...socio-economic status that who’s residents are predominantly people of color. The link between extreme pollution, toxic waste, lack of proper utilities such as clean water, and exclusion in the decision-making in regard to the use of natural resources and race make up environmental racism. When researching a subject such as this, the primary points to analyze are the origins of the environmental racism, both domestic and international examples, and the intent behind the corporations that poison these specific communities. These points are of particular relevance because they provide context. Next, it shows that environmental racism is a global phenomenon. Lastly, and most importantly, exploring intent will give context to whether the use of the word racism is valid....
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...Environmental Inequality in the United States Introduction Minority and poor populations have been experiencing an unequal amount of exposure to various environmental hazards. The goal of this paper is investigate the situation at hand and provide an explanation to whether this treatment is ethical. Thus, in this paper, I will not only attempt to analyze reasons why these populations experience more pollution than other populations and the types of pollution that they experience, but I will also explore the solutions provided by other researchers on how to solve environmental inequalities. Previous research has been carried out to detect why most, if not all, of the polluting industries, such as power plants and waste facilities, tend to be located in minority and poor neighborhoods (Carter; Morello-Frosch; Pellow and Park; Bullard and Wright). Normally, people that live in low income neighborhoods will experience a disproportionately high amount of pollution compared to those living in high income neighborhoods (Morello-Frosch). Therefore, parks, trees, and outdoor recreational areas tend to be located in wealthy neighborhoods. Consequently, minority and poor neighborhoods tend to have the lowest ratios of parks-to-people (Carter). This means that there is a low amount of park space per 10,000 people. Other research shows that even if we ignore the level of income, minority neighborhoods, such as African American and Hispanic neighborhoods, will still experience higher levels...
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...Poor environmental quality is killing people. Environmental racism is many places today. It effects minorities by polluting the air and gives many health problems to the people in the area. Next where those people are is causing land fill etc. Environmental racism is also when hazardous conditions arise and affects a poor area which can be displayed by the fact that it is detrimental to health, causes pollution and affects the poor. To begin with, the environmental racism is hazardous to health. For example, it has been found that pollution from sources like oil retnies release emissions that include benzene, mercury and other hazardous air pollutions”. Which have been linked to cancer reproductive problems and neurological etteats” (kay and...
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...SOC103 Environmental Racism and Transnational Corporations “All Americans have a basic right to live, work, play, go to school, and worship in a clean and healthy environment” (Bullard, Dixie xiii). Unfortunately, this is not true for all. Afro-American communities in the South and other visible minorities across the globe, live through the harsh realities of environmental racism every day. (Bullard, Racism 3) In Confronting Environmental Racism, Robert D. Bullard defines environmental racism as: Racial discrimination in environmental policymaking. It is racial discrimination in the enforcement of regulations and laws. It is racial discrimination in the deliberate targeting of communities of color for toxic waste disposal and the sitting of polluting industries. It is racial discrimination in the official sanctioning of the life-threatening presence of poisons and pollutants in communities of color. And, it is racial discrimination in the history of excluding people of color from the mainstream environmental groups, decision-making boards, commissions, and regulatory bodies. (3) Environmental justice on the other hand, is a form of environmental equity. It refers to “the equal protection of environmental laws amongst all people, irrespective of their race or social status. (Peluso 389) With very little influence in decision-making from minority groups, policymakers deliberately target these low-income communities of visible minorities. Environmental racism...
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...minorities or poor people when locating their facilities. Instead, they choose sites for some of the same reasons that these same sites are attractive to poor minorities. There has been a large controversy over whether or not the practices of these business constitute racism. The location choices are not intentionally discriminatory, although it may seem that way, so therefore it is not racism. A great deal of factors come into play when a business is looking at where to site ion the most commercially reasonable location. The siting of the Camden St. Lawrence Cement Company's plant in a nonwhite neighborhood in 2001 was not environmentally racist because the siting decisions for large plants such as this one are based on the ability to secure the required permits, sufficient transportation networks, and low land costs. The siting of this plant in 2001 in the Waterfront South...
