...Ethics of Offshoring: Novo Nordisk and Clinical Trials In Emerging Economies Offshoring is a highly debatable topic throughout the country and the world. Many people base their opinions on different aspects of offshoring. Some people are against offshoring because they feel as if the working conditions in other countries aren’t up to par and are unethical. Some people are against offshoring because they feel it is taking jobs away from people within their own country. Some people are for offshoring because they feel there is greater profit involved or that they can get harder workers in other countries. No matter what side of the debate, everyone can agree on a few things like there needs to be better standards for working conditions, proper safety measures, and high economic and ethical concern. The case Ethics of Offshoring: Novo Nordisk and Clinical Trials in Emerging Economies was a highly informative case on clinical trials and offshoring. There was a reporter who wanted to speak with Anders Dejgaard, chief medical officer of Novo Nordisk, about his take on the offshoring of clinical trials by Danish companies as there had been multiple reports about trials being conducted in developing countries under unethical conditions. When reading the case, it truly made me consider aspects that I had never considered before. There are a few underlying questions that I feel need to be discussed. First of all, when considering both economic and ethical aspects, is it appropriate...
Words: 1572 - Pages: 7
...Off shoring ethics Proponents of offshoring point towards globalisation as a reason to support it. Part of doing business in an interconnected world means that, yes, we’ll lose some jobs overseas, but we’ll also gain others. Or, at the very least, the exporting of low-skilled jobs leaves Australians with more fulfilling high-skilled ones. Offshoring’s advocates also suggest it provides economic benefits and positive PR in the beneficiary country, making that population more likely to buy Australian goods. It similarly increases Australians’ purchasing power because products are cheaper when they’re manufactured overseas. Then there’s the profit motive. If offshoring enables Aussie firms to make more money, that creates a stronger Australian economy, greater shareholder returns, and healthier superannuation balances. There was a study released this year by Harvard, for example, which showed that a 10 per cent increase in foreign investment leads to a 2.6 per cent increase in investment back home. And we haven’t even touched on the skills shortage yet. If companies can’t source the right workers in Australia, it makes sense to look elsewhere. To not do so would restrict economic growth. That, in a nutshell, is the argument in favour of offshoring. In short, the most efficient allocation of resources is paramount. Even though it’s sad to see people lose their jobs, there’s a net advantage overall from a macroeconomic viewpoint. But now for the downside. Professor Greg Bamber...
Words: 421 - Pages: 2
...The Negative Effects 1 The Negative Effects of Offshoring Customer Service Com 120 December 1, 2009 Karen Halusek The Negative Effects 2 The Negative Effects of Offshoring Customer Service She is very excited. She just came home with her brand new computer. She and her husband had been saving every extra dollar for quite some time and they were finally able to purchase the computer they had been wanting. They succeeded in getting it set up and excitedly turned it on but could not seem to run it correctly. She called the toll free customer support line, confident that they would have their new computer up and running in no time. The call was answered promptly but she could not understand what the operator had said. She asked, “is this the Computer Company (fictional name)”? The customer service representative responded that it was, at least she thought that was what they said. The representative who answered her call had such a thick foreign accent that she could not understand them. She explained to the representative what the problem was, but she could not understand any of the information given to her. She asked to speak with a different representative; after being placed on hold for several minutes, she had no better luck with the new representative. She and her husband tried several more times to communicate with them, finally hanging up in frustration. They vowed to never purchase another thingamajig from the...
Words: 1634 - Pages: 7
...globe are capitalizing on offshoring to achieve business competiveness. In the last 3 years or so, offshore IT has assumed new forms to include offshoring of business processes. Offshoring of IT is intensifying and firms are strategically leveraging offshore capability and the structural cost savings, while also focusing on deriving operational innovation. Robust models and quality and project management processes are employed to unleash the benefits of offshore IT. The same complexities and challenges still exist, some even growing in their scale and assuming new dimensions. Although many refined and proven managerial and organizational practises and technological tools and infrastructures, are now available, the challenges and constraints involved in managing offshore IT are far from gone. The art of managing offshore IT work is still evolving While there exist tangible and high visibility benefits of offshoring IT operations, they come along with certain riders. We will look at certain hidden costs that have the potential to either reduce savings considerably. Companies that want to succeed in offshoring, shall avoid the below statements. Pursuing the Low-Cost Worker: Offshoring is not only about sending processes to places that will execute at low labour cost. That, today, is no longer the primary reason offshoring is adopted. Quality is of equal or, sometimes, more importance. Businesses, instead, are proceeding with caution and only select offshoring as a strategic option...
