...this essay, I will do a journal article comparison. The articles selected have something in common – treatment of drug. The first article is “Do drug treatment variables predict cognitive performance in multidrug-treated opioid-dependent patients? A regression analysis study” by Pekka Rapeli, Carola Fabritius, Hely Kalska and Hannu Alho. This article was taken from an open access article under Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2012, at http://www.substanceabusepolicy.com/content/7/1/45. The second article entitled “Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety” by Redonna K. Chandler, Bennett W. Fletcher and Nora D. Volkow. It was taken from a public access journal under National Institute of Health: JAMA. 2009 January 14; 301(2): 183–190. doi:10.1001/jama.2008.976. The purpose of the first article was to examine the predictive power of drug treatment variables on specific cognitive performance measures in multidrug-treated opioid dependent patients. Also, the researchers interested in finding out which of the possible significant associations turn out as hypothesized. On the other hand, the purpose of the second article was to summarize relevant neuroscientific findings and evidence-based principles of addiction treatment that, if implemented in the criminal justice system, could help improve public health and reduce criminal behaviour. For methodologies, the first research involved 104 Opioid-Dependent...
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...PSY 6669 ESSAY I ACTIVITY: 1. List the various substances mentioned in the DSM section on Substance-Related Disorders and explain co-occurring psychological and medical disorders in relationship to at least one substance-related disorder. (A.6;K.3) • Alcohol • Caffeine • Cannabis • Hallucinogen • Inhalant • Opioid • Sedative • Hypnotic or Anxiolytic • Stimulant • Tobacco If an individual uses opioids their routine urine toxicology test results are often positive for the drug. The results remain positive for most opioids for 12-36hours after the drug test. The most common medical disorder that is associated with opioid use are viral and bacterial infections such as: HIV, hepatitis C virus). Individuals with opioid disorder are at risk for the development of mild to moderate depression or major depressive disorder. Insomnia is common with this disorder and anti-social personality disorder is much more common in individuals with opioid use disorder. 2. If you were part of a team responding to a trauma-causing event how would you utilize your knowledge of the DSM? (A.9) I would think of each and every trauma disorder and use the diagnostic criteria to see if that is what caused the individual to have that traumatizing event. A traumatic event can be re-experienced in various ways. In some cases the individual will have recurrent, involuntary and intrusive memories of that particular traumatic event. Intrusive recollections in PTSD are distinguished from depressive...
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...Hailey Lattimore ENG 101-027 Mrs. C Dawkins October 11, 2017 Evaluation Essay: Medical Marijuana Marijuana is one of the most beneficial drugs on the market. It’s a non-addictive, cheap, and natural drug that helps with several medical issues. It benefits several medical issues, like pain relief, that opioids can’t help or don’t help enough. Additionally, marijuana is a natural drug so there are not any dangers that come from additives. The cost is also a benefit because it’s easier to afford it, more so than opioid prescriptions. Unlike most opioids, marijuana is not an addictive drug if it’s just used for medical purposes. Opioids include oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and many others, all of which have a history of being extremely...
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...Modern medicine contributes a vital role in health care. In one hand, contemporary medicine has brought advantages, namely declining mortality, and improving humanity health. Nonetheless, there are certain unfortunate consequences of modern medicine, such as demographic ageing and substance abuse. This essay will outline the beneficial and problematic implications of modern medicine. For the purpose of this essay, the “modern medicine” is the period of the history of medicine from1790 when the vaccine was invented to the present. There are two main advantages of modern medicine. The first merit of modern medicine is improving humanity health. For instance, vitamin deficiency can be supplemented with tonic utilisation or physical pain can be reduced with analgesics. Moreover, life expectancy can be extended by methods such as damaged tissues repairing or defective organs and limbs replacing of artificial ones. The second benefit of modern medicine is decreasing mortality. This is rooted in the fact that widespread immunisation lead to a considerable decline in infant mortality. Moreover, mass death which resulted from prevalent epidemics in the past, for example smallpox, measles, and malaria now can be distinguished in a fairly short period of time with vaccines. Furthermore advance medical techniques, particularly diagnostic imaging such as X-rays, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging permit early detection and treatment of diseases, for instance, lung cancer, or tuberculosis....
