERIES | INTRODUCTIONThe aim of sustainable development is to minimize resource depletion , social instability and environmental damage for the larger cause of society and its welfare . For the accomplishment of this aim, companies need to demonstrate their corporate social responsibility (CSR) that includes concern for environment. As a first step towards the goals for environment concerns is to establish an ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (E.M.S.).WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(E.M.S.)?E.M.S. is a formal system concerned with managing the aspects of company’s activities , products and services that have and could have an impact on the environment. So we can say Environmental management system (EMS) refers to the management of an organisation's environmental programs in a comprehensive, systematic, planned and documented manner. It includes the organisational structure, planning and resources for developing, implementing and maintaining policy for environmental protection.WHY E.M.S. ? / OBJECTIVES OF E.M.S. * Serves as a tool to improve environmental performance. * Provides a systematic way of managing an organization’s environmental affairs. * Is the aspect of the organization’s overall management structure that addresses immediate and long-term impacts of its products, services and processes on the environment. * Gives order and...
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...Forces outside the firm’s traditional boundaries are increasingly important in determining the firm’s success. These forces in “the environment of business” differ among nations and over time, continually confronting the firm with new issues that require modifications in strategies and management practices. Managing in the context of turbulence has become an ongoing reality. Readers will learn how to modify their strategies and management practices and adapt to this new reality. SOCIAL FORCES The subject of ethical codes and CSR crystallizes many social challenges. At the one extreme are those who, like Milton Friedman (1970/2001), advocate the guiding principle of shareholder value maximization as the sole determinant of managerial decisions. At the other extreme are those who expound an altruistic philanthropy based on philosophical beliefs concerning universal ethics, such as those related to human rights. Within this range of perspectives, many authors offer distinct typologies for analyzing social forces and for developing appropriate firm responses to each set of social forces. Meanwhile, the rise of activist groups who threaten public criticism and boycotts means that even Friedman’s dictum of maximizing shareholder value now requires a wide range of CSR strategies. Some analysts, such as Porter and Kramer (2006), believe that each firm should create a competitive advantage through appropriate CSR strategies. From this perspective, CSR morphs into political strategies...
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...Chapter 1: List some of the changes in management practice that have occurred in the recent past and describe how these changes have impacted things like, for example, efficiency and effectiveness, IT, allocation of organizational resources, or achieving and maintaining a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Select one or two of these changes (or others, if you prefer), and describe the resulting impact. Recent changes in management practice have included restructuring, outsourcing, and allowing employees to explore their own ways in building up their clientele or business within a company. Restructuring involves downsizing a company in order to reduce the operating costs, whether it’s to close one of many department store in a major retail company (which many times involve job losses) or replacing employee resources with technology providing more efficiency, but not necessarily effectiveness. For example, CVS Pharmacy has recently began to provide self-checkouts for their customers, allowing customers to be able to ring up their own sales instead of waiting in line for a sales clerk to do so; this helps CVS because it helps reduce the number of sales clerk they need to hire and in turn, reduces the amount of job openings available and saves CVS a substantial amount of money by not having to fill those positions. Although this increases their efficiency in check-outs, it does not, however, prove to be any more effective than allowing a sales clerk to ring up, because...
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...Approaches to Management & Environments Organizational management can have many approaches. Keeping employees, suppliers and consumers happy can be a complex process. It has been determined that contemporary approaches to management directly relate to an open system and the environments of an organization. Not all contemporary approaches to management relate to every organizational environment directly, but can have an overall impact. Sociotechnical systems theory is a contemporary approach to management that says that the right combination of workers along with their knowledge, training and tools leads to organizational effectiveness in satisfying customers. Quantitative management is another contemporary approach that prioritizes mathematical or statistical analysis as basis for decision making. This approach helps a manager make a decision by developing formal mathematical models including linear programming, queuing theory, simulation, forecasting, inventory modeling, network modeling, and breakeven analysis to resolve a problem (Bateman & Snell, 2013). The organizational behavior contemporary approach studies and identifies management activities that promote employee effectiveness by examining the dynamic nature of individual and group behaviors and interactions along with organizational processes. Systems theory shows that the organization’s performance depends on how effective it is providing goods or services using inputs from the external environment. Systems theory...
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...A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DISPARATE SCHOOLS OF MANAGEMENT Scholars in the field of management, from the late 19th century till modern times, have come up with different perspectives on how to manage people and organizations. These gave rise to what is called ‘Management Schools of Thought’. This study looks at the Classical School of Thought in relation to modern day management, as it pertains to the built environment. Though so many years have passed since the Classical School of Thought was developed, it is widely used in modern day management as the preferred choice by many organizations in the built environment. One major area that arose from the Classical School of Thought is productivity and efficiency in the workplace [http://www.cliffnotes.com/study_guide/topicArticleId-8944,articleId-8851.html]. Managers were so much inclined to assign workers to areas that best fitted their expertise. This was in order to increase their productivity and efficiency in their various responsibilities. A facilities services provider, ISS, uses a system that effectively manages its workers and all facets of a worker’s responsibilities by placing the right people in the right positions, based on their qualifications (BOOTY, 2008). This is also evident in Faceo FM UK, according to its Chief Executive, Chris Kenneally. In his words, “Our focus has been on the sustainability of our customers and putting the right people in the right positions to deliver what the client wants, as evidenced...
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...Strategic Management in Dynamic Environments November 7, 2011 The Social networking industry has grown tremendously within the last few years. Consumers have gained many strategies for communications using the social networking websites. Using the social media in today's society has assisted consumers in many ways. Social networking websites can allow users to advertise, campaign, and even buy things. Many users utilize the social networking sites for searching and communicating with long lost friends, family, or even co-workers. There are a few social networking websites that are more popular than others such as Facebook, My space, Twitter, Craig list, and you tube. There is some significance to all of these, and they all have matured in this previous year. According to Reality Digital states the latest demographic data for the leading social network sites. It states, "The median age of twitter users remained firm at 31 between May 2008 and May 2009, while both my space and Linked IN saw a one year age drop year-over-year from 27 to 26 and 40 to 39, respectively. The most dramatic change was from facebook which shot up to 33 years old from 26 years old in 2008."(Reality digital). Many companies have adjusted very well to the social networking industry. Since features in the social network have veered towards the businesses now, many companies have gained in sales and profits. I think Mr. Brian Solis said it best, some adaptations are: "Return on Engagement, Return...
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