...problem to be investigated is the role of corporation in society and its ethical influence on social responsibility. There have been arguments that capitalism and corporations are responsible for economic ills of the society. It is therefore necessary to understand the role of corporation and ethical influence if any. In other to address the problem stated above it is necessary to define what capitalism and corporation are, and give background insight through meaningful literature reviews. According to dictionary.com capitalism is an economic system in which investments, ownership and means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is driven and maintained mainly by private individuals or corporations, in contrast to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. A corporation on the other hand is a business organization created by its owners known as stockholders under authority of the law to exist continuously independent of its members; powers and liabilities (limited liability) separated from those of its members.(American Heritage Dictionary). The answer to the problem stated above may be embedded in the "not a cold mete or fallen from the sky" statement of Dr. Novak (Jennings, 2012, p.108). Role of Corporation In Society The problem to be investigated is the role of corporation in society and its ethical influence on social responsibility. There have been arguments that capitalism and corporations are responsible for economic ills of the society It is therefore...
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...capitalist system Throughout history of capitalism, there has been one persistent criticism. The whole system seems to be based on selfishness the more one works, the more one prospers. If one is unable to work, the system seems to have no answer to his or her problems. Furthermore, there does not seem to be any moral or spiritual foundation to the system. Where do businesses get their values? What about concepts such as sharing, helping neighbors, and protecting the environment? It is important to make a distinction between plain capitalism and democratic capitalism. Democratic capitalism is a system based on three components: (1) free enterprise; that is, freedom to own your own businesses and farms and freedom to keep the profits, (2) a freely elected government that has internal checks and balances, and (3) moral, ethical, and spiritual values that are part of the very fabric of the country and the business system. Plain capitalism is a system where there is free enterprise, but no freely elected government and no foundation of moral, ethical, and spiritual values. There are several “capitalist” countries headed by rightwing dictators that do not have democratic capitalism and do not have the relative prosperity and social justice that we have in the United States. Let’s explore democratic capitalism in more detail so that you can understand how the system works. One of the most important elements of democratic capitalism is its moral and spiritual base. When the U.S...
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...financial crisis happen. The views on what roles the government should have in the economy range from capitalism, which is a belief that the economy should be controlled by individuals (hrw ESL dictionary 85), to communism, which is a belief that a social organization such as the state should control economy.(558) Most people adopt a view somewhere between these extremes, yet even those moderate views vary greatly. Because society put emphasis on productivity and profit, most economic systems in the world tend to be oriented toward capitalism instead of communism. Many believe that capitalism is immoral because it is based on profit, which they claim to be the result of egoistic actions. I personally think that it is not the system that is unethical, but more how it is used and what is done with it. It can be compared to a neutral instrument such as a knife, which can be used either to cut food or kill. There is no morality in the knife itself. In this essay, it will be argued that, unlike most beliefs, capitalism is a morally acceptable economic system. To support this claim, three premises will be used. First of all, the market economy on which capitalism is based upon, promotes mutual help and fair exchange. Also, under such a system, when an individual is pursuing his own interests, he is simultaneously increasing the general wealth of his society as well as his own. Lastly, capitalism facilitates exchanges with people outside of our circle of care by dealing with them voluntarily...
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...“Explore the ideas of Karl Marx, discussing his theories and views toward capitalism. Discuss how these matters compare to modern day economic conditions, and consider the ethical and sustainability matters that are raised for today's managers.” Karl Marx; an economist, sociologist, revolutionary and historian, whose theories continue to influence economic thought for managers today. Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5,1818 – March 14, 1883) put forth many theories with regards to economics, politics and society that established the base on which Marxism was formed. His critique of the philosophies of other theorists and critical analysis of capitalism has influenced economic perception, and contributed largely toward the current understanding of capital and labour and the relationship that exists. In Karl Marx’s criticism of capitalism, he discussed many social matters such as ‘alienation’, the dominance by the ‘bourgeoisie’ over the ‘proletariat’; issues with regard to labour, such as the de-skilling and dehumanisation of workers as technological advances came about and capitalists strived to maximise ‘surplus value’ through the ‘exploitation’ of human labour. Although times have changed and this type of work environment is not as common, it is still an ever present situation in places such as China and India where cheap labour is employed to maximise the return for those in ‘control’. Advancements in technology continue, to the extent where the duties of workers can be performed...
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...innovation . He is the author of a History of Economic Analysis, published in 1954 and still refers. Neither Keynesian nor neoclassical, is often close to the Austrian School of Economics. It is considered economist excitement and it is called heterodox economist for his theories on the evolution of capitalism in democracy, he believes doomed to disappear for social and political reasons. Schumpeter leaves hardly classify an economic school. Whether it was Austrian , he has never been part of the Austrian School with which he was familiar with the teachings of Eugen von Böhm- Bawerk at the University of Vienna. The economist he admired most was undoubtedly Leon Walras , but his analysis goes beyond the neoclassical framework . He was also heavily influenced by the writings of the German sociologist Max Weber. And if he shared some conclusions with Karl Marx, his analysis was very far from Marxist economic designs. Is actually the founder of general economic evolutionism . It is therefore listed in the circle called "heterodox" economists. He believes that the foundation and spring dynamics of the economy are innovation and technical progress. The history of capitalism is a permanent moult. Technology evolves, turns pushing swathes of economic activity to wither and disappear after being dominant. Structural change is prior to quantitative. The purpose of this paper is to talk about the influence of Max Weber on Schumpeter’s thought,with respect to their central visions...
