...Ethiopia is a landlocked country in the world and in the Horn of Africa located 9.0167* N and 38.7500* E. Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the 2nd most populous country in Africa. It has a population of 94.1 million people and the life expectancy for the average person there is 42 years old. The country has a high central plateau and mountains reaching over 13,000 feet, it’s in a tropical zone laying in between the equator and the tropic of cancer. Ethiopia has three different climate zones do to the differences in elevation. Kolla is the tropical zone, Woithna Dega is the subtropical zone, and Dega is the cool zone. The western highlands get summer rainfall and the lowlands and eastern highlands are hot and dry, most people live in or near the western highlands as well as the capital, Addis Ababa....
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...Ethiopia in the 20th Century Ethiopia, Africa is known for their perseverance during the colonization in Africa during the twentieth century. Because this nation was one of the few that did not succumb to colonial rule, there is a great pride within the country of Ethiopia. Drastic changes took place within the twentieth century; however, the fortitude demonstrated by Ethiopia can be seen most through their politics, culture, and liberal arts. Ethiopian government went through challenging obstacles from fighting off the Italians to deadly famines. Within the early twentieth century, Ethiopian emperor, Menelik, attempts to make peace with the growing enemy, Italy. In attempt, Italy and Ethiopia sign the Treaty of Uccialli which traded parts...
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...| Addis Ababa University College of Business and Economics Masters of Business Administration Factors influencing the Profitability of Private Commercial Banks in Ethiopia Abraham Redi I.D. No. 1444/07 Section I Submitted to: Matios Ensermu (PhD) Presented as a Partial Fulfillment for the course Business Research Methodology (MGMT601) December, 2015 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia I. Table of Contents Chapter One ……………………………………………………………………………………….1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Background of the Study 3 1.3 Statement of the Problem 5 1.4 Research Questions 6 1.5 Objectives of the Study 7 1.5.1 General Objective of the Study 7 1.5.2 Specific objective of the study 7 1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study 7 1.6.1 Scope of the Study 7 1.6.2 Limitation of the Study 8 1.7 Significance of the Study 8 1.8 Operational Definitions 9 1.9 Organization of the paper 9 Chapter Two ……………………………………………………………………………………...10 2 Literature Review 10 2.1 Measures of Bank Performance/Profitability 10 2.2 Factors Influencing Bank Performance/Profitability 10 2.3 The influence of Bank-specific factors on Bank Profitability 11 2.3.1 Capital Adequacy 11 2.3.2 Assets Quality 12 2.3.3 Management Efficiency: Operational Costs Efficiency 12 2.3.4 Earning ability: Diversification of Income 13 2.3.5 Liquidity 14 2.4 The Influence of Industry-specific Factors...
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...Economics Department of Accounting and Finance THE DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE Evidence from Commercial Banks in Ethiopia By K i b ro m M e h a ri F i s s e h a Reg.No.-CBE/PR0025/01 Research Project Submitted to the Department of Accounting and Finance, College of Business and Economics, Mekelle University, for the partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Finance and Investment Under the Guidance of Aregawi Gebremichael (Ph.D. Candidate) Assistant Professor May, 2010 Mekelle, Ethiopia i THE DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE Evidence from Commercial Banks in Ethiopia By Kibrom Mehari Fisseha Reg. No. CBE/PR0025/01 ii DECLARATION I, Kibrom Mehari Fisseha, hereby declare that the project work entitled “The Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from Commercial Banks in Ethiopia” submitted by me for the award of the degree of Master of Science in Finance and Investment of Mekelle University, is original work and it hasn’t been presented for the award of any other Degree, Diploma, Fellowship or other similar titles of any other university or institution. Place: Mekelle Signature: Date: May, 2010 ………………….. KIBROM MEHARI FISSEHA iii CERTIFICATION I certify that the project work entitled “The Determinants of Capital Structure” is a bona-fide work of Mr. Kibrom Mehari who carried out the research under my guidance. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein does not form part...
