...The Case of Value Based Communication—Epistemological and Methodological Reflections from a System Theoretical Perspective Victoria von Groddeck Key words: Abstract: The aim of this paper is to reflect the epistemological and methodological aspects of an communication empirical research study which analyzes the phenomenon of increased value communication within theory; form business organizations from a system theoretical perspective in the tradition of Niklas LUHMANN. analysis; Drawing on the theoretical term of observation it shows how a research perspective can be functional developed which opens up the scope for an empirical analysis of communication practices. This analysis; Niklas analysis focuses on the reconstruction of these practices by first understanding how these practices Luhmann; stabilize themselves and second by contrasting different practices to educe an understanding of organization different forms of observation of the relevant phenomenon and of the functions of these forms. studies; George Thus, this approach combines system theoretical epistemology, analytical research strategies, such Spencer-Brown; as form and functional analysis, and qualitative research methods, such as narrative interviews, system theory; participant observation and document analysis. value communication Table of Contents 1. System Theory and Empirical Research: Epistemological Preposition 2. The Context and Research...
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...Bryant-45099 Part I.qxd 10/18/2006 7:42 PM Page 36 5 FEMINIST METHODOLOGIES AND EPISTEMOLOGY ANDREA DOUCET Carleton University, Canada NATASHA S. MAUTHNER University of Aberdeen, Scotland O ver the past 10 years of teaching courses on research methods and feminist approaches to methodologies and epistemologies, a recurring question from our students concerns the distinctiveness of feminist approaches to methods, methodologies, and epistemologies. This key question is posed in different ways: Is there a specifically feminist method? Are there feminist methodologies and epistemologies, or simply feminist approaches to these? Given diversity and debates in feminist theory, how can there be a consensus on what constitutes “feminist” methodologies and epistemologies? Answers to these questions are far from straightforward given the continually evolving nature of feminist reflections on the methodological and epistemological dimensions and dilemmas of research. This chapter on feminist methodologies and epistemologies attempts to address these questions by tracing historical developments in this area, by considering what may be unique about feminist epistemologies and feminist methodologies, by reviewing some of sociology’s key contributions to this area of scholarship and by highlighting some key emergent trends. The chapter begins with a brief overview of the theoretical and historical development of feminist epistemologies, followed by a similar overview...
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...Name Instructor Course Date Summary The article to be summarized is titled From Data to Theory: Elements of Methodology in Empirical Phenomenological Research in Practical Theology1 it is authored by Hans-Günter Heimbrock. He indicates that practical theologians have initiated investigations and scientific researches that are associated with faith and religion. These theological studies have been made possible with the increase social science methods, which are being applied by the researchers to indicate the theological knowledge that can be used in social dynamics, contexts and conditions related to the religious life. Pastoral works have these studies to thank as they help them in conducting their works effectively. Heimbrock also instigates that the there has been a growing interest for theological studies ever since the introduction of the scientific methodology in theological work. The methodologies have increased the criteria and the standards of theological studies that can be used in the empirical research. The aspect of religion can be understood through the implication of religious research that is being increased through the means of social scientific instruments. Different aspects on religious studies and scientific methods can be applied in these studies. However, this paper will scrutinize some of the methodologies that can be applied in understanding the empirical side of religion through the stimulation of the correct standards of discussions and researches...
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...International Journal of Arts and Sciences 3(15): 238-254 (2010) CD-ROM. ISSN: 1944-6934 © InternationalJournal.org Filipino Philosophy and Post-Modernity Raymundo R. Pavo, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Philippines Abstract: Post-Modernity, with its stress on freedom and creativity, is a vantage point that can dispose Filipino thinkers to philosophically formulate, construct and develop thought systems. This liberating milieu can be reckoned as a fertile occasion where Filipinos can explore the conditions of possibilities that grant a philosophical status to thoughts, statements or constructions that either come from or pertain to the Filipino mind. Such that when we use the concept Filipino Philosophy, we are well-conscious of these two interrelated points – The Identity and Referential Nature of the concept Filipino, and the connotation/intension of the term Philosophy. Is it Filipino? Is it philosophical? These are the questions that have guided the ruminations in this philosophical treatise. And as an initial insight to such questions, we propose a kind of vantage point that can address the identity and referential nature of the term Filipino in a Filipino Philosophy and the philosophical substance of its claim. This perspective, we shall argue, may be construed by a social-scientist-philosopher. As a social scientist, this thinker is mindful of the descriptions or characteristics that may be regarded as telling of the Filipino milieu. As a philosopher, this...
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... Terence Love Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Australia Social, environmental and ethical factors in engineering design theory: a post-positivist approach Terence Love B.A. (Hons) Engineering This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering 1998 Abstract This research investigated how social, environmental and ethical factors can be better included in theories of engineering design. The research focused on designing as an essentially human activity via consideration of the epistemological and ontological issues involved in constructing coherent design theory. The research investigations led to a clearer understanding of the roles of ontology, epistemology and methodology in design research and this clarification enabled the construction of a post-positivist approach to engineering design theory that better includes social, environmental and ethical factors alongside the existing products of scientific engineering design research. Other contributions to knowledge that emerged from the research process and which underpin the conclusions include; clarification of the terminology and basic concepts of design research and engineering design research, historical reviews of ways that the terms ‘design’ and ‘design process’...