Words: 1774 - Pages: 8
...“Outsourcing-Offshore” Outsourcing is said to have emerged a few thousand years ago with the production and sales of food, tools, and other household appliances. As soon as small communities and societies began to form, people with specialized professions began to trade with each other for goods and services. It can be said that each worker was outsourcing some activities to others. Research shows that even in the industrial age, a few thousand years later, very few companies outsourced any of their operations. Companies in the 1800s and 1900s were vertically integrated organizations, taking care of their own production, mining, and manufacturing from raw materials to finished goods as well as then shipping the goods to company owned retail outlets. These companies often handled their own taxes, employed their own lawyers, as well as designed and built their own buildings without outside assistance. This model does not apply to all companies during that time period, but it gives a general idea of the time. The history of outsourcing portrays that as onshore outsourcing continued manufacturing outsourcing of low-tech items such as toys, shoes and apparel goods began to take place. After this manufacturing higher value items like high-tech components and consumer electronics began to appear. In fact outsourcing history demonstrates that manufacturing was the first activity that began to move to offshore destinations in a quest for lower costs. Globalization began during...
Words: 3150 - Pages: 13
...costs. Since the inputs (land, labor and capital) are lower abroad, companies are able to maximize profits. Beside the cost savings, another key factor that managers should consider when outsourcing, is the quality of service. When companies outsource business processes, the managers need to know if outsourcing still brings the same quality. For example, when a company outsources its call center operations abroad, the company needs to know if the call center agents abroad can bring the same quality of communication, expertise, and skills as American call center agents. Although the talent gap has widely decreased over the years, there are still some discrepancies between local and international talents. Differences in cultures, beliefs, work ethic and lifestyle are some factors that cause these discrepancies. Another key factor is the technological level. Can international counterparts bring the same technological advancements to producing a product or service? Manufacturing has been dominated by China due to the economies of scale. As a matter of fact, it would be very cost-effective for American manufacturers to outsource manufacturing in China due to massive development of the manufacturing industry. On the other hand, technological level could also refer to services. It is possible that a foreign country could have...
Words: 529 - Pages: 3
...and source its merchandise from southern Chinese factories resulting in the layoffs of 1850 Australian workers . Pacific Brands’ decision was made to save a company labouring under too much debt – about $740 million at the time – operating in a highly competitive, global market and suffering the impact of the worldwide financial crisis on the company. Australian consumers may love Australian products, but they don’t like paying for them . Pacific Brands CEO Sue Morphett stated that the rise of cheap offshore manufacturing meant that Pacific Brands could no longer afford to make clothes in Australia ... manufacturing in Australia no longer provides any competitive advantage to the company. What are the keys problems and/or issues? Offshoring for the purpose of this discussion can be defined as the relocating of one or more aspects of a firm’s business to another country’s location to lower costs. This makes Pacific Brands as a multi-national corporation (MNC) as according to when an organisation is in the multinational phase of internationalisation, the organisation’s principal concern is to take advantage of production costs in certain countries (Schermerhorn et al, 2011). There are two key issues that we can identify in this case study: 1. The decision to fire company workers: When an MNC outsources, cuts back, or loses a domestic operation to shift work to lower cost international destinations, the loss of local jobs is controversial. The case study outlines many...
Words: 1025 - Pages: 5
...demand for its products. Ford said European car sales across the industry were the lowest in 20 years (BBC News, 2012). The main losses are being sustained within Europe in which Ford operates in 51 different European markets. Ford`s strategy is likely to be offshoring manufacturing of the Transit Van, meaning the closure of its South Hampton Factory with immediate redundancies of 500 employees with closing parts of the Dagenham Plant which will push redundancies to 1400. Although is this likely to be the answer? What will be the effect upon the microeconomic factors? Especially the level of job losses of stakeholders, including suppliers and employees, further down the chain. Is it ethnical of Ford to simply offshore production to a cheaper labour area such as Turkey or is this just a simple case of how Britain’s Manufacturing industry is further declining? Will this damage Fords brand image? More critically, will demand fall for Fords products in Europe during this crucial time in an industry where competition is fierce? This would outweigh any potential saving anticipated by Ford, potentially leaving Ford in more of a financially adverse position than they are currently facing. Offshoring “Offshoring requires careful...
