...Discuss the assertion that disasters in Africa occur when hazards and vulnerability meet. Disasters are adverse or unfortunate events especially sudden and extraordinary misfortunes or calamities. Inhabitants of sub-Saharan Africa are threatened by natural disasters. This has led to consequences like poverty and disease (World Risk Report 2013). The assertion that disasters in Africa occur when hazards and vulnerability meet is true. Disasters in Africa tend to affect the vulnerable. Natural disasters occurring in African countries undermine the economic survival of poor communities. Many populations in countries throughout the continent have suffered under the impact of such hazards, which have killed thousands and caused injuries to many others. Mainly it is the vulnerable groups of people and their locations that are exposed to risk of these disasters. It is of paramount importance to note that these disasters can be natural or man-made. It is the scope of this paper to deliberate if disasters in Africa really occur when hazards and vulnerability meet or not. Increasing disaster threats not only reflect the onset of events such as earthquakes or floods, but also the changing demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the population. A large, violent tornado, for instance, passing through an open field presents little danger. On the other hand, a relatively weak tornado can pose significant risks to human life and can result in great economic losses in densely populated...
Words: 3436 - Pages: 14
...result of poor health care. Introduction. Africa is a third world continent meaning that all African countries are not yet fully developed and are still in the development stage. The underdevelopment makes Africa a victim of poor health care. Only a few have access to proper adequate healthcare leaving masses with poor healthcare Health conditions in Africa lag behind all other developed Eastern and Western countries and life expectancy is far less than that of developed countries (Health Poverty Action, 2015). Poverty and health worldwide are inextricably linked (Health Poverty Action, 2005). This assignment will be looking at those factors caused by poverty that lead to poor health. Poor sanitary conditions. Poor sanitary conditions in Africa have led to a lot of health problems leading to poor health conditions across the continent. In 2008, approximately sixty two percent of Africans did not have access to improved sanitation facilities such as proper toilets that separate human waste from human contact (WHO, 2008). In the rural parts of Africa, sanitary problems are particularly common especially in drought times when water is unavailable for domestic uses (Ademuluyi and Odugbesan, 2008: 812). Sanitation conditions worsen if clean water supply is low or unavailable. Many African countries suffer from this lack of clean water to use and waste disposal systems. Food shortages. Then there is food shortage in Africa which has left a lot of communities hungry...
Words: 4163 - Pages: 17
...284 I The Johns Hopkins and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Control of communicable diseases 7 This measles 'jab' will help prevent this child from the consequences of measles such as pneumonia, malnutrition, blindness and brain disease. Photo:Marko Kokic,Canadian Red Cross Control of communicable diseases in emergencies Description This chapter gives an overview of common and emerging communicable disease threats among displaced populations because of natural and human-made disasters. General and disease-specific strategies for monitoring, preventing and controlling disease outbreaks are discussed. Learning objectives To review communicable diseases of public health importance; To discuss the basic principles for communicable disease control in emergency and post-conflict situations; To plan a communicable disease control programme for emergency settings; To discuss simple but effective ways of preventing outbreaks of communicable diseases; To describe how to manage specific disease outbreaks in emergency settings; To review re-emerging and other diseases that may affect displaced populations; To discuss how to monitor and evaluate communicable disease control programmes. Key competencies Identify communicable diseases of public health importance; Discuss the basic principles for communicable disease control in emergency and post-conflict situations; Discuss how to design and evaluate disease control...
Words: 19028 - Pages: 77
...impediment to attain national poverty levels. This research proposal aim is to establish a relationship between climate change impacts and change in poverty disparity by comparing coastal areas with other regions in Bangladesh over the last 20 years. The study will be based on year-wise comparative data analysis regarding affected areas, damages, development activities, socio-economic variables and poverty levels since 1991 to 2011. This research hypothetically foresees that higher extreme events affect and much damage will be created higher poverty gaps and disparity in coastal areas than the other parts of the country. Keywords: climate change, poverty disparity, coastal areas, Bangladesh. Proposed Supervisor: Dr. Ariana Zeka Lecturer in Epidemiology and Public Health Institute for the Environment, Brunel University Do you wish to conduct your MSc Dissertation on this research project? YES If answering YES above, is your proposed supervisor AWARE that you intend them to supervise you? This research proposal is the preliminary outcome for my final MSc dissertation. Meanwhile, I have discussed with Dr. Ariana Zeka...
Words: 2836 - Pages: 12
...Leptospirosis can be transmitted to humans through cuts and abrasions of the skin, or through the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth with water contaminated with the urine of infected animals. As animals are constantly in our environment, there is a particular danger of getting leptospirosis when flooding occurs, such as following a typhoon or very heavy seasonal rains, because of exposure to contaminated water when wading in floodwaters. • Leptospirosis can occasionally also be transmitted through the drinking of water or ingestion of food contaminated with urine of infected animals, often rats. • Human-to-human transmission occurs only very rarely. Risk Factors Outbreaks of leptospirosis have been reported following natural disasters such as flooding. The risk of infection depends on exposure. Some humans have a high risk of exposure because of their occupation, the environment they live in or their lifestyle. The main occupational groups at risk include: • farm and agricultural workers • pet shop workers • veterinarians • sewer workers • abattoir workers • meat handlers • military personnel • survivors...
Words: 3300 - Pages: 14
...Brianna Cole Mrs. Wicks Literature and Composition, Period 5 November 10, 2014 Ebola: Are We Ready Ebola is the Human races worse nightmare; a fast and indiscriminate killer that so far we cannot stop. The latest outbreak began when a 2-year-old boy fell ill on December 6, 2013 in Guinea. () Since then the virus have spread across Southern Africa and to other countries throughout the world. As of October 24, 2014 Ebola infected a total of 8 countries including; Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Mali, Senegal, Nigeria, Spain, and The United states.() A total of 10141 people from these eight countries has been infected and of these people 4922 have died(See Chart 2 for details).() Of these 10,141 people, 4 of them were Americans. ()...
Words: 2530 - Pages: 11
...Crystal Huesca Professor Wallace ENGL 1302 Composition II November 9, 2015 Infestation in Africa Collie, Asher. "Sole Hope - Offering Hope & Healthier Lives in Uganda, Africa." Sole Hope. N.p., 2014. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. This website was by far the most interesting one that a viewer can come across when researching about the jigger flea. It is a valuable resource that describes how a group of passionate, committed people are putting closed toed shoes on African children, one pair at a time. It all started with an encounter with a YouTube video, a video that touched a young couple so deep that in their hearts they knew that they had to do something to help the children who lived in Uganda. They realized that not only could they help African children live lives free from jiggers, but they could also help African men and women by teaching them a trade, how to make shoes. Young couple and founders of Sole Hope, Asher Collie and her husband Dru Collie, lived an ordinary American life. Dru managed a chain of coffee shops and Asher was building her photography business and taking care of their young children and foster children. Just by online researching and a couple of trips to Africa the couple realized that there was an issue that needed to be dealt with. Together they formed a team that created medical clinics, provided education, and jobs for the people in Uganda. After the expansion of their organization they knew they had to create a web-site that provided...
Words: 3914 - Pages: 16
...about to explode leaving 170 injured and 3 dead, one of who was 8 year old Martin Richard. Whose mother and sister were severely injured in the explosion. (Hosken, 2013) This certainly was a horrible experience for the Richard family and for many others who were there in-between it all when it happened most likely having them develop PTSD. Traumatic experiences such as this one would often leave the people feeling shaken and disturbed and even though there would be numerous individuals with PTSD this essay will focus on the Richard family and how what they have gone through would be a great cause for them developing PTSD. (Train, 2009) This essay will discuss PTSD thoroughly looking at the following aspects. The clinical description, epidemiology, etiology, the diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-IV-TR and lastly the treatment and prognosis will all be discussed in this essay making reference to the Richard family for a clearer understanding of PTSD. 2. Clinical Description A traumatic experience can be described as exposure to an event where someone feels fear, helplessness or horror. (Barlow, 2012) Where victims such as the Richard family may experience some afterward effects of the bombing. First thing that people with PTSD may experience after a traumatic experience is flashbacks. (Barlow, 2012) The victims will reexperience the event through memories and nightmares. These memories and nightmares are usually accompanied by...
Words: 2998 - Pages: 12
...A JOINT STUDY OF THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTE Disaster Risk Management in Asia and the Pacific ISSUES PAPER Disaster Risk Management in Asia and the Pacific Issues Paper April 2013 A Joint Study of the Asian Development Bank and the Asian Development Bank Institute © 2013 Asian Development Bank Institute All rights reserved. Published 2013. Printed in Japan Printed using vegetable oil-based inks on recycled paper; manufactured through a totally chlorine-free process. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Disaster risk management in Asia and the Pacific: issues paper / Asian Development Bank Institute p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Disaster incidence. 2. Vulnerability. 3. Social and economic impacts. I. Asian Development Bank Institute. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), or their Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB and ADBI do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB and ADBI do not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADBI encourages printing or copying...
Words: 8121 - Pages: 33
...next, and as the value of human life is degraded and violence becomes tolerated, the unimaginable becomes more conceivable” (Goodreads, 2013). On April 7, 1994 madness swept through Rwanda as a mass genocide began, the slaughter of thousands of men, women, and children would continue for the next 100 days. The mass killings were only part of the story of what was occurring in Rwanda, thousands of women and young girls were raped and sexually tortured. For those that survived the consequences of the aftermath were significant, in many cases the victims became pregnant and/or had been exposed to the deadly HIV virus. The purpose of this review is to describe the application of concepts, principles, and theories related to crisis, trauma, and disaster with a specific concentration on the female rape survivors in Rwanda. * A Brief History of the Crisis Rwanda is a sovereign state which covers part of Central and East...
Words: 3578 - Pages: 15
...eradicating another (polio). 2. Vaccines currently help prevent more than 2.5 million deaths each year. 3. The impact of child vaccines is magnified when used in conjunction with other health efforts, including with things such as antibiotics, oral rehydration salts, bed nets, and vitamins. 4. New and underutilized vaccines could avert nearly 4 million child deaths under the age of 5 by 2015. 5. Vaccines cause “herd immunity”—if a majority of people in a community have been vaccinated against a disease, an unvaccinated person is less likely to get sick because others are less likely to get sick from and spread that disease. 6. Vaccines helped reduce measles deaths globally by 78% between 2000 and 2008; in sub-Saharan Africa, deaths dropped by 92% in the same period. 7. Vaccines exist that could stop rotavirus and pneumonia, two problems that kill nearly 3 million children under 5 each year. 8. New or improved vaccines are currently being developed for HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and neglected tropical diseases. Researchers estimate that a viable malaria vaccine could be ready for children in the developing world as early as 2015. 9. Not all vaccines are given as shots; vaccines for rotavirus and polio, for instance, are given orally. 10. The GAVI Alliance has supported the immunization of more than 288 million children and as a result averted more than 5 million child deaths since 2000. 11. Thanks to vaccines, most diseases prevented...
Words: 4521 - Pages: 19
...label” usage of drugs or products discussed in this course. Acknowledgements RN.com acknowledges the valuable contributions of… Material protected by Copyright …The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (www.cdc.gov), the key government agency responsible for disseminating knowledge about various biological agents. …U.S. Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRRID). USAMRRID spearheads efforts to protect service members from biological threats. Its efforts are well known and utilized by the civilian population. USAMRRID is located at Fort Detrick, Maryland. …Nadine Salmon, RN, BSN, IBCLC is the Clinical content Specialist for RN.com. Nadine earned her BSN from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. She worked as a...
Words: 6008 - Pages: 25
...Human Development Report 2014 Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience Empowered lives. Resilient nations. The 2014 Human Development Report is the latest in the series of global Human Development Reports published by UNDP since 1990 as independent, empirically grounded analyses of major development issues, trends and policies. Additional resources related to the 2014 Human Development Report can be found online at http://hdr.undp.org, including complete editions or summaries of the Report in more than 20 languages, a collection of papers commissioned for the 2014 Report, interactive maps and databases of national human development indicators, full explanations of the sources and methodologies employed in the Report’s human development indices, country profiles and other background materials as well as previous global, regional and national Human Development Reports. Human Development Report 2014 Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience Empowered lives. Resilient nations. Published for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Reports 1990–2014 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007/2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 Concept and Measurement of Human Development Financing Human Development Global Dimensions of Human Development People’s Participation New Dimensions of Human Security Gender and Human Development Economic...
Words: 191797 - Pages: 768
...Tsunami Evaluation Coalition (TEC) The International Community’s Funding of the Tsunami Emergency and Relief NGO Funding Denmark Rie Andersen Marina Buch Kristensen June 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .......................................................................... II DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................. III INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 METHODOLOGY ...............................................................................................................3 Limitations with respect to definitions and formats...................................................... 3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF NGO CONTEXT IN DENMARK ............................................4 Selection of NGOs ...................................................................................................................... 5 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF BUDGET SOURCES AND ALLOCATIONS ................................6 Allocation Sectors ....................................................................................................................... 7 Allocation Country....................................................................................................................... 8 Disbursements.......................................................................
Words: 8775 - Pages: 36
...Cognition across the Lifespan Week 7 Ageing Age is determined by the number of years or this is our Chronological Age, however if we want to know about what an individual is like, this is not a very reliable measure. This is because people of the same chronological age vary in their physical and mental state. People also tend to judge others by their Social Age. Or social behaviors that are acceptable at a certain chronological age. Therefore we do not expect grandparents to play on skateboards than we expect teenagers to walk around with sticks. So when does old age technically begin?? There is no proper age wherein a person just turns old in one day, but modern gerontologists suggests that it usually starts between the ages of 60-65. That’s when in majority of people there are significant if not dramatic changes in mental and physical functioning. Again it is important to stress that 1. There is no single point at which a person automatically becomes old and 2. Chronological age is in any case an essentially arbitrary measure. Ageing and Stereotypes The term “ageism” was coined by Robert Butler, M.D., in 1968. Dr. Butler is a geriatrician who saw that society had developed myths, stereotypes and misunderstandings about people as they age. Graham Mulley in 2006 stated that the negative images of ageing (both historical and contemporary) have resulted in misconceptions which have influenced how we think, speak and behave. Evolution of these stereotypes according to Mulley: ...
Words: 6050 - Pages: 25
