...Table of Contents Introduction 2-4 Reasons 4-5 Advantages 5 Disadvantages 5 Summary 6 Reference 7 Introduction The Ethernet is a system used in the connection between a number of computers to form a Local Area Network(LAN), which consist of the physical and data link layer. During the 1980s, one of the first widely deployed Ethernet supported a theoretical data rate of 10Megabit per second(Mbps). Over the years through the advancement of technology, the maximum data rates were increased to 100Mbps to todays peak performing a whopping 1Terabit per second(Tbps), but only active in area of research. As workplaces slowly become a more computerised and network based, with the rise of emails and the internet, Ethernet has become more prevalent. Every computer that requires a connection to another or link to systems uses the Ethernet. The computers you use at home, in your office at work, in school that accesses the internet through the use of the Ethernet. Ethernet LANs consist of network nodes and interconnecting media. The network nodes fall into two major classes: Data terminal equipment (DTE) - Devices that are either the source or the destination of data frames. DTEs are typically devices such as PCs, workstations, file servers, or print servers that, as a group, are all often referred to as end stations. Data communication equipment (DCE) - intermediate network devices that receive and forward...
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...Evolution of Ethernet * 1973 - Bob Metcalfe, working at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center, was told to come up with a way to link hundreds of computers to the company's new laser printers. Metcalfe created a diagram describing a design for Ethernet at 3Mbps over shared coaxial cable. * 1976 - Metcalfe and David Boggs publish a paper entitled: "Ethernet: Distributed Packet-Switching for Local Computer Networks." The paper defines multipoint data communication system with collision detection. * 1979 -Metcalfe leaves Xerox and founds 3Com. The next year, he publishes standard for 10Mbps Ethernet, known as the DIX standard (for Ethernet backers Digital, Intel and Xerox). * 1985 - The IEEE becomes the official standards body for Ethernet. Open standards help make Ethernet the dominant LAN technology. * 1986 - IEEE publishes standard for 10Base5 Ethernet, also known as thick Ethernet because it ran over yellow coax that resembled a garden hose. * 1989 - Start-up Kalpana introduces first Ethernet switch, which eventually replaces bridges and hubs. The Cisco Company buys out Kalpana. * 1991 - IEEE approves 10Base-T Ethernet over Cat-3 twisted pair cabling, which becomes the standard for LAN deployments. * 1994 - IEEE approves 10BaseF, Ethernet over fiber for use in data centers. * 1995 - IEEE adopts standard for Ethernet at 100Mbps. It becomes known as Fast Ethernet. * 1998 - Standard for 1000Base-T or Gigabit Ethernet is approved. * 2002...
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...[Ethernet or Token Ring] [Ricky Clark] [IT/242] Due: [6/20/2014] [Sokly Vann] Saguaro Federal has mainframes for all of its banks and businesses. Must the company use the Ethernet or Token Ring protocol? Explain your choice. Why is this choice appropriate? In this particular situation I would have to say that the token ring protocol should be used for its banks and businesses and the reason that I say this is because the banks and business seem to not all be located in the same building they are spread out. In Token Ring LAN’s each station is connected to a wiring concentrator called a multistation access unit using UTP or STP. The access method which is used on a Token Ring is called token which is a special data packet that is generated by the first computer that comes online in a token ring network With this being said this seems the most reasonable and secure because the computers cannot operate without a token from the other. XYZ Technology Consultants has offices on the second, third, and fourth floors of the office building it occupies. Must the company use the Ethernet or Token Ring protocol? Explain your choice. Why is this choice appropriate? In the XYZ technology consultants situation I would suggest an Ethernet protocol. The reason that I came to this conclusion was due in part of the company being located in one building on various floors so everything is central. Ethernet is the most used networking that is available because of the pricing and...