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...Racism 2 In this current disenchanted world, there is no meaningful order of things or events outside the human domain. When the forests and the farms are no longer considered sacred and the spirits we tempted with food and sacrifice have no mysterious risks associated with the systematic rape of mother Earth. Then a disenchanted nature is no longer alive. The living Earth commands no respect, reverence or love. It is nothing but a giant machine, to be mastered to serve human purposes. The animists(1) took care of this planet on up to the last few hundred years. As man accidentally discovers the beginnings of commerce that opens the doors to an industrial nation, then an industrial world will soon discover industrial waste. Whether the notion that a mountain or a tree is to be regarded as a person is taken literally or not, the attempt to engage with the surrounding world as if it consists of other people might possibly provide the basis for a respectful attitude towards living things. If your disenchantment is over the environmental problems and destruction, then the environmental racism byproduct can be regarded as an attempt to reveal to you that we are part of the world collective and that we are in a sense, the world itself. Environmental racism(2) is one of the biggest problems the world faces today. Issues created by corporate polluters produce trouble in the form of economic, as well as, physical. For some individuals and cultures, it affects them every...
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...environment. This can impact human health by reducing life expectancy and increasing infant mortality rate. For example, climate change can lead to flooding and drought, which can impact agricultural yield. Shortage of food or famine can affect the infant mortality rate. Also, human activities that pollute the environment can lead to chronic and acute disease which can affect life expectancy and infant mortality rate of a given population. Infrastructure can impact life expectancy and infant mortality rate. The presence of good infrastructure may aid healthy lifestyle leading to higher life expectancy and lower infant mortality rate. Hence the absence thereof may affect...
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...Abstract and Annotated Bibliography: Racism in Rare Form Quinta Anderson Liberty University Abstract Racism occurs when there is a prejudice that is targeted towards a specific group or person due to their ethnicity or the color of their skin. Prejudice can be perceived as passing judgment on a person before knowing facts about an individual. If an individual allows prejudiced to consume them then it is known as discrimination. Discrimination can occur any many different forms such as not allowing someone to purchase a home, getting employment, denying them of their education rights, can all be a form of racial discrimination. For many years, there has been a major conflict regarding the African American race as well as immigrants. Although, the civil rights movement is no longer in existence, racism has started to formulate in rare form and hate crimes has been present across the country has arrived. Racism can be seen daily especially in the Southern States. However, when the color of one’s skin is not a main factor, other examples of discrimination can be seen in the form of one’s language, religion, nationality, sex. The reader will be able to explore how racism and multicultural counseling are linked together. Racism in Rare Form What is Racism? Racism and prejudice is a problem that has existed for years and still exist today, but in rare form. Racism has changed from generation to generation and is sometimes hidden. Racism has been said to exist for years...
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...Environmental justice has become one of the biggest movements currently happening throughout the country. It fights to combat the environmental racism imposed by white lawmakers, which targets communities of color, causing them to have worse living conditions than their white counterparts. Examples of these injustices include lawmakers purposely placing landfills next to the homes of black communities at a disproportionately larger amount than any other race. The health effects of this phenomenon cause hundreds of people to suffer complications such as asthma. Many researchers understand the environmental racism plaguing our country and develop their argument using rhetoric to fight the power structure that allowed this injustice in the first place. I believe that this issue continues to...
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...choices. There are several social forces that limit our freedom. The main force, being able to make a difference in your own life. Education has helped me achieve a lot in life. For example, being in school has taught me how difficult it can be living on my own. It is a secure way of ensuring a steady paying job in the future. This has given me insight to inequalities by others not having the same educational opportunities as me. In class we discussed something called the "Myth of Meritocracy". The "Myth of Meritocracy" is the idea that peoples success and failures are a result of "merit"- if you work hard enough you will succeed in whatever you attempt to accomplish. Many Americans have managed to become socially mobile. James Loewen, social mobility is "the movement from one social class to another- becoming more wide-spread in America". This meant that people had a better chance to move upward in society". The stress on upward mobility is...