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...Pill Popping Problem November 1, 2012 Abstract The following essay is an argument to try to persuade readers that the dispensing and prescribing of opiate medication for all problems relating to pain is detrimental to the health of patients. I have included a personal story and data relating to the overprescribing of pain medication. The sources I have cited include the New York Times, Kaiser Health News, Stop Drugged Driving.org and Daily Mail, UK. When I looked into the glassy tear-filled eyes of my dear friend Charlotte, I saw pain. She had just spent the night in the Clark County Detention Center. As she explained to me what had happened to bring her there, driving under the influence of narcotics, I saw the pain turn to anguish. She was embarrassed from what she had done to herself. She was fighting withdrawal from the Lortab that her doctor had prescribed for her. I was happy that I could help her get out of jail that morning, but that was not the end of her pain and suffering. It was just the beginning. The medication that was supposed to help her neck pain feel better had wound up causing her more suffering and problems than she bargained for. This is an all too common problem seen in the United States. The prescribing of opiate medications for complaints of simple pain is causing addiction and health problems and is detrimental to the health of patients. My friend Charlotte had fallen victim to an addiction to pain killers propagated by easy...
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...So many people are using it, should be legalized * Failed to reduce use and addiction * Prohibition has negative health consequences * Reduced drug price reduced violence * Crime would decrease less crowded courts and jails * Focus too much on illegal drugs focus on legal drugs * Against Legalization: * Alcohol has history of social acceptance in US * Prohibition is affective against illicit drugs * Legalization of drugs increases consumption increase in overdose and death * How come crack involves higher level of violence than cocaine if less expensive drugs results in less crime? * If legalized more people will start using drugs * Good Country Policies (essay question) * England: * Marijuana is not prescribed for medical use * Prescribe heroin for heroin addicts * Reach out to people to get treatment through the Justice System * When you want help you get help * Portugal: * Jail time replaced with treatment * People caught with small amount sent to a panel * Decriminalization decline illegal drugs, HIV, people seeking treatment doubled * Sweden: * Drug free policy it is illegal * Blood and urine tests whenever they want * Medical marijuana non existing * Bad Country Policies * Netherlands: * Decriminalization under 5gram u you are okay *...
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...Introduction- Issue, Past campaigns, what campaign I’m doing, provide info on whats going to be in the report the structure, and how ill be providing a creative solution. s Illicit drug use is a major problem in Australian culture as a recent study in 2012 by the United Nations has concluded that Australia has the highest rate of recreational drug users in the world (Toohey,2012). An Illicit drug can be defined as “the non-medical use of a variety of drugs which include: amphetamine- type stimulants, cannabis, cocaine, heroin and other opioids, and MDMA (ecstasy) (Hall W, Ross J, Lynskey M, Law M, Degenhardt L.,2000). Australian Governments on all levels including non-governments have been trying to fight this illicit drug problem for many years with different approaches to the epidemic. This case study will be analysing the illicit drug problem in Australia, trends and closely scrutinizing the effectiveness of the Australian Governments National Drug Campaign 2010-15 (NDC) in reaching its target audience. This case study will then be further comparing other Anti-illicit drug Campaigns worldwide and in the past to the NDC and finally providing a creative solution which may help the NDC, which may help this Social Marketing campaign effectively communicate to its target audience. The National Drug Strategy 2010-2015 is a social marketing campaign which is aimed at improving the health, economic and social outcomes for Australians by preventing the uptake of harmful drug...
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...percent have used some form of hallucinogenic drug. Athletes are at risk to drug use because of the increased physical demand of athletics and heightens stress and time constraints placed upon them by fulfilling the dual role of being an athlete and student (Yusko, Buckman, White, Pandina, 2008). Peer pressure in itself is an epidemic and strongly impacts nonathletic individuals as well. The use of prescriptions drugs for nonmedical use is higher than are use of cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, ecstasy, and inhalants all combined. Prescription Opioids result in more drug abuse deaths than both cocaine and heroin combined (Katelyn Rozenbroek& Rothstein, 2011).There are a lot of factors that drive teens and college students to turn to drugs and alcohol. The highest rates of prescription drugs used non-medically occur among college students and other young adult’s ages 18 to 24 (Katelyn Rozenbroek& Rothstein, 2011). In this essay, I will address the use and misuse of drugs and the effects it has on students and student life. I will go into detail about all the world of smoking, how students are forced into situation and other awful things. I will also discuss...