Words: 1626 - Pages: 7
...Company report on cross border offshoring management, cultural dimensions and gamification Table of Contents Table of Contents Executive Summary | p.5 | Chapter I – Introduction1.1 Purpose of the Report1.2 Effects of Globalization on Businesses’ 1.3 Company Background1.4 Outline of the Report | pp.6-7 | Chapter II – Cross Border and Offshoring Management 2.1 Introduction2.2 Defining culture2.3 Defining management and cross cultural management 2.4 Offshoring2.5 Key problems in cross cultural teams2.6 Conclusions | pp.8-11 | Chapter III – Analyzing and Explaining Cultural Dimensions3.1 Introduction3.2 Analysis of cultural dimensions and Country Comparisons 3.2.1 Power Distance 3.2.2 Uncertainty Avoidance 3.2.3 Long term orientation 3.2.4 Indulgence 3.2.5 Individualism 3.2.6 Masculinity 3.3 Limitations of Hofstede’s Dimensions | pp.12-17 | Chapter IV – Gamification4.1 Introduction4.2 Defining and Explaining gamification4.3 Gamification’s effects on business4.4 Examples of gamification4.5 Criticism – The dark side of gamification | pp.18-20 | Chapter V – Corporate Social Responsibility5.1 Introduction5.2 Defining and explaining CSR 5.3 The Foxconn and Apple scandal5.4 Recommendations and Actions | pp.21-22 | Chapter VI – Recommendations to Management | pp.23-24 | Chapter VII – Conclusions | pp.25 | References | pp.26-27 | Executive Summary Executive Summary This report provides an analysis and evaluation of...
Words: 6986 - Pages: 28
...Global vs. International Business We are trying to expand our bicycle business to three new countries. Right now we are domestic in the United States, but we hope that will change in the vast future. We are first faced with the question of whether we are global or international. Obviously the goal for the bicycle company is to be global since we would expand our company in having a physical site overseas. In order to have a physical presence in other countries we may have to buy out a local, favored brand name. So we have to keep that in mind for the future of our business. Base of the Pyramid In order to sell a more expensive product, such as a bicycle, we need to make sure we aren't selling to a civilization that's on the base of the pyramid (earning $2000 or less per year). We would like to sell in an area where market participants earn in the second to top tier ranges in the pyramid. According to Trade Economics (2015), the per capita GDP's for our countries sit at: Japan- $37,595.18, Costa Rica- $5,962.38, and Pakistan- $818.87. Out of the three, the best country to go sell to is Japan if we are solely basing this on affordability. Costa Rica is in the second tier as preferred, but cutting it close to the base of the pyramid. Pakistan may not necessarily be able to afford our product as they sit at the base. Political Systems Japan is a constitutional monarchy which allows one branch of command to limit and balance the power of the monarch. Costa Rica is a democracy...
Words: 1529 - Pages: 7
...Abstract LPO (Legal Process Outsourcing) is currently one of the fastest growing industry as it provide low-cost and time saving services. This study aims to know about LPO, specifically its origin, the services it provide, its quality and satisfaction, its impact in the legal industry and its status nowadays. The theories related to the topic like Transaction Cost Theory and Value Chain Analysis are discussed in theoretical framework. In addition, this research uses descriptive type of design as a method. Finally, conclusions are formed based on the data collected from the instruments used relevant to the topic such as PDF’s, books, and articles from the internet. CHAPTER I Introduction Legal industry operates in a global market place, and both clients and firms are seeking to understand how global outsourcing can add to their business. Lawyers have always outsource work to other lawyers with specialist knowledge. Firms are using their offices in other jurisdictions to do their legal work and offering that services to other firms. (The Law Society, 2011). In the Philippines, Legal Process Outsourcing (LPO) is one of the fastest growing sector in Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry. Many LPO’s have out growth due to increasing demand for legal outsourcing and off shoring abroad. Various U.S law firms chooses Philippines because of its highly educated lawyers who are experts in their fields, high English proficiency, similar with the US legal systems, lower labour...
