...Environmental Studies For Undergraduate Courses Erach Bharucha Textbook for Environmental Studies For Undergraduate Courses of all Branches of Higher Education Erach Bharucha for University Grants Commission Natural Resources i Preliminary Pages.p65 1 4/9/2004, 5:06 PM Credits Principal author and editor – Erach Bharucha Unit 1 – Erach Bharucha Unit 2 – Erach Bharucha, Behafrid Patel Unit 3 – Erach Bharucha Unit 4 – Erach Bharucha Unit 5 – Shamita Kumar Unit 6 – Erach Bharucha, Shalini Nair, Behafrid Patel Unit 7 – Erach Bharucha, Shalini Nair, Behafrid Patel Unit 8 – Erach Bharucha, Shambhvi Joshi Case Studies – Prasanna Kolte Co-ordination and compilation – Behafrid Patel Textbook Design – Narendra Kulkarni (Mudra), Sushma Durve Manuscript review and editing – Chinmaya Dunster, Behafrid Patel Artists – Sushma Durve and Anagha Deshpande CD ROM – Jaya Rai and Prasanna Kolte © Copyright Text – Erach Bharucha/ UGC, 2004. Photographs – Erach Bharucha Drawings – Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment Education and Research All rights reserved. Distributed by University Grants Commission, New Delhi. 2004. ii Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses Preliminary Pages.p65 2 4/9/2004, 5:06 PM Vision The importance of Environmental Studies cannot be disputed. The need for sustainable development is a key to the future of mankind. The degradation of our environment is linked to continuing problems of pollution, loss...
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...THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES by Tehreem Nawaz Literature review The article emphases in a wonderful form of debate, on the basic importance of a discipline “the curricular” and its prerequisite, the curricular of any discipline which should be recognized universally and must have same core topics to be studied round the world. Then Environment Studies would be called discipline. Until 1960s Environmental studies programs in various institutions at different levels had been studied with all the courses of environmental study offered by each educational institution without pre requisite requirement as free-standing programs. Latterly the environmental programs evolved in to desperate fields within forestry and natural resources, to defined environmental studies and the clear statements about its curricular content and educational objectives have remained difficult to describe. For the environmental studies a specific curricular is to be given, has more important and significant. After more than a quarter century old Environment Studies now is in a new phase of growing and expansion, the need for its distinct identity is being more felt. Because of that it is needed to set its curricular with consciences, lest environmental education should not go in some political interests. Present trend is tending to bring environmental studies into a undefined able discipline. ------------------------------------------------- Debate in this article took start from evolution of environmental...
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...Workshop Five Future Development and Sustainability Ayanna Poe PHS 100A Dave Lee Warner Pacific College August 21, 2012 Before taking this class I must say that I was uneducated about a lot of the topics we have covered. I now know more about the conditions of the environment and how our actions do have an impact on the present as well as the future. I never paid attention to my footprints on the environment. I am guilty of being carless and uneducated about the things I do and don’t do that have a direct impact on the environment. Such as eating out almost every night, constantly purchasing new gadgets every time they come out, never buying used clothing etc. Before this class I never gave a second thought to these things. Learning about the clean water act as well as the clean air act was really interesting. I take clean water and air for granted all the time. I am used to going outside and just expecting to breathe clean air as if it’s a right and not a privilege. When I want to brush my teeth or take a shower I don’t think about how my water got clean or where it comes from I just expect it to be there and to be healthy for consumption and use. It amazes me how we take so many of our resources for granted and we just assume that they will always be here for us to use. I couldn’t believe how much resources and energy we use in the United States alone and how much waste we generate. Seeing video of water being so dirty that it catches fire and witnessing...