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...court found illegal. It cited this reasoning because the only proof of discrimination was statistics, in which it attempted to reason as the result of historical and interpersonal reasons. It only deemed affirmative action programs acceptable if it addressed current discrimination only. The court failed to recognize that blacks were being kicked out of their positions as craftsmen and that minority owned companies had harder times meeting requirements of the state, and did not care that their poor performance may have instead been linked to environmental factors that made this inevitable. The...
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...my answer would lean toward immigrated by force. The country where my ancestors originated from was Africa. They were brought to the United States by Europeans to be slaves. This ethnic group faced prejudice, segregation, and racism. African Americans face prejudice because the color of their skin. African Americans also faced segregation into which they were not allowed to vote, sit anywhere on the bus, they had to sit at the back of the bus, they were not allowed to eat inside of restaurants with White people, they were not allowed to use the same restrooms as a White person, or drink from the same water fountain as a White person, nor were African Americans able to attend school with White people. As for racism in the United States African Americans face racism as a form of racial profiling. According to Fredrickson and Siljander (2002) “define racial profiling as an act of enforcement by police officers that are more motivated by racial bias of any reasonable suspicion or probable cause that may exist under the circumstances. It is also referred to as the practice of targeting African Americans for traffic stops because the officer(s) seem to believe that blacks are more likely to engage in some kind of criminal activity”. Another form of racism is school finance, because millions of African American students do not receive equal education as White students would, due to the fact that urban schools do not have the money to fund their schools as White...
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...number of social problems, such as polarization and inequality. To solve the problems resulting from urban sprawl, many international organizations put technology forward as the most efficient and economically feasible approach. This essay will outline how urban sprawl results in these problems and point out the risks of depending on technologies to address environmental issues as well as its limitation to solve the social ones. In many countries in the world, urban sprawl imposes great stress on both of ecological and social well-being. In the first place, urban sprawl causes a lot of environmental problems. One of the burning issues for the international community is global warming. In order to support the running of current transportation, the utilities to warm or cool spacious houses and household appliances in neighborhoods on the outskirts of cities, energy mainly created by fossil fuels becomes greatly demanded, thus giving rise to higher emissions of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, which is considered as one of the arch-criminals causing global warming (Gonzalez, 2005). Besides climate change, other environmental problems, such as loss of forests and farmland, loss of architecture diversity and higher levels of noise, also result from the over expansion of cities. In addition to ecological impacts, urban sprawl arouses quite a few social conundrums like social inequality. For the urban sprawls with the improvement of mobility, in some motorized countries...
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...Racism in America I have always believed that defining the term “race” is often impossible. After all isn’t race just another social invention? Humans cannot be categorized into being anything more specific than humans can they? Nowadays when people bring up race it is usually based on a variety of attributes including skin color, birthplace, religion and a number of others elements. The only issue is do these differences, things that we normally have no impact on, warrant enough evidence to create a taxonomic key that can be used to classify humans. The dictionary definition for race is, “a group of persons related by common decent or heredity.” Over the history of human existence, the human species has migrated and changed social characteristics so many times that we can also comfortably say that our races have changed as well. I have personally lived in five different countries and speak three languages, yet I am somehow classified into a niche that I must somehow fit. Pigeonholing people into races has never served useful to the population because that sense of national pride is forever lost if you cannot feel connected to those around you. Distinction between different people began very early on in human history, however it has carried over and is now this social stigma that we cannot get away from. The earliest views on ethnic differences may arose because of the ancient Egyptians. They tended to classify people based on skin color over other characteristics such...
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...depression as a health issue will be indicated. It was followed by illustrating the social, cultural and environmental determinants of depression. Social Constructionism theory and the concept of stigma are linked together to claim the causes of misconception of depression...
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