Words: 4556 - Pages: 19
...Is Offshore Outsourcing of Medical Business Practices Ethical? Abstract The healthcare industry is one of the largest in the United States. The United States spends an estimated $2 trillion annually on health care expenses, more than any other industrialized country (Johnson, 2010). The growth of this industry is expected to continue well into the future. However, today more than ever, healthcare providers are faced with many financial pressures. Offshore outsourcing offers companies substantial savings on costs which improves profitability. Managed care organizations and healthcare providers realize how outsourcing business processes to experts allows them to focus on their core business without worrying about back-office functions (Namasivayan & Bell, 2006). Despite the cost savings, it is important not to overlook some of the issues that may be associated with outsourcing. Is Offshore Outsourcing of Medical Business Practices Ethical? The healthcare industry is one of the largest in the United States. The United States spends an estimated $2 trillion annually on health care expenses, more than any other industrialized country (Johnson, 2010). The growth of this industry is expected to continue well into the future. As the baby boomer population gets older and medical treatments become more and more advanced, those needing medical care will increase exponentially giving rise to an already growing field. Yet, despite...
Words: 3299 - Pages: 14
...Human Resource Roles and Responsibilities Human resource roles and responsibilities are changing because business trends are changing. Technology, e-business, ethics, and globalization are changing the way companies do business and therefore, the human resource management need to make changes to keep up with the new trends. Globalization and Technology During the past century companies have made changes to the way human resource department’s run. Many companies created jobs overseas, which slowed down the hiring in the United States (Noe, R., Hollenbeck, J., Gerhart, B. & Wright, P., 2004). Companies are finding to survive they must compete in international markets and fend off their competitors. Companies are also outsourcing and offshoring the workload in order to compete and pay employees lower pay. Technology is constantly advancing forward. In today’s business world technology is changing rapidly and human resource department find they need to move with it. These days few companies use paper for job applications now businesses rely on the internet which combines data from several sources into a single site. Shared service centers consolidate different human resource functions into a single location (Noe, et al, 2004). Diversity and E-Business Diversity in the U.S. labor force is growing in racial, ethnic, and gender terms. Many U.S. companies have already committed themselves to ensuring they recognize the diversity of their internal labor force and use it to gain...
Words: 591 - Pages: 3
...INSTANTLY!!! http://testbanksolutionsmanualzone.blogspot.com/2013/02/internat ional-business-daniels-14th_11.html Name: International Business Author: Daniels Radebaugh Sullivan Edition: 14th ISBN-10: 0132668661 Type: Test Bank - The test bank is what most professors use an a reference when making exams for their students, which means there’s a very high chance that you will see a very similar, if not exact the exact, question in the test! This is a sample chapter International Business: Environments and Operations, 14e (Daniels et al.) Chapter 1 Globalization and International Business 1) The broadening set of interdependent relationships among people from different parts of the world is known as ________. A) globalization B) offshoring C) franchising D) outsourcing Answer: A Diff: 1 Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business Skill: Concept Objective: 1 AACSB: Dynamics of the global economy 2) Which of the following best defines international business? A) It includes all public economic flows between two or more countries. B) It includes all private economic flows between two or more countries. C) It includes all business transactions involving two or more countries. D) It includes all business transactions in countries other than your home country. Answer: C Diff: 2 Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business Skill: Concept International Business Daniels 14th Edition Test Bank International Business...
Words: 7973 - Pages: 32
...is divided into two parts around the world: the labour force in developed post-industrial economies, which is a very expensive labour and less productive but provided high quality goods and a labour of works from developing countries, which offered low wage rates and few workers rights. In their search for economy and profits, multinationals have become increasingly interested in the potential offered by developing countries in terms of manpower often less expensive than in their countries of origin. Moreover, the deregulation policies pursued in United States during the '80s, have offered to the multinationals more freedom of action and more opportunities around the world. Asia was the cradle of the first movement led by multinationals offshoring, in their search for productive economy. However, this labour has often been misused, paid with low wages, often composed of children, and working conditions which violate international labour laws. It therefore...
Words: 2306 - Pages: 10