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...Ethernet or Token Ring Ethernet or Token Ring I had an issue with this question that I have to address before I answer it. I understand that the answer that you are looking for is token ring for this scenario but the scenario lacks appropriate detail to really make the decision. It does not tell you the specific type of setup that the bank has or if there even is one. Not to mention that token ring is almost completely dead as far as LAN is concerned. There is no reason that the bank could not use an ethernet setup to accomplish its set goals. I just wish the assignment as a whole would be a little more detailed. That being said lets get to the scenario. Saguaro Federal should use a token ring. I say this because of the topology and function of a token ring. The general overview of a token ring is a circle. Within this circle each system is connected through a MAU by either UTP or STP. The token refers to a data packet that travels around the ring to its destination or destinations. The bank would benefit from a token ring because of the closed aspect of the network, and also because of the one way traffic that happens within the ring. You would avoid data collisions and by using a token ring you can predict the travel time of your data packet arrival. The security aspect of a token ring suits the needs of a financial institution, but also costs more money and difficult technical aspects. XYZ Technology Consultants would benefit for an ethernet setup. Since...
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...Ethernet Ethernet Switching Modes Michael Martin NTC/405 February 16, 2015 Ronald Bowell Ethernet Switching Modes Ethernet has transformed computer systems from isolated, solitary islands to a network of computing devices with limitless potential. Unfortunately, before Ethernet, network computing was administered solely by proto-geeks who wore white coats and pocket protectors. Previously, the best idea these so-called geeks came up with before Ethernet, was sneaker-net, which meant individuals had to save the files to a disk, lace up their tennis shoes and marched to the next computing device. All of this was done before Ethernet was an industry standard. However, more recently, geeks have utilized the potential of Ethernet to move frames or packets across a network. Ethernet invented and utilized in the 1990s focuses on a hybrid star bus (Meyers, 2009). Because of Ethernets adequate performance, and superior economics, it won the heart of network administrators and most people using networking equipment. Today, Ethernet focuses on wired LAN technology and continues to grow in speed and sophistication. Despite Ethernet’s sophistication, its means of communication is done in a systematic manner. For instance, Ethernet sends data across a network in frames or packets. Data is wrapped in six layers of assembly which consist of first a Preamble, next a recipient MAC address, followed by a senders MAC address, length, (Data), Pad, and the cyclic redundancy checker...
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...Ethernet Switching Modes In today’s society the popularity of the network has increased, as more and more individuals are using them. Especially with the younger individuals, as you have facebook, skype, and so on. Because of the popularity networks begin to slow down. As the use of the internet continues to rise, months or years down the road the networks will have to have a bigger bandwidth of support to be able to handle the increasing traffic. The most commonly used and installed local area networks or LAN’s is the Ethernet. The Ethernet can use several types of cabling, the most common type of cabling used is coaxial or twisted-pair. Several Ethernet-based networks can be linked together using different types of devices. These types include: routers,bridges and switches. The switched Ethernet is the widely used of these three when it comes to connecting to multiple networks. Switching will change the way networks are designed and will maximize the use of the internet. Network Switching When it comes to dealing with the network, the basis of this technology consists of nodes (computer), mediums (wired or wireless internet), and other connecting equipment (routers and hubs). All of these work together which allows your computer to send data to other computer networks everywhere. Switches play a role in this technology as well, they allow data to be sent swiftly and efficiently. The use of this technology is making networks faster and more productive...
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...Ethernet Cabling Pin-Out On the back of each keystone jack is a two-sided connector that is labeled with similar colors. In the keystone jack we're using, the label has sets of colors labeled A and B. This refers to the two main wiring standards used in Ethernet, 568A and 568B. You can use either standard as long as you are consistent with that standard throughout your installation. Using the 568B standard, the left side of our keystone jack is labeled (from top to bottom) blue, white-blue, orange, whiteorange, and the right side is labeled green, white-green, brown, white-brown. Working from the top, place the specified color in the corresponding slots on the top row of slots on connector. Try not to untwist the wire, since the Ethernet standard requires the wires stay twisted down to the last 1/2 inch. ETHERNET CABLE: COLOR-CODE STANDARDS The information listed here is to assist Network Administrators in the color coding of Ethernet cables. Please be aware that modifying Ethernet cables improperly may cause loss of network connectivity. Use this information at your own risk, and insure all connectors and cables are modified in accordance with standards. The Internet Centre and its affiliates cannot be held liable for the use of this information in whole or in part. T-568A Straight-Through Ethernet Cable The T-568A standard is supposed to be used in new network installations. Most off-the-shelf Ethernet cables are still of the T-568B standard; however, it makes absolutely...