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... Terence Love Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western Australia Social, environmental and ethical factors in engineering design theory: a post-positivist approach Terence Love B.A. (Hons) Engineering This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering 1998 Abstract This research investigated how social, environmental and ethical factors can be better included in theories of engineering design. The research focused on designing as an essentially human activity via consideration of the epistemological and ontological issues involved in constructing coherent design theory. The research investigations led to a clearer understanding of the roles of ontology, epistemology and methodology in design research and this clarification enabled the construction of a post-positivist approach to engineering design theory that better includes social, environmental and ethical factors alongside the existing products of scientific engineering design research. Other contributions to knowledge that emerged from the research process and which underpin the conclusions include; clarification of the terminology and basic concepts of design research and engineering design research, historical reviews of ways that the terms ‘design’ and ‘design process’...
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...mingers@kent.ac.uk Received: 24 July 2007 Accepted: 15 October 2007 Abstract This paper addresses the issue of truth and knowledge in management generally and knowledge management in particular. Based on ideas from critical realism and critical theory, it argues against the monovalent conceptualization of knowledge implicitly or explicitly held by many authors and aims instead to develop a characterization that recognizes the rich and varied ways in which human beings may be said ‘to know’. It points out and conceptualizes a fundamental dimension of knowledge that is generally ignored or cursorily treated within the literature, that is, ‘truth’. It identifies four forms of knowledge – propositional, experiential, performative and epistemological – and explores their characteristics, especially in terms of truth and validity. It points out some implications for knowledge management. Knowledge Management Research & Practice (2008) 6, 62–76. doi:10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500161 Keywords: knowledge management; knowledge; information; critical realism; critical theory; truth Introduction Although knowledge management (KM) has established itself as a bona fide subject both in practice (Grover & Davenport, 2001) and in the academic world (Schultze & Leidner, 2002), there has been, and remains, considerable debate about the fundamental concepts of ‘knowledge’, ‘information’ and even of ‘data’. In some ways this should not surprise us as the same thing may be said at the level...
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...The Problem of Perception First published Tue Mar 8, 2005; substantive revision Fri Feb 4, 2011 Sense-perception—the awareness or apprehension of things by sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste—has long been a preoccupation of philosophers. One pervasive and traditional problem, sometimes called “the problem of perception”, is created by the phenomena of perceptual illusion and hallucination: if these kinds of error are possible, how can perception be what it intuitively seems to be, a direct and immediate access to reality? The present entry is about how these possibilities of error challenge the intelligibility of the phenomenon of perception, and how the major theories of perception in the last century are best understood as responses to this challenge. • 1. The Problem of Perception o 1.1 Introduction o 1.2 The Argument from Illusion o 1.3 The Argument from Hallucination • 2. The Sources of the Problem o 2.1 The Ordinary Conception of Perceptual Experience 2.1.1 The Objects of Experience 2.1.2 Perceptual Presence 2.1.3 The Transparency of Experience 2.1.4 Vision and the Other Senses o 2.2 Illusion and Hallucination • 3. Theories of Perception o 3.1 The Sense-Datum Theory 3.1.1 Indirect Realism and Phenomenalism 3.1.2 Objections to the Sense-Datum Theory o 3.2 The Adverbial Theory 3.2.1 The Adverbial Theory and Qualia 3.2.2 Objections to the Adverbial Theory o 3.3 The Intentionalist Theory 3.3.1 The Sources of the Intentionalist Theory ...
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...whose first edition was published in 1988. There has been no revision of the book; however, Jackall has added a new chapter titled “Moral Mazes and the Great Recession” to it. His description of the financial crisis brings nothing really new to the fore: it shows that nothing has changed in the aftermath of the convulsions caused by several occurrences of crisis in the financial sector or the business world in the last decade. Managers (of banks, insurance enterprises, of Enron, etc.) play(ed) high-risk games at the cost of the organization; they plunder(ed) the assets of employees and shareholders as well. If they win, they take all the gain; if they lose, they call for the taxpayer’s money because their organizations are too big to fail. They never think about stinting with their bonuses even if the taxpayers have to save the organization they work for because otherwise these same managers would leave it and so dispossess it of their skills and competence which, so they think, are badly needed to set it afloat again. Objective and Targeted Audience Jackall’s detailed sociological study of the managerial world is not written for a particular target group. As Jackall has clarified throughout a recent interview,1 his study is “part of a larger project. This is a long-term examination of the social, institutional, cultural, moral, and epistemological foundations of modern American society (Interview, p. 8).” If one wants to nominate an audience as the target group of the first edition...