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...Compare and Contrast how Cocaine, Ecstasy, Heroin and Cannabis Work in the Brain Drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, ecstasy, heroin and cannabis, are of natural or synthetic origin, which can alter the emotional state, perception, body functioning and behaviour of an individual. Drugs are known to work in the brain by activating certain brain circuits via different mechanisms, and stimulate or inhibit different neurons in the pathway. However, due to the effects of each drug being different, a drug will affect either different pathways and neurons in the brain to that of another, or through a different process, i.e. direct or indirect activity. This essay will discuss the different mechanisms of action that cocaine, ecstasy, heroin and cannabis have in the brain, in terms of their similarities and dissimilarities. Recent studies are also discussed in relation to such theories, with findings of research having been derived from both humans and animals. Ecstasy and cocaine are psychostimulants that temporarily increase alertness and awareness. They both act as ‘indirect agonists’, which increase neurotransmitter binding to receptors in the synapse. By binding to the transporters that normally remove the excess of these neurotransmitters from the synaptic gap, ecstasy and cocaine prevent them from being reabsorbed by the neurons that released them, and therefore increase their concentration in the synapses. Changes in the activity of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline neurotransmitters...
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...Title of assignment: Describe compare and contrast the traditional abstinence model of addiction treatment with the modern harm reduction model in the context of counselling a heroin using client who is HIV or Hep-C positive I declare that this assignment is entirely my own work and that all sources are credited. Introduction: In this essay I am going to first define abstinence, harm reduction, heroin and HIV. Then i’m going to compare and contrast the abstinence model versus the harm reduction model in relation to a person who uses heroin and has also HIV under the counselling context. Definitions: The Abstinence Model: The term 12 step applies to a number of self-help groups which have grown from the original alcoholics anonymous movement. 12-step groups are fellowships of men and women who meet regularly to support each other in their efforts to achieve and maintain abstinence. Groups are run by the members themselves who are not professional counsellors. They have a spiritual foundation are not affiliated with any organised religion. (McMurran, 1994) For the purposes of this essay groups like NA(Narcotics Anonymous) would represent a traditional abstinence group and the Minnesota Model would represent a counselling approach in relation to addiction counselling. The Harm Reduction Model: The idea of harm reduction first emerged explicitly in Dutch drug policy during the 1970s and 1980s from concern about the social integration of people who use drugs into...
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...course/unit? What are the Strengths and Weakness of this response? Crimes addressed include White Collar and Corporate Crime, Organized Crime, Illicit Drugs and Violence. Illicit drugs affect everyone. They may cause family problems, health problems even effort jobs or your performance. Even with the use of drugs that may have to be swallowed or even injected into your own body could increase chances of obtaining the HIV virus. But drugs that we smoke like marijuana could cause lung cancer. Illicit drugs can also affect the brain, by causing the brain cells to die and in cases resulting in permanent brain damage. The abuse of drugs also affect the economy, people using drugs are accident waiting to happen. Each year drug uses is the cause of a large number of accidents at home, office and on the roads. Everybody pays the price of drug abuse more cops and prisons more hospitals and treatment centers and many lives lost. Australia has approximately one drug overdose death each year. Broadly speaking, the prevalence of illicit drugs has been falling since the late 1990’s though some drugs have increased over that period. The authoritative reports below will summaries the trends as follows. In 2010, approximately 15% of the national population 14 years and above had used one or more illicit drugs in the past 12 months, with Cannabis the most commonly used illicit drug (10.3%), followed by MDMA (ecstasy),(3.0%) and amphetamines and cocaine (each used by 21%). Non –...
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...certain blood pressure medications do not cause addiction but they can cause physical dependence. Other drugs, such as cocaine, cause addiction without leading to physical dependence. Tolerance to a drug (needing a higher dose to attain the same effect) is usually part of addiction. Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Drug abuse can lead to drug dependence or addiction. People who use drugs for pain relief may become dependent, although this is rare in those who don't have a history of addiction. The exact cause of drug abuse and dependence is not known. However, a person's genes, the action of the drug, peer pressure, emotional distress, anxiety, depression, and environmental stress all can be factors. Peer pressure can lead to drug use or abuse, but at least half of those who become addicted have depression, attention deficit disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, or another mental health problem. Children who grow up in an environment of illicit drug use may first see their parents using drugs. This may put them at a higher risk for developing an addiction later in life for both environmental and genetic reasons. People who are more likely to abuse or become dependent on drugs include those who: • Have depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia • Have easy access to drugs • Have low self-esteem, or problems with relationships • Live a stressful lifestyle, economic or...
