...GLOSSARY: actualizing tendency (Rogers) Tendency within all people to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials. adolescence (Erikson) An important psychosocial stage when ego identity should be formed. Adolescence is characterized by puberty and the crisis of identity versus identity confusion. adulthood (Erikson) The stage from about ages 31 to 60 that is characterized by the psychosexual mode of procreativity and the crisis of generativity versus stagnation. aesthetic needs (Maslow) Needs for art, music, beauty, and the like. Although they may be related to the basic conative needs, aesthetic needs are a separate dimension aggression (Adler) Safeguarding tendencies that may include depreciation or accusation of others as well as self-accusation, all designed to protect exaggerated feelings of personal superiority by striking out against other people. anxiety A felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by the physical sensation of uneasiness anxiety (Rogers) Feelings of uneasiness or tension with an unknown cause. basic anxiety (Maslow) Anxiety arising from inability to satisfy physiological and safety needs. care (Erikson) A commitment to take care of the people and things that one has learned to care for. client-centered therapy Approach to psychotherapy originated by Rogers, which is based on respect for the person’s capacity to grow within a nurturing climate. cognitive needs (Maslow) Needs for knowledge and understanding; related...
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...Literature 1 Effects of Broken Family to the Adolescent In this regard, Sherman (1983) conducted a comprehensive review of the early literature on the psychosocial correlates of adolescent substance abuse. He concluded that: The majority of research studies supported the traditional view of the adolescent substance abuser as rebellious, lacking in self-esteem, having a low sense of psychological well-being, poor academic performance, low religiosity, a broken family, anxiety, alienation, and maladjustment. (p. 134) This section of the presented review of the literature indicated that there is a clear and direct correlation between adolescent substance abuse and parental divorce with the likelihood being that parental divorce is, at least to some extent, a causative factor in both use and abuse of drugs and alcohol among teens. The next question that needs to be asked regarding these findings is: What are the types and kinds of treatment being given to these youngsters and how effective are these interventions? In an effort to answer this question, the next section of the presented review examines studies related to the treatment of adolescent substance abusers from divorced families. The treatments that have been implemented with adolescent substance abusers are varied. According to Jenson, Howard and Jaffe (1995), the most common of these are: social skills training, family therapy, case management systems, most of which utilize posttreatment support groups to maintain abstinence...
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...|There are many ways to get information. The most common research methods are: literature searches, talking with people, focus groups, personal interviews, | |telephone surveys, mail surveys, email surveys, and internet surveys. | |A literature search involves reviewing all readily available materials. These materials can include internal company information, relevant trade | |publications, newspapers, magazines, annual reports, company literature, on-line data bases, and any other published materials. It is a very inexpensive | |method of gathering information, although it often does not yield timely information. Literature searches over the web are the fastest, while library | |literature searches can take between one and eight weeks. | |Talking with people is a good way to get information during the initial stages of a research project. It can be used to gather information that is not | |publicly available, or that is too new to be found in the literature. Examples might include meetings with prospects, customers, suppliers, and other types | |of business conversations at trade shows, seminars, and association meetings. Although often valuable, the information has questionable validity because it | |is highly subjective and might not be representative of the...
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...GROUP INTERACTION JOURNAL ARTICLES Compiled by Lawrence R. Frey University of Colorado at Boulder Aamodt, M. G., & Kimbrough, W. W. (1982). Effects of group heterogeneity on quality of task solutions. Psychological Review, 50, 171-174. Abbey, D. S. (1982). Conflict in unstructured groups: An explanation from control-theory. Psychological Reports, 51, 177-178. Abele, A. E. (2003). The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits: Findings from a prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 768-776. Abele, A., Gendolla, G. H. E., & Petzold, P. (1998). Positive mood and in-group—out-group differentiation in a minimal group setting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1343-1357. Aberson, C. L., Healy, M., & Romero, V. (2000). Ingroup bias and self-esteem: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 157-173. Abougendia, M., Joyce, A. S., Piper, W. E., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2004). Alliance as a mediator of expectancy effects in short-term group psychotherapy. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 8, 3-12. Abraham, A. (1973a). Group tensions as measured by configurations of different self and transself aspects. Group Process, 5, 71-89. Abraham, A. (1973b). A model for exploring intra and interindividual processes in groups. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 23, 3-22. Abraham, A. (1974-1975). Processes in groups. Bulletin de Psychogie, 28, 746-758. Abraham, A., Geffroy, Y., & Ancelin-Schutzenberger...
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