...their meaning, definitions, examples and appropriate circumstances in which to use them. 1. Describe the meaning and function of each term. 1. Idiom is a language, dialect or speaking style peculiar to a people. 2. Analogy is a similarity between two like subjects on which a comparison can be based. 3. Metaphor is a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to which is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance. 4. Simile is a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicably compared. 5. Cliché is a sentence or phrase usually expressing a popular or common thought or idea which has lost its originality, ingenuity, and impact by long overuse. 6. Amphiboly is ambiguity of speech, especially from uncertainty of the grammatical construction rather than the meaning of the word. 7. "Flame word" is a word used or tone used to insult someone. 8. Hyperbole is a figure of speech not intended to be taken literally. 9. Euphemism is the substitution of a mild, indirect or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh or blunt. 10. Colloquialism is a style or usage in a conversation (dictionaryreference.com, 2012). 2. Provide an example for each term. 1. Idiom - He went to the house on that play. 2. Analogy - He maybe a man but he is behaving like a two year old. 3. Metaphor - Cat eye can describe how one has excellent eyesight. 4. Simile - He is as hard as a rock. 5. Cliché - Haste makes waste. 6....
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...Sylvia Plath’s Mirror: A Reflection Misty Williams ENG125 Introduction to Literature Instructor Stephen Rogers July 22, 2013 I was drawn to Sylvia Plath’s poem Mirror because of her use of figurative language. I am also drawn to her dark style of writing. Personification, symbolism and metaphors used were key elements in attracting my attention. The personification of the mirror gives the point of view of an impartial bystander observing a woman as she struggles with her changing image and self-esteem. The simile is used to show a woman who is unable to accept who she really is. The use of metaphor explains how something as small as a mirror can have much control over how we view ourselves. Personification occurs when inanimate objects, animals or ideas are assigned human characteristics. In the first four lines the mirror is given human traits with the use of the word “I”, “Whatever I see, I swallow…” gives the ability to see and swallow, and “I am not cruel, only truthful” gives the mirror a sense of truth and honesty. (As cited by Clugston, 2010, 12.2) The use of personification brings into effect past, present and future. This different perspective allowed me to “see” what the mirror sees and not get involved in the emotions of the woman and how she views herself. The mirror and reflection are metaphors representing the exact truth. The mirror is "unmisted" by prejudice human "preconceptions" and reveals "only" the "truthful" viewpoints...
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...Idioms Idioms are those terms in the figurative language in which the words, phrases and expressions are either grammatically unique or have meaning that can be literally understood by the individual. For example, an idiom: ‘after John had broken the window, he decided to face the music and tell his mother. ‘ Meaning: to accept the unpleasant consequences of one's actions With the help of an idiom, it becomes very easy for a person to narrate their native-language but if the person is using the language of other culture, sometimes it becomes an entirely unapproachable thing. Analogy If in the figurative language in order to highlight some point of similarity, the author does comparison between two different things. This style of speech is known as analogy. They are used to give a brief and to the point-developed form of the topic. An analogy: Puppy: Dog: Kitten: Cat Meaning: It means a puppy is a small do likewise kitten is a small cat. Metaphor Metaphor is referred as figure of speech which has any phrase or words applied to an object which is not literally...
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...Fallacy Exercises, part 3 I. Identify the fallacies committed by the following arguments, giving a brief explanation for your answer. If no fallacy is committed, write "no fallacy." NOTE: If an argument is followed by “IGNORE” it is an eample that we didn’t cover and you are not responsible for it. 1. Either we require forced sterilization of Third World peoples or world popula¬tion will explode and all of us will die. We certainly don't want to die, so we must require forced sterilization. False Dichotomy. These aren’t the only two possibilities. People could control the population by other means. 2. James said that he saw a picture of a beautiful girl stashed in Stephen's locker. We can only conclude that Stephen has broken the rules, because girls are not allowed in the locker room. Accident – the rule applies to real girls, not pictures of girls. 3. Why is it so difficult for you to reach a decision? Complex Question. The thing being assumed is that it is difficult for the person to reach a decision. 4. People who lack humility have no sense of beauty because everyone who has a sense of beauty also has humility. Circular argument. The conclusion says nothing different than the premise. 5. Butane is combustible. Therefore, it burns. Circular argument. “Combustible” means “burns”. 6. Honey, this postcard just arrived, and it says we have won a free airline trip. All we have to do is call the toll-free number to claim it. If we call the number, we can...
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...ROGER B RUEDA WRITING CLASS 10 Kinds of Rhetorical Modes (1) Description Descriptive writing calls for close attention to details. Whether your subject is as small as a strawberry or as large as a football stadium, you should begin by observing your subject closely and deciding which details are most significant. Topic Suggestions: a basketball, baseball glove, or tennis racket a bowl of fruit a character from a book, film, or television programme a child's secret hiding place a city bus or subway train a closet a favourite restaurant a fridge or washing machine a Halloween costume a hospital emergency room a laptop computer a locker a mobile phone a painting a particular friend or family member a pet a photograph a pizza a rest room in a service station a small town cemetery a storefront window a street that leads to your home or school a treasured belonging a vase of flowers a waiting room a work table an accident scene an art exhibit an ideal apartment an inspiring view an item left too long in your refrigerator an unusual room backstage during a play or a concert the inside of a spaceship the scene at a concert or athletic event your dream house your favourite food your ideal roommate your memory of a place that you visited as a child your old neighbourhood (2) Narration At least one of the topics below may remind you of a particular incident that you can relate in a clearly organised narrative essay. a brush with...