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...Case Study of the Love Canal Environmental Disaster ENV/410 March 23, 2014 Case Study of the Love Canal Environmental Disaster In May of 1892 a man named William T. Love arrived in Niagara Falls with a long-held dream of building a carefully planned industrial city with convenient access to inexpensive water power and major markets. The plan included the construction of a navigable power canal between the upper and lower Niagara Rivers which would service a massive industrial complex. The transportation of water would be supplied by the lower Niagara River and Lake Ontario. However, due to the country suddenly finding itself in the middle of a full-scale economic depression and the fact that Louis Tesla had just discovered a way to transmit electrical power economically over great distances by means of an alternating current, Love's project was dealt a death blow. His backers deserted him and the whole project fell apart, with the land being sold at public auction in 1910 (Whalen, 1978). In the 1920's the excavation became a chemical and municipal disposal site for several chemical companies and the City of Niagara Falls. Chemicals of unknown kind and quantity were buried at the site up until 1953, after which, the site was covered with earth. Soon, about 100 homes were built, along with an elementary school, on top of this toxic waste dump. The effects of the pit's contents soon began to be felt. Strange odors and substances were reported by residents, especially those...
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...Case Study of the Love Canal Environmental Disaster In May of 1892 a man named William T. Love arrived in Niagara Falls with a long-held dream of building a carefully planned industrial city with convenient access to inexpensive water power and major markets. The plan included the construction of a navigable power canal between the upper and lower Niagara Rivers which would service a massive industrial complex. The transportation of water would be supplied by the lower Niagara River and Lake Ontario. However, due to the country suddenly finding itself in the middle of a full-scale economic depression and the fact that Louis Tesla had just discovered a way to transmit electrical power economically over great distances by means of an alternating current, Love's project was dealt a death blow. His backers deserted him and the whole project fell apart, with the land being sold at public auction in 1910 (Whalen, 1978). In the 1920's the excavation became a chemical and municipal disposal site for several chemical companies and the City of Niagara Falls. Chemicals of unknown kind and quantity were buried at the site up until 1953, after which, the site was covered with earth. Soon, about 100 homes were built, along with an elementary school, on top of this toxic waste dump. The effects of the pit's contents soon began to be felt. Strange odors and substances were reported by residents, especially those with basements. Pieces of phosphorus made their way to the surface and children...
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...Case Study of the Love Canal Environmental Disaster Phillip Voliva ENV/410 March 23, 2014 Alicia Holloway Case Study of the Love Canal Environmental Disaster In May of 1892 a man named William T. Love arrived in Niagara Falls with a long-held dream of building a carefully planned industrial city with convenient access to inexpensive water power and major markets. The plan included the construction of a navigable power canal between the upper and lower Niagara Rivers which would service a massive industrial complex. The transportation of water would be supplied by the lower Niagara River and Lake Ontario. However, due to the country suddenly finding itself in the middle of a full-scale economic depression and the fact that Louis Tesla had just discovered a way to transmit electrical power economically over great distances by means of an alternating current, Love's project was dealt a death blow. His backers deserted him and the whole project fell apart, with the land being sold at public auction in 1910 (Whalen, 1978). In the 1920's the excavation became a chemical and municipal disposal site for several chemical companies and the City of Niagara Falls. Chemicals of unknown kind and quantity were buried at the site up until 1953, after which, the site was covered with earth. Soon, about 100 homes were built, along with an elementary school, on top of this toxic waste dump. The effects of the pit's contents soon began to be felt. Strange odors and substances were reported...
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...are earthworms, caterpillars, butterflies, housefly, dragon flies, ants, cockroach, mosquitoes, grasshopper, ladybug, honeybee and spiders. Grass is eaten by insects which are in turn eaten by birds. This represents a food chain. Plants provide a home for birds and insects provide food for birds. In other words birds are associated with plants and feed on insects - insects feed on plants and are preyed upon by birds. Apart from these two way associations there also exists an intriguing three way association among birds, plants and insects. PLANTS Plants are one of five big groups (kingdoms) of living things. Plants include familiar types such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. The scientific study of plants is known as botany. A plant needs sunlight, carbon dioxide, minerals and water to make food. A green substance in plants called chlorophyll traps the energy from the Sun needed to make food. Chlorophyll is mostly found in leaves. Following are the few most common plants found in our locality: BASIL OR TULSI Basil is a one of the commonly grown garden plants in India due to its religious significance. It is usually planted as saplings and need plenty of water. It cannot stand direct sunlight but likes warm weather. MARIGOLD PLANT Marigold is also a flower that is used in pujas and religious ceremonies. This plant too is...