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...* CHRONOLOGY * * Second Trimester * * Mother attended her community drug and alcohol team (CDAT) were she was on a methadone programme. Referral was made by her key worker stated concerns that she may be pregnant and concealing it * * Pre - birth conference was held to establish the issues surrounding the mother, her pregnancy and her parenting skills. Mother did not attend. The pre – birth conference attended by the CDAT key worker, safeguarding midwife, health visitor, GP, social worker. The pre – birth conference took place as mum was concealing her pregnancy and that she was heavily * * DAY 1 Jack was born by caesarean section because they were concerns with the Zoe. Zoe was unwell – she had a heart valve problem. Jack was admitted to the intensive care unit, needing ventilation support for six hours 12pm * Safeguarding midwife aware that Jack been born, states that all people who needed to be aware of baby being born are. Informed us that her current partner and father of baby are not allowed to visit. Security, front desk at the main entrance of unit and nurses made aware * Urine virology/toxicology sent * Morphine started as Jack was Ventilated due to the respiratory distress 15pm * Out of hours social worker called inquiring about baby and mum 1630pm * Maternity support worker visited unit, updated on baby’s condition. Mum had her surgery – she will go and update mum 1830pm * Nurse looking after mum on...
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...Drug use in society 2011 12/13/2011 Business Communication-2 Final Report (The viewpoint of iobm students on the use of drugs in our society) submitted to: Mr. Sheikh Irfan submitted by: Muhammad Moaaz Iqbal Afridi (11391) Asad Ali Roomy (10877) Muhammad Ali ( Muhammad Ali Qureshi ( Table of contents Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 9 1.1. Background: 10 1.2. Purpose statement 11 1.3. Limitations of research: 12 1.4. Main Research Questions: 12 1.5. Other research Questions: 12 1.6. HYPOTHESES 13 1.7. Population: 14 1.8. Research tool: 14 1.9. Methodology: 14 1.10. Scope of the research 15 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 16 2.1. TYPES OF DRUGS 17 2.1.1 Heroin 17 2.1.2 Cocaine 18 2.1.3 Methamphetamine 19 2.1.4 Crack Cocaine 20 2.1.5 LSD 21 2.1.6 Ecstasy 22 2.1.7 Opium 23 2.1.8 Marijuana 24 2.1.9 Psilocybin Mushrooms 25 2.1.10 PCP 26 2.2 DRUGS DUE TO DEPRESSION: 27 4.3 Peer Pressure and Drug Use 35 4.4 Drug enforcement agencies 36 4.5 Drug Trafficking in Pakistan 38 4.6 Statistics 40 5 Methodology 43 5.1 Questionnaire 44 5.2 INTRODUCTION 46 5.3 Research Findings 47 5.4 Data Analysis 51 6 CONCLUSION 65 6.1 Introduction 66 6.2 Recommendations 68 6.3 Bibliography 69 Letter of transmittal To: Sir Sheikh Irfan, business communication II From: Asad Ali Roomy, Mohammad Ali Qureshi, Mohammad Ali, Moaz Date: 8th December, 2012 Subject: Transmittal of report on “Use of drugs...
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...Psychological Bulletin 2007, Vol. 133, No. 1, 65–94 Copyright 2007 by the American Psychological Association 0033-2909/07/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65 The Nature of Procrastination: A Meta-Analytic and Theoretical Review of Quintessential Self-Regulatory Failure Piers Steel University of Calgary Procrastination is a prevalent and pernicious form of self-regulatory failure that is not entirely understood. Hence, the relevant conceptual, theoretical, and empirical work is reviewed, drawing upon correlational, experimental, and qualitative findings. A meta-analysis of procrastination’s possible causes and effects, based on 691 correlations, reveals that neuroticism, rebelliousness, and sensation seeking show only a weak connection. Strong and consistent predictors of procrastination were task aversiveness, task delay, selfefficacy, and impulsiveness, as well as conscientiousness and its facets of self-control, distractibility, organization, and achievement motivation. These effects prove consistent with temporal motivation theory, an integrative hybrid of expectancy theory and hyperbolic discounting. Continued research into procrastination should not be delayed, especially because its prevalence appears to be growing. Keywords: procrastination, irrational delay, pathological decision making, meta-analysis Procrastination is extremely prevalent. Although virtually all of us have at least dallied with dallying, some have made it a way of life. Estimates indicate...
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