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...http://www.warpoetry.co.uk/Afghanistan_War_Poetry.html Bad Dreams When you send a lad away To a foreign hot land To fight in a war he doesn’t understand When he comes back He brings more than just a tan He’s probably not ok He’s probably not all right He’s probably in a dark place Whether it’s day or night Governments and Media With their pack of lies Will never tell the truth But try to convince you otherwise It feels like my eyes Have been stretched wide open Now and then I have trouble coping Images of memories Imprinted on my mind The boy they knew before Is what they’ll never find Alex Cockerill, 2010 The central meaning behind this poem is that a soldier is trying to describe that what he’s seen and experienced in war has changed him, battered him. It explains in the poem with the third and forth stanza; “Governments and Media, With their pack of lies. Will never tell the truth, But try to convince you otherwise. It feels like my eyes, Have been stretched wide open. Now and then, I have trouble coping.” about how he’s having trouble dealing with what he’s had to do. He feels that what his beliefs were when he first began, were misguided and not wholly truthful. Mr. Cockerill used forms of irony and metaphors to explain his thoughts. He described being in the dark, whether it was day or night, an ironic statement showing how alone he feels. He explains that he feels that his eyes have been stretched open wide open; an example of a...
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...literally or figuratively. In literal language we say or write exactly what we mean while in figurative language our meaning is less obvious. In the following pages we will look at some of the figurative language adopted by the English language. For each term I will give the definition, followed by an example. I will then describe an appropriate circumstance for using the example and when it might lead to misunderstanding. Idiom: The language peculiar to a people or to a district, community, or class. Don’t give up your day job. This idiom is commonly used to describe someone who believes they are very good at something and could make a living doing just that when in fact in the eyes of others they are really actually no good. Analogy: The inference that if two or more things agree with one another in some respects. They will probably agree in others. During election times we can hear candidates saying things like, Bill Clinton, Rhode Scholar is to genius as Mitt Romney is to ignorance. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something important in common. The weather was so heavy on Saturday, it was raining cats and dogs, is an example of a metaphor. We use this metaphor to explain that it was raining heavily. We do not mean that cats and dogs were falling out of the sky. Simile: A simile is a figure of speech where two unlike things are compared, generally by using the word like or...
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...laws. The attitude towards the subject, child labor laws, is a sense of seriousness. The attitude displa the audience is a cry for help, or desperation. Kelley used a very serious tone, so the audience uld really understand the urgentness of this issue. This diction, that proves her seriousness, is displayed throughout the essay but particularly in stages twenty-three through fifty-five. The intended audience, as stated in the excerpt before Kelley’s speech, is people at the convention of National American Women Suffrage Association. The feeling evoked by this speech is utmost sympathy for the children who are part of child labor. Florence Kelley uses rhetorical strategies to further her argument, including: irony, tricolons, anaphora, and analogy. Florence Kelley uses irony...
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...Figurative language contains words that are descriptive whereas literal words are expressed so that someone ones exactly what is meant. Below I will describe a few figurative words followed by an example. Idiom An idiom is a word or phrase that is not taken literally, like “bought the farm” has nothing to do with purchasing real estate, but refers to dying (examples.yourdictionary.com). Another example would be “high as a kite” which would mean you are drunk or on drugs. Someone who isn’t familiar with this phrase could interpret it to mean someone or something is up in the air. Analogy Analogy is defined as either a metaphor (different) or a simile (same). It’s the similarity or comparability of two things. An example of an analogy is “She is as quiet as a church mouse” the reference to the mouse being unheard is the similarity to her being quite. Metaphor Metaphors are an analogy where two unlike things are compared but have something in common. It sounds like you are stating a fact, but you have to think about it for it to make sense. An example of a metaphor would be you are the wind beneath my wings” you are not saying that a person can actually be wind. Instead, you are referring to the support you get from that person (examples.yourdictionary.com). Simile Simile is an expression that compares two things and explicitly contains either “like” or “as” to highlight the likeness. An example would be “clean as a whistle” which is used to describe someone that...
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...Journal of Philosophy, Inc. Conceptual Metaphor in Everyday Language Author(s): George Lakoff and Mark Johnson Source: The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 77, No. 8 (Aug., 1980), pp. 453-486 Published by: Journal of Philosophy, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2025464 Accessed: 23/01/2009 17:46 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=jphil. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Journal of Philosophy, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR...