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...of Women: A survey of Women Operated Urban Agriculture Enterprises in Wukro Woreda, Tigray Group Members 1. Bersabeh Elias 2. Dagmawit Meried 3. Kalkidan Amdie 4. Kalkidan Wubie 5. Maria Alemu June 21/2014 Addis Ababa Content Introduction ? i. Title page * The title page did not have a page number (which is correct) * The purpose of the research was clearly specified as : A Research Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Development Studies * Name of the researcher is stated: * Advisor and co-advisors are mentioned * Place, Month and year (December 2011) is also mentioned ii. Acronyms Abbreviation should have come before/at the beginning of the proposal next to title page. (The abbreviations are in alphabetic order, which is correct) The following abbreviations are used in the proposal but not found in the list of abbreviations FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization FDRE – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia HIV/AIDS – Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immuno- Deficiency Syndrome MFI – Micro Finance Institution MSE –Small and Medium Sized Enterprises NAP-GE – National Action Plan for Gender Equality NGO – Non Governmental Organization REWA – Revolutionary Ethiopian Women’s Association UN – United Nation UNDP – United Nations Development Program UA – Urban agriculture is put as “UA (Urban Agriculture)” which...
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...Rural Development policy of Ethiopia with particular emphasis on: Market-led agricultural development strategy A term paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course GaDS 503 Development Perspectives and Political theories. By: Nardos Legesse School of Governance and Development Studies College of Law and Governance (M.A Development Management) Hawassa University Hawassa January, 2013 List of contents Contents page 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….…1 2. Working towards market led agricultural development……………………………………….2 2.1 Agricultural developments- key to poverty reduction………………………………...2 2.2 Agricultural development not driven by market forces can’t be rapid and sustainable.3 2.3 The role of markets in productivity of agricultural sector …………………………... 4 2.4 Building an agricultural marketing system…………………………………………....5 2.4.1 Grading agricultural product……………………………………………..….5 2.4.2 Provision of market information………………………………………...…..5 2.4.3 Promoting...
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...Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar. P. O. Box 196, Ethiopia. E-mail: aberhaneth@gmail.com, aberhane2001@yahoo.com. Tel: +251912024213. Accepted 4 June, 2009 This paper reviews and discusses the importance of documenting ethnopharmacological information on medicinal plants. The literature review was done by collecting relevant information from journal articles, workshop proceedings, books and electronic resources. The review sums up the importance of documenting the indigenous traditional knowledge on medicinal plants as being a vehicle for; (i) preserving cultural heritage, (ii) ethnopharmacological bases of drug research and (ii) preserving of biological diversity. Key words: Ethnopharmacology, indigenous knowledge, medicinal plants, biological and diversity. INTRODUCTION Local knowledge of indigenous peoples includes information about the ecosystem in general, but also about specific plants used as medicine, food, building material and the like (Leonti et al., 2003). Establishing the historical depth of medicinal plant use is relevant from a variety of perspectives. Not only would it show definitely that indigenous cultures have an in depth knowledge of certain botanical taxa, which has been transmitted over centuries prior to it becoming important in the context of developing novel pharmaceuticals, but as importantly, such research would demonstrate the historical development of an intricate relationship between a culture and...
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...Mekelle University Institute of Environment, Gender and Development Studies Department of Gender and Development studies A Research Proposal On An Assessment on the role of micro and small enterprises on economic empowerment of women: a Survey of Women operated Enterprises the case of Mekelle city, Tigray In Partial fulfillment of the requirements for obtaining the Masters Degree in Gender and Development Studies By: Tsega Ymesel January, 2015 Mekelle, Ethiopia Table of Content Table page 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 2 1.2 Statement of the Problem 4 1.3 Objective 5 1.3.1 General Objective 5 1.3.2 Specific Objectives 5 1.4 Significant of the Study 6 1.5 Scope and limitation 6 1.6 Organization of the Paper 6 3. Methodology and Materials 7 3.1 Description of the Study Area 7 3.2 Research Method and Procedures 8 3.2.1 Data type and Source 8 3.2.2 Study Design 8 3.2.2.1 Sampling 8 3.2.2.1.1 Sample frame 8 3.2.2.1.2 Sample Size Determination 8 3.2.2.1.3 Sampling Techniques and sample Size 8 3.2.3 Data collection and Instruments 9 3.2.4 Variables of the study 9 3.2.5 Data Processing and Analysis 9 3.2.6 Model Specification 10 REFERENCE 12 1. Introduction There are different ways of defining the term small and micro enterprises in different countries. The base for defining is depends on the number...