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...Language Areas Difficulty of the College of Education Students of the University of San Jose-Recoletos: A Basis for Remedial Instruction _____________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Education University of San Jose-Recoletos _________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor in Secondary Education Major in English By: Albino, Rey Jee Dagunan, Maeflo Fariolen, Amilou Ace Saga, Alyanna Mae S.Y. 2014-2015 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Rationale It is unquestionably that language plays a very important part in people’s learning process and of course, it can depict the line between excellence and mediocrity. Indeed, mastery of the field is needed and must be developed. Language, as a general thought has numerous definitions due to the fact that people would likely see things from various viewpoints. However, majority of the characterizations of language appears to be analogous with one another. Among the definitions, language is primarily a mental faculty that allows humans to undertake linguistic behavior: to learn languages and to produce and understand utterances (Haser and Fitch 2003). Furthermore, language is seen as a formal system of signs governed by grammatical rules of combination to communicate meaning (Trask, 2007). This definition stresses that human languages can be described as closed structural systems consisting of rules that relate particular signs to particular...
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...Wollongong, NSW 2522 In previous papers (Gaffikin 2005a, 2005b, 2005c, 2006) the discussion has examined accounting as a science, with attempts to employ a scientific methodology; as a purely technical expression of economic theory, heavily dominated by research in finance; and as part of “law”, albeit law (regulation) heavily influenced by dominant economic and political ideology. That discussion revealed that all these perspectives have suffered from severe shortcomings. Fortunately, there are other perspectives on accounting which may prove more fruitful and some of these will be discussed in this paper. A common element in many of these alternatives approaches is to view accounting as a social science. Social Science A few hundred years ago there were disciplines referred to as natural philosophy and moral...
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...Understanding Student Differences bers into formulas but they don’t know how to think!” And yet, most engineering departments have one or more faculty members Department of Chemical Engineering North Carolina State University who manage to get many of those same students to perform at remarkably high levels, displaying first-rate problem-solving and critREBECCA BRENT ical and creative thinking skills. Skill deficiencies observed in engiEducation Designs, Inc. neering graduates must therefore also be attributable in part to what instructors are doing or failing to do. An implication of these observations is that to reduce enrollABSTRACT ment attrition and improve the thinking and problem-solving skills of engineering graduates, engineering schools should attempt to Students have different levels of motivation, different attitudes improve the quality of their teaching, which in turn requires underabout teaching and learning, and different responses to specific standing the learning needs of today’s engineering students and declassroom environments and instructional practices. The more signing instruction to meet those needs. The problem is that no two thoroughly instructors understand the differences, the better students are alike. They have different backgrounds, strengths and chance they have of meeting the diverse learning needs of all of weaknesses, interests, ambitions, senses of responsibility, levels of their students. Three categories of diversity that have been shown motivation...
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...themselves. hooks acknowledges as much in her introduction, saying that since she wrote each essay separately, a certain degree of overlap exists in the collection. I would perhaps recommend that readers space out the essays rather than attempting to digest them all at once; this will allow readers to digest her thoughts before moving on, and will help them avoid becoming frustrated by these overlaps. hooks states that she intends these essays to be “celebratory” (10), and indeed I found that the experience of reading them was often a joyful one. The degree to which she loves teaching and connects with her students is incredibly inspiring. Teaching to Transgress has earned a permanent place on my bookshelf; I anticipate that I will turn to it often as I begin to teach students and create my own pedagogical style. Intro: Teaching to Transgress bell hooks ushers the reader into her collection of essays with a description of the various pedagogies that informed her own education. First, she presents us with the exciting, enlivened learning environment which she experienced as a young girl in an all-black school. She attributes this excitement at least in part to the fact...
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...What is Love? A Conceptual Analysis of "Love", focusing on the Love Theories of Plato, St. Augustine and Freud Nico Nuyens GRIPh Working Papers No. 0901 This paper can be downloaded without charge from the GRIPh Working Paper Series website: http//www.rug.nl/filosofie/GRIPh/workingpapers What is love? A Conceptual Analysis of “Love”, focusing on the Love Theories of Plato, St. Augustine and Freud CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 1. FORMAL ANALYSIS OF LOVE............................................................................... 3 2. SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF LOVE........................................................................... 6 3. HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF LOVE....................................................................... 9 3.1 ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHY: PLATO ..................................................................... 11 3.2 CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY: SAINT AUGUSTINE............................................................ 18 3.3 MODERN PHILOSOPHY: FREUD ................................................................................. 27 4. COMPARATIVE EVALUATION............................................................................ 37 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................. 40 REFERENCES....................................................................
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...the individual to make both personal and social adjustments. Since the concept of change is inherent in the concept of learning, any change in behavior implies that learning is taking place or has taken place. Learning that occurs during the process of change can be referred to as the learning process . In education, teachers may contemplate the types of learning theory to use with their students. Can teachers distinguish which process is best for their students? What determines the type of learning theory to use? Can the environment determine this or does a teacher’s philosophy determine the theory? These are questions we, as educators, often ponder. Some are answered because everyone learns differently. Can the epistemological lenses through which adult learning be effective for instruction? These are questions I examine in this paper. Learning is a process of making changes in one’s knowledge, skills, values and worldview. Learning takes...
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