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...In this poem Marge Piercy s speaker evokes a concrete vision of a woman who has lost her personal identity to her job. Her bold and descriptive use of metaphors allow the reader to envision a woman who is living her life vicariously through her career. Ms. Piercy successfully uses paradox, personification, and the pun to bring the character alive. With the use of metaphors, both implied and explicit, the reader can deeply empathize with the central character of this poem. From the first line of the poem the tone is set for the reader. It is not so vague as to use a simple simile, but a strong manifestation of the idea of the speaker as an actual personification of a material object. She does not say My hips are like a desk , she says My hips are a desk (line 1). Throughout the rest of the poem, personification of the woman as nothing more than a piece of office equipment is expressed with striking realism. In the first six lines of the poem the speaker describes herself in salient detail. Each of her body parts are placed with an obvious piece of office equipment. This allows the reader to form a solid picture of a woman sitting at her desk performing the daily drudgery of a secretary. She does not see herself as a real woman but a woman whose hair is rubber bands (3), whose breasts are wells of mimeograph ink , (5) and whose feet bear casters (6). The secretary is so entrenched in her job that she describes her head as a badly organized file (8). To furthur describe...
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...TPS-FASTT: A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning Title In other words, the title means, “If we’re apart, there is to be no mourning”. The word, “valediction” means an act of leaving or farewell, so when one is leaving or becoming farther apart from this other person, to mourn is not allowed. The poem could be referring to someone missing a loved one or partner because they are not physically next to each other and he wants to reassure the partner to not worry and miss him or her. This could also suggest to focus on other important subjects instead of mourning him or her for the whole time he or she is gone. Paraphrase In stanza one, the poet is stating that men who have done good deeds in their lives pass away peacefully without complaining while their sad friends debate whether if the person will die now or will live for a little longer. In stanza two, Donne is saying to let their love “melt” and not whine, just like the men mentioned before. He wants no crying and sobbing, or it will mean that our love will be abused or a lie. In stanza three, the poet describes how an earthquake invokes fear while the involuntary trembles of spheres do not because it is done without one’s conscious knowledge. In stanza four, Donne is saying that they both cannot accept the absence of each other’s partner or their love will be dull. In stanza five, he is saying that their love is so sophisticated and important that they don’t need their physical body next to each other in order to...
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...“Harlem” * Of the six images, five are similes. Which is a metaphor? Comment on its position and its effectiveness. “Or crust and sugar over-“ The metaphor helps create the shift in the poen and also gives a deeper meaning of what the poet is trying to say with greater impact. * What specific denotation has the word “dream”? Since the poem does not reveal the contents of the dreams, the poem is general in its implication. What happens to your understanding of it on learning that its author was a black American? The specific meaning of “dream” is to be in pursuit of something, or a goal on e wants to accomplish. The understanding of the poem reveal some struggles and hopelessness because as a black American in the early 1900s it was difficult to do anything or even aspire to dreams. “The author to Her Book” * Vocabulary: haiting, feet, meet, vulgars. Line 3-4 refer to the fact that Bradstreet’s book The Tenth Muse was published in 1650 without her permission. * Haiting : feet or impoerfect * Meet: to become aquainted with * Feet : standing position * Vulgars: ignorance of or lack of good breeding or taste, crude * The poem is an extended personification addressing her book as a child. What are similarities does the speaker find between a child and a book of poem? What does she plan to do now that her child has ben put on public display? “ill-formed offspring” tells that something was wrong with the baby, but in different...
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...to debate in an academic setting. In my opinion, this article is perfect for the incoming freshmen students that do not know how to argue efficiently. It shows how to write, read, research, structure, and overall make better an argument. But I feel like there is nothing that can help a more experienced student. The article does not introduce anything new with how to argue a point. It is very basic and therefore, useless to those experienced students looking for new ways to debate a certain point. After hearing Greene’s description of research writing, the task seems clearer, and useful in my mind. A research writing is so much more than jotting down reasons and facts about that subject. He presents it in a wider perspective and the analogy Kenneth Burke makes of “the parlor” pretty much sums it up. Research writing more like a conversation between the writer and those that came argued before him, those that currently argue, and those that will argue in the future. It is just like Kenneth Burke so articulately sets it by entering “the parlor” of “heated...
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...501 CHALLENGING LOGIC AND REASONING PROBLEMS 501 CHALLENGING LOGIC AND REASONING PROBLEMS 2nd Edition ® NEW YORK Copyright © 2005 LearningExpress, LLC. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: 501 challenging logic & reasoning problems. p. cm.—(LearningExpress skill builders practice) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-57685-534-1 1. Logic—Problems, exercises, etc. 2. Reasoning—Problems, exercises, etc. 3. Critical thinking—Problems, exercises, etc. I. LearningExpress (Organization) II. Title: 501 challenging logic and reasoning problems. III. Series. BC108.A15 2006 160'.76—dc22 2005057953 Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Second Edition ISBN 1-57685-534-1 For information or to place an order, contact LearningExpress at: 55 Broadway 8th Floor New York, NY 10006 Or visit us at: www.learnatest.com Contents INTRODUCTION QUESTIONS ANSWERS vii 1 99 v Introduction his book—which can be used alone, with other logic and reasoning texts of your choice, or in combination with LearningExpress’s Reasoning Skills Success in 20 Minutes a Day—will give you practice dealing with the types of multiple-choice questions that appear on standardized tests assessing logic, reasoning, judgment, and critical thinking. It is designed to be used by individuals working on their...
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