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...The study by Ketema, et. al. MoARD,( 2007, pp 149), indicated that in Ethiopia, fresh milk is distributed through the informal and formal marketing systems. The informal market involves direct delivery of fresh milk by producers to consumers in the immediate neighborhood and sales to itinerant traders or individuals in nearby towns. Milk is transported to towns on foot, on donkey and horseback or by public transport, and commands a higher price there than when sold in the neighborhood, to cover transport costs. Dairy production is insufficient to meet demand in most parts of Ethiopia: consumers report that low availability of dairy products is a major reason for not consuming dairy products (Asfaw, et. al. 2011, pp 32-43). A study by Negassa (2009, pp 48-56) in the Arsi zone shows that about 72, 62, 43, and 38 percent of consumers surveyed indicated that their current monthly levels of consumption of fluid milk, edible butter, cheese, and cosmetic butter (used for hair care) respectively are insufficient. This study will therefore conduct to determine factors affecting...
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...AID AND THE DUTCH-DISEASE IN ETHIOPIA Monetary Policy and Economic Research Directorate National Bank of Ethiopia Teferi Mequaninte tefmeq@yahoo.com May, 2005 SECTION ONE Introduction Following the introduction of the Structural adjustment program (SAP) in 1992 to the Ethiopian economy, there was a massive inflow of foreign aid in the form of grants, concessional loans and technical assistance. Net aid1 inflows to Ethiopia during the Derg period were around 7 percent of GDP and are doubled to 14 percent of GDP during the EPRDF regime. These elevated flows have raised a number of concerns, ranging from fears about the effect of aid inflows on the real exchange rate and export performance. The source of anxiety for all this is the Dutch disease problem of foreign aid. While seemingly beneficial foreign aid inflows may generate undesirable effects in the economy. These undesirable effects include a decline in export performance and manufacturing production caused by appreciation of the real exchange rate and resources moving out of manufacturing into other sectors (Timothy,1997). There are also concerns about aid sustainability. Specifically, while LDCs have been forced to take on greater burden of global adjustment, most donor countries have been unwilling to expand financial support for adjustment in the LDCs (Bigsten, 2003). These could be due to different motives by the donor countries. Instead of addressing the most developmental constraints...
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...global problem but in the US women are educated to postpone early marriage and pregnancy until their young body mature to have a child. Also a cure was discovered by two American surgeons J. Marion Sims and Thomas Addis Emmet, that cure was c-section and surgical procedure to fix the tearing of bladder and vaginal tissue. Although fistula is eradicated in industrialized countries, it is still a major problem for young girls in the most impoverished rural and remote area of in the developing countries especially the sub-Saharan African and some Middle East countries. To eliminate fistula several NGO’s have been working with those countries that has been affected by fistula. Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia Foundation (UFE) and United Nation Population Foundation (UNFPA) are to name a few. On this paper we will address on the ngo’s strategic approach on national and international level, are their enough funds available, what ethical issues they are facing, and what are the weakness and strength of the ngo’s approaches toward the problem on international healthcare. Women’s Nightmare: Fistula Among the two fistulas obstetric fistula affects and...
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...History 1122 Research Paper Dr. Yu April 28, 2008 Ras Tafari Makonnen & the Evolution of Ethiopia Let’s go on an expedition far beyond Ohio. Distant from the United States, across sea to Africa! Come and travel to the grand Ethiopia and discover Rastafar! Ascertain the beautiful land, people, values, and government of Ethiopia. Deicide if the Rastafarian movement is where