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...business, government, and society are infinite and their meaning is open to interpretation. Faced with this complexity, many people use simple mental models to impose order and meaning on what they observe. These models are like prisms, each having a different refractive quality, each giving the holder a different view of the world. Depending on the model (or prism) used, a person will think differently about the scope of business power in society, criteria for managerial decisions, the extent of corporate responsibility, the ethical duties of managers, and the need for regulation. The following four models are basic alternatives for seeing the BGS relationship. As abstractions they oversimplify reality and magnify central issues. Each model can be both descriptive and prescriptive; that is, it can be both an explanation of how the BGS relationship does work and, in addition, an ideal about how it should work. The Market Capitalism Model The market capitalism model, shown in Figure 1.2, depicts business as operating within a market environment, responding primarily to powerful economic forces. There, it is substantially sheltered from direct impact by social and political forces. The market acts as a buffer between business and nonmarket forces. To appreciate this model, it is important to understand the history and nature of markets and the classic explanation of how they work. Markets are as old as humanity, but for most of recorded history they were a minor institution....
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...produce? How much should we produce? And who is making those decisions. Capitalism is the economic system agreed upon in the United States of America. In the recent discussions of the efficacity of...
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...Capitalism & the Invisible Hand Throughout the history of civilization have been two forms of social administrations: Individualism which has taken the form of capitalism and collectivism which has taken many different forms, each form different from one another, such as socialism, communism, nazism, and etc. Capitalism is an economic system in which most of the means of production and distribution, such as businesses or factories, are not owned by the government but by the private individuals who operate them for profits. (“13b. Comparing Economic Systems.”) In the center of the free-market capitalism is the individual who has four basic rights: • The right to own private property. • The right to own a business and to keep the profits made by operating his business. • The right to freedom of competition. • The right of freedom of choice. (Nickels, Understanding Business) On the other hand, socialism is an economic system that calls for putting most of the means of production in the hands of government which will share the wealth and income more equally among people.( Nickels, Understanding Business) The main goal of socialism is to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor. Thus, the government has the responsibility to evenly distribute the wealth in order to make the society just and fair. (“13b. Comparing Economic Systems.”) An individual attempts to become wealthy, which explains why his focus is only on profits, but to achieve this goal he has to exchange...
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...Max Weber “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism” Max Webers “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism” is an analysis as to the relationship between the emergence of the spirit of capitalism in the west and the ethics of Calvinism. He argues that Calvinism catalysed this creation of the capitalist spirit. His study arose when he asked himself why capitalism had emerged out of Western Europe before anywhere else in the world, even though the economic conditions seemed identical in many of these places. In this essay I will argue that this relationship between the two isn’t as paramount as Weber suggests, and in fact may be completely arbitrary. I believe this for a number of reasons including the distorting effect Webers use of a “ideal type” has and the fact that some areas where Calvinism was practiced heavily Capitalism developed a lot later in, while others with no Calvinist beliefs still did develop Capitalism. Weber starts his analyse looking at the intrinsic relationship between religion and business. He emphasises how sect membership is a sign that you are trustworthy and will be a good business partner, as admission to one of these congregations only happens after a careful probation, where your conduct, back to early childhood, is assessed and checked for any kind of frivolity. Admission therefore is a guarantee of the moral qualities of someone, it is a badge of honour showing you have those qualities that are required in business matters...
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...Due to the limited resources and unlimited human wants, whole world faces problem of scarcity. Therefore, capitalism is needed to solve these production decision such as what and how to produce the goods and services and distribution decision such as for whom to produce the goods and services. Capitalism is an economic system in which the major portion of production and distribution is in private hands, operating under what is termed a profit or market system. In the country which works on capitalism system, the production and distribution decisions are made by private individuals who are free to pursue their self-interest and their decisions are coordinated and communicated through price signals which also means by profit motive in the market. I believe that the morality of capitalism is debatable, whether the capitalism is moral or immoral have to view it from different sides of perspective. Utilitarianism said that an action is judged as right, good, or wrong on the basis of its consequences. It emphasizes that greatest good for the greatest number of people. In other words, the goods have to be maximized for everyone affected by the decision (Weiss J.W., 2008). When all the costs are added and compared with the results, if the benefits outweigh the costs, then the action may be considered ethical. In a capitalist economic system, individuals have natural rights to property. They can possess, use and dispose the means of production or distribution such as equipment, machines...