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...10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard Christopher Burch PROF. K. Jones CIS 175 – Intro to Networking March 4, 2011 ABSTRACT NOT REQUIRED 10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard From its inception more than 25 years ago, Ethernet has adapted to meet the increasing loads of packet-based networks. Because of its proven low implementation cost, reliability, and relative simplicity of installation and maintenance, Ethernet’s usage has grown to the point that nearly all voice, video, and data traffic on the Internet begins or ends with an Ethernet connection. Further, as the need for ever-faster network speeds has increased, Ethernet has been adapted to handle these higher speeds, as well as the surges in volume demand that are apart of them. The IEEE 802.3ae 2002 (10 Gigabit Ethernet standard) is unique in some respects from earlier Ethernet standards in that it will only function over optical fiber, and only operates in full duplex mode (collision-detection protocols are unnecessary).Ethernet can now evolve to 10 gigabits per second while keeping its most important Ethernet properties, such as the packet format, and the current capabilities are easily transferable to the new standard. The 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard extends the IEEE 802.3aestandard protocols to a wire speed of 10 Gbps and expands the Ethernet application space to include WAN-compatible links. The10 Gigabit Ethernet standard provides a powerful increase in bandwidth while maintaining maximum compatibility with the installed...
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...Ethernet or Token Ring Checkpoint Keitha Hinkle IT 242 03/27/2014 LaTrea Shine Ethernet or Token Ring Checkpoint Sanguaro federal has mainframes for all of its banks and businesses, must the company use the Ethernet or token ring protocol. I feel this would be a good option because the bank and businesses are probably not all located in the same building. So if they are located in separate buildings it would be the best option. In a token ring LAN each station is connected to a center wiring concentrator. This is called a multi-station access unit using a UTP or an STP. The access method that is used is called Token. This type of method is a special data package that is generated by the first computer which connects to the token ring network and then passed from one station to another station around the ring. This type of device only communicates over the network when it has the token. XYZ technology consultation has offices on the second, third, and fourth floors of the office building it occupies. Most of the company uses the Ethernet or token ring protocol. Explain your choice. Why is this choice appropriate? I think for this situation I would suggest an Ethernet protocol. I think this would be a better choice because the company is all located in the same building just on different floors. This is the most common type and popular used LAN technology. This is due to its reliability and ease of installation as well as its cost. An Ethernet network can be connected...
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...Ethernet The Ethernet protocol is by far the most widely used. Ethernet uses an access method called CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection). This is a system where each computer listens to the cable before sending anything through the network. If the network is clear, the computer will transmit. If some other node is already transmitting on the cable, the computer will wait and try again when the line is clear. Sometimes, two computers attempt to transmit at the same instant. When this happens a collision occurs. Each computer then backs off and waits a random amount of time before attempting to retransmit. With this access method, it is normal to have collisions. However, the delay caused by collisions and retransmitting is very small and does not normally effect the speed of transmission on the network. The Ethernet protocol allows for linear bus, star, or tree topologies. Data can be transmitted over twisted pair, coaxial, or fiber optic cable at a speed of 10 Mbps. Ethernet is a physical and data link layer technology for local area networks (LANs). Ethernet was invented by engineer Robert Metcalfe. It uses wires (meaning it is not a wireless technology). The wires used for a LAN are mostly those headed by an RJ-45 jack, which is similar to the jack plugged into your telephone set, but twice as big. Some Ethernet networks use coaxial cables, but that’s rarer, and present in rather large LANs, which span over areas between buildings. Ethernet is by far...
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...Chapter 10: Ethernet Switch Troubleshooting Troubleshooting is very important for a CCNA technician. In this chapter we see tools and methods that will help you identify and solve most network problems. Consider using the techniques in this chapter as a guide to logical problem-solving processes. The steps in this tutorial address computer connection problems in Cisco Command-Line Interface (CLI). The process of troubleshooting help you the problem or the issue you are having. It makes you think in all the possible causes of it and test your skills as technicians. There are three basic steps in the troubleshooting process: Analyzing/Predicting normal operations-in this step you basically predict what should happen if the network is working correctly, based on documentation, configuration, and show and debug command output; Step 2: Problem isolation-Determine how farer do the packet can go and show and debug command output; Step 3: Root cause analysis- Identify causes of the problems identified and how can be fixed it. The documentation and the show command output are helpful in this process to confirm network topology and predict its normal behavior. Isolating the problem at Layer 3 point out what went wrong in Layer 1 and Layer 2. The more supportive components in this process are Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), Examining interface status and Analyzing where frames will be forwarded. CDP lend a hand to discover and/or confirm documentations by listening...
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...Evolution of Ethernet Given the speeds of today’s Ethernet and the progression of the speeds, 10 to 100Gigs over 8 years and 100Gig to 1Tb since, transmission rate will double again in about 8 years. Although this seems true, I read that Ethernet fabric will rival fiber optic transmission capabilities. We must keep in might that a network is only as fast as its slowest component. This means computers will have to continue to get faster at processing requests and switches and routers will have to analyze and forward data packets at a higher speed to keep up with the evolution of Ethernet. Cat5e, Cat5 and CAT6 are the most recent Ethernet Evolution; they are the standard and most easily affordable for companies to use. The ease of installment is also a big factor when using CAT cables, twisting and lining up the end connectors is all that is required. The biggest issue with using CAT is that in starts to lose signal after 100 meters, it needs to be sent through a repeater, or a switch to regain signal strength. For the cost, performance and ease of installation the CAT5e is the best medium for a LAN. The next steps ethnet will be taking will be to increases speed and security. An organization using medical equipment or financial information has to consider what security protocols and policies it would use. Using Category 6 twisted pair cabling. These cables are hardier versions of Cat5E and are covered in a shielding that prevents them from being compromised by electrical...
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...Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588v2 Technology White Paper Issue Date 01 2012-10-30 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks and Permissions and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. Notice The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Address: Huawei Industrial Base Bantian, Longgang Shenzhen 518129 People's Republic of China Website: http://enterprise...
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...Examining Ethernet Changes through the Years ITT Technical institute, CA: IS3120 9/29/2014 The Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 CSMA/ CD LAN technologies are the most popular LAN technology in the world today. Inspired by the ALOHAnet paper written by Norman Abramson is entitled “The Aloha System – Another Alternative for Computer Communications.” It described the development of an innovative radio-based network of computers that came to be known as ALOHAnet. In 1973, Robert (Bob) Metcalfe was a recent Harvard Ph.D. graduate working at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). During a visit with a friend he had came across the article he was inspired to collaborate with David R. Boggs and they put they had put there thought together. So using an IBM Selectric Typewriter with an Orator ball, Metcalfe typed a memo and sketched a quick schematic that would forever change both networking and the world at large. Then the Ethernet was born on May 22, 1973. The Ethernet was actually introduced to the commercial marketplace in 1980 was distinguished by its high speed (10 Mbps). During the 1980s to the 1990s Ethernet LANs dominated due to the ease of implementation and migrations for the LANS base on the 10, 100, and 1000BaseT LAN Standards. The Ethernet LAN technology had solved business challenges and the connectivity of business challenges. By doing this the cost was lower the early introduction of the token ring. Some of the business challenges were: * The need to connect to...
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...#2 – Assessment Worksheet IEE 802.3 CSMA/CD & Ethernet II Networking 1. Using the Wireshark Protocol Analyzer how was you able to isolate and inspect IP and CDP packets for further analysis? Navigating to the Analyze menu interface, selecting the “Disable All” button at the bottom of the window, in the “Protocol” window scroll to “IP” and select it the same steps apply to CDP. 2. In what section of the Wireshark Protocol Analyzer interface is the details of a capture packet frame displayed? On the Frame Analysis Window 3. Draw an IEEE 802.3 frame Showing segments and bytes assigned to each segment? 4. What are the main speeds of Ethernet? 10 mbps 100 mbps (fast Ethernet) 1000 mbps (gigabit Ethernet) 10000 mbps (ten gigabit Ethernet) 5. What is the Maximum size allocated for information in an IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Frame? Maximum length Ethernet II frames (1518 bytes, with a payload of 1500 bytes) 6. What is the main difference in the layout of IEEE.802.3and Ethernet II frame? IEEE 802.3 decided to include the Type of both source and destination in the 802.2 LLC header. So they replaced the Type field (bytes 13-14) with a Length field. The length" is not the full frame size - rather, it is the 802.2 packet length - the number of bytes of the 802.2 (LLC and data) portion of the frame, excluding padding. 7. What is the maximum number of bytes assigned to the “source address” segment of an IEEE.802.3? Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 specify similar technologies. Both...
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