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...Environmental Studies The simple word “organic” has a lot of meaning behind it. Organic food is food that comes straight from the ground usually by farmed by a famer which takes close look at what he is growing. It also pertains to healthy animals that live their lives without being injected with anything. The farmer does not use any pesticides, chemical fertilizers or GMO’s. The food is 100% organic without any artificial growth aid. This means that al plants and animals that are on the farm are healthy and do not come into any contact with chemicals such as pesticides, hormones, or GMO’s. Organic is all about keeping plants and animals healthy but also the environment we live in healthy. There are many ways to have good soil without chemicals and some ways are composting your food. It is free and very affective. There are a lot of debates whether people should by organic or not. Some are that buying organic is more expenses because you as the consumer have to pay more for the famer that grows it. Another is if organic food has more nutrients and healthy then other foods. According to the Organic valley website, organic food is not only beneficial for people but it makes our animals, soil and planet a whole lot healthier. Organic food blocks away toxins that your body may pick up when you buy food that was processed in factories and grown with pesticides. From first hand experience I have tasted organic food and I have noticed that it is a lot more flavorful then non-organic...
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...MID TERM EXAMINATIONS CMS NALSAR UNIVERSITY OF LAW Subject : Environmental Law and Corporate Management From, Archana sankar Roll No:09 Introduction: Environment plays an complex medium of biotic and abiotic factor that are surrounded by all living being on the earth , among all the living being human being is in leading position that majorly associated with environment. Human life supportive system’s health is maintained by the biosphere with support of all other living creatures. The survival of all the species are highly inter connected and dependent on each other, like plants act as food for other living beings and supportive for to other species by releasing oxygen and many other benefits. Insects and all other tiny living...
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...and Control of Pollution) Act,1981. But this observation of the courts also has been criticized. The Kerala High Court in P.C. Cherian v. State of Kerala explained the nature and scope of Section 133. In this case two rubber industries, situated in industrial area, were using carbon black for carbon mixing process. The excess carbon black usually disseminated into the atmosphere. There was no necessary equipment to prevent such dissemination of carbon black which caused discomfort, injury and nuisance to the people of the nearby area and ‘even prevented them from attending to their advocation as there were six hundred Christian families in the area. When they used to come to attend the church prayers, their clothes soiled as a result of atmospheric pollution. Under these circumstances, the Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Kottayam under Section 133 directed the stoppage of mixing of carbon in both the factories. The petitioner claimed that there was no ground to invoke Section 133 by the Magistrate as the licence was issued under the Panchayat Act and Factories Act, 1948 on satisfying the conditions which included absence of hazard to health. The High Court after examining the whole issue came to the conclusion that dissemination of carbon black in the atmosphere was a public nuisance and a health hazard as it effects the respiratory organs of the people. This all was an outstanding instance of air pollution. It was also causing discomfort to the community of the area. The Court...
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...Environmental Case Study: Sydney Airport ! Introduction ! With Botany Bay on one side and the CBD of Australia’s largest city on the other, Sydney Airport has a full range of environmental issues to monitor and manage. Environmental management at Sydney Airport is conducted in accordance with the Sydney Airport Environment Strategy. Sydney Airport is Australia’s busiest airport, with over 8 million international travelers and 15 million domestic travelers arriving and departing on approximately 290,000 flights annually. This makes Sydney Airport a major source of pollution in Australia today. Sydney Airports environmental Strategy was developed in accordance with the current laws and legislations. It provides the system by which long term and daily environmental management can be planned, implemented and reviewed, in a cycle of continuous improvement. Sydney Airports Environmental Strategy comprises the following main components: Environmental Policy · Planning, including Environmental Aspect and Risk Identification and Assessment, Objectives, Targets and Action Plans · Implementation and Operation, including Environmental Responsibilities, Training and Awareness, Communication, Document and Operational Control, and Emergency Preparedness and Response ! · Checking and Corrective Action, including monitoring, assessment and auditing, and ! · Management Review. ! Overview ! ! · · · · · · · · Environmental Management and Stakeholder Relationships Resource Use...