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...Moral Philosophies Consequentialist theories. The morality (right vs wrong) of an action is judged entirely by its on consequences. Right and wrong are determined by the outcome of an action. “The end justifies the means” -Egoism -Utilitarianism Non consequentialist theories Based on inputs and intentions Actions are intrinsically good or bad by themselves. The right or wrong of these actions is not determined by their consequences. Utilitarianism Actions are judged by how much they benefit the majority. The greatest good for the greatest number of people. It is ethical to make the minority unhappy or suffer to create the greatest good The various ways of defining the greatest good should be taken into consideration. Promulgated by John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham Act Utilitarianism Every act has an individual moral obligation. Rule Utilitarianism Apply utilitarianism to a set of rules that will benefit the majority. Kantian Ethics Intention based The categorical Imperative contains three maxims. Universality: You should only do something if you think it would be ok if everyone did it all the time. E.g. cheating in business, if everyone did it the economy would collapse. Every human should be treated as an end not a means to an end: So you can’t manipulate people to achieve an end. Contrasts to consequentialism which is based on ‘the greater good’. Means you cannot lie, (example about com101 being fav class) Act as if you were...
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...Zain Muzaffar Social Theory Thomas Long 11/13/2013 Social Theory Karl Marx, a 19th century philosopher, is credited with establishing and developing the idea of a communist society in response to modern capitalism in the early 1800's. Communism is the theoretical economic system characterized by the collective ownership of property and by the organization of labor for the common advantage of all its members. Marx described human history as the attempt to control nature in order to improve the human condition. The party was formed to support and promote the common interests of the proletariat. The labor market is penetrated thorough the means of social capitalism that is endorsed from the buying and selling power of companies that promote the circular flow of products in the buying market of financial capital distributed and dispersed through financial capital gains of the economy buying and selling products that commodities of social Marxism. The Marx’s view of capitalism, and the idea of commodity fethisms is the ideal perception of social relationships involved in production, and not talking about the relationships among people but the economic concept of commodities exchanged in the marketplace. The economic value of products that are commodities in the social market are circulated as forms of capital merchants who are competing for financial capital gains, and mediated forms of monetary exchange that is contributed to the GDP, and the...
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...This essay will aim to investigate the ethical treatment of shareholders and workers in a traditional, capitalist corporation; The Ford Motor Company and compare and contrast the findings with the treatment of these stakeholders in the Mondragon Cooperative Corporation. The structure of this essay will be as follows; firstly the fundamental differences between the two contrasting organisations will be examined and how these differences impact the ethical treatment of the relevant stakeholders; secondly, the ethical treatment of shareholders in regards to corporate governance and the executive’s accountability and control will be investigated, and lastly, the ethical treatment of workers within the two contrasting organisations will be scrutinized in relation to the employees right to participation and association, as well as the right to fair wages. To frame the purpose of this essay; to investigate the ethical treatment of shareholders and workers in a traditional, capitalist corporation compared to the treatment of these stakeholders in the Mondragon Cooperative Corporation, it is imperative to firstly examine the contrasting ideologies and points of difference between the two ways of organising. In understanding the fundamental differences between the two contrasting organisations, it is then possible to recognise the ethical dilemmas that arise for both shareholders and workers. The fundamental differences between a traditional capitalist corporation and the Mondragon Cooperative...
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...online discussion we discussed whether "capitalism benefits everybody". Purpose of this discussion was to analyse the importance of sociological imagination and ethical reasoning for better understanding of business, society and government relationship under capitalism, it was valuable to know each other's opinions, knowledge and understanding on the topic. Sociological imagination can be defined as the social analysis of behaviour and traits of business, society and government that assist us in representing images from our previous experience and knowledge, because of each other's uniqueness it was interesting to discuss about this topic and to get a broader response. After participating in the online discussion I can define capitalism as an economic and political system in which a county's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit rather than by the government. There are both advantages and disadvantages to capitalism in Australia but it truly benefits everyone including the Business sector, Government and Society. Since the economic and political systems are controlled by the private sector to gain profit, it'll encourage the owners and the employees to be efficient and produce quality goods and services. This will increase GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in Australia, and therefore it will also increase the country’s economy which will benefit both the government and the society. As most of us have discussed capitalism definitely benefits the society, because...
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...Thesis Capitalism has been the subject of ethical criticism since it was first introduced into society. I defend the morality of capitalism because it gives people incentive to work, establishes a web of trust between them, satisfies their material well-being, and generates a wide spectrum of prosperity. Exposition As citizens of the United States, we are members of the leading capitalist economy in the world. Our production and distribution is mostly done privately and we operate in a “profit” or “market” system. The capitalist system has been a target for criticism throughout the last three hundred years and is being discussed now more than ever due to the recent recession and financial crisis (Shaw and Barry n.d., 1). Its effects, structure, varieties, and possibilities provide for a large field of study and writers from several different disciplines have provided their input to the debate. Most fundamental is the question of whether our capitalist system is a morally justifiable one. This question can’t be answered by reviewing the efficiency and productivity capitalism provides, but instead requires a thorough analysis of ethics. A capitalist society is characterized by the private ownership of property and a free market that grants citizens the right to use their resources for their own benefit. Private property is the ownership of productive resources like companies, stocks, and bonds and should not be confused with personal property. Personal property consists...
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