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Epigrams in Ancient Greece

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Submitted By ilerda
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Cultura clásica occidental e Historia antigua

El epigrama griego ha sufrido un proceso de cambio en cuanto a forma, tema y función a lo largo de las distintas etapas en las que ha estado presente, desde el siglo VIII a.C. hasta la Grecia helenística. Y son estos diferentes caminos que toma su uso los que hacen tan difícil discernir su función en casos que carecen de pistas significativas que indiquen su grado de ficción; la existencia de un soporte físico o una estela, el período en el que fue escrito, los temas tratados, la extensión y la forma, la inclusión de nombres propios y su estudio onomástico… Todos ellos son indicios que facilitan la inferencia de conclusiones respecto a la naturaleza del epigrama, que puede ser tanto práctica, con un sentido estrictamente funerario, como literaria.
Ante un epigrama funerario que cuenta con un soporte físico (una estela, un altar o cualquier tipo de monumento fúnebre), hemos de entender ambas partes, inscripción y túmulo, como un todo. A la hora de realizar el análisis no es riguroso privar al epigrama de su imagen, o viceversa.
Ahora bien, si no disponemos de una imagen que limite el epigrama a una función estrictamente conmemorativa, habremos de focalizar nuestro análisis en el texto (pues tampoco contamos con ningún otro apoyo) para apreciar el ámbito en que se enmarca dicho epigrama. Podemos tomar como ejemplo de caso de dudosa naturaleza funeraria el epigrama adjunto IX 1-6:
Todas las cosas de Nicomache, sus adornos y las conversaciones sobre las conversaciones de Safo hasta el despuntar del alba la Moira vino y se ha llevado antes de tiempo. Y a la desgraciada muchacha por todos lados lamentó la ciudad de los Argivos, el retoño alimentado por el brazo de Hera. Ah! entonces quedaron helados los lechos de los pretendientes que la cortejaban.
No sabemos ni el nombre de la joven argiva fallecida ni el de su

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