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...Study on Vehicular Pollution and Environmental Administration Course Name: Legal Aspects of Business Faculty: Prof. Name: Roll: 2014PGPMX Submission Date: 15th July 2015 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Conceptual Discussion & implementation of the existing system 4 2.1 Vehicular pollutants and their health/environmental effects 4 2.2 Vehicular pollutants and climate changes 4 2.3 Vehicular Pollution Control Measures in India 6 2.4 Vehicular Emission Standards 7 2.5 Emission standards for controlling pollution from new vehicles in India 8 2.6 Road map for Vehicular Emission norms for new vehicles 8 2.7 Inspection & Maintenance (I/M) Practice in India 9 2.8 Pollution Under Control (PUC) Certification system 10 2.9 Noise Standards for Vehicles 12 2.10 Improvement in Fuel Quality 13 2.11 Indian Initiative for Alternate Fuels 13 3. Data Analysis and Interpretation 15 3.1 Environment Protection Act, 1986 15 3.2 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 16 3.3 The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 17 3.4 Global Environmental Interaction 19 4. CONCLUSIONS 20 1. Introduction “Nature is the source of all material things: the Maker, the means of making, and the things made. All actions take place in time by the intervening of the forces of Nature; but the man, lost in selfish delusion thinks that he himself is the actor.” (Isha Upanishad) “Environmental conservation is about negotiating the transition from past to future...
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...EDUCATION Case A: McDonald’s Environmental Strategy Susan Svoboda, manager of the University of Michigan Corporate Environmental Management Program (CEMP), prepared this case under the guidance of Stuart Hart, director of CEMP and assistant professor of Corporate Strategy and Organizational Behavior at the U-M School of Business Administration, as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an adminstrative situation. This document may be used by either students or faculty for background information. Introduction Rooted in Ray Kroc’s founding principles of Quality, Service, Cleanliness & Value (Q.S.C.&V.), McDonald’s management has always believed in being a leader in issues that affect their customers. This philosophy is evident in McDonald’s involvement in various community projects regarding education, health care, medical research, and rehabilitation facilities. These activities help the corporation to extend their image beyond fun and entertainment into social responsibility. However, in the late 1980s, McDonald’s began to face criticism for its environmental policies, especially those surrounding polystyrene clamshell containers. In 1987, McDonald’s replaced CFCs, the blowing agent used in clamshell production, with weaker HCFC-22’s after facing public criticism that CFC usage was contributing to ozone depletion. But this change was not enough for many grass-roots environmental groups that, led by the Citizens...
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... | | |Environmental Issues and Ethics | |Week One: Ethical Understanding of Environmental Problems | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives |Compare various schools of thought in environmental ethics. | | | | |Explain how ethics influences our course of action regarding principal environmental | | | | |issues. | | | | |Identify the local impact of environmental issues | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 1 & 2 of Environment. | | | | |Read the Introduction section of Environmental Ethics: An Anthology. | | | |...
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...What Is Environmental Psychology Environmental psychology is a discipline or field of psychology dealing with conservation and health psychologies. There are many theoretical approaches to environmental psychology. Several of these theories also tie into individual psychology as well. Two of the theories that connect both these psychologies are the alderian theory and Barker’s theory of under population. Research is very important to both the theories and environmental psychology as a field. Research and the lack of visible results was one of the reasons this field was born from the conservationist field of psychology. Environmental Psychology Environmental psychology examines the interrelationship between environments and human behavior and in this field the term environment is defined very broadly to include all that is natural on the planet as well as social settings, built environments, learning environments and informational environments (Young, 1999). From the beginning, environmental psychology has included researchers concerned with the health of the environment, and a great deal of research relevant to conservation psychology has been done by environmental psychologists (Clayton & Myers, 2009). Environmental psychologies roots come from late 1960s studies and research of other fields, although its exact origin is somewhat unknown (Clayton & Myers, 2009). There are many theories about this particular field of study – environmental psychology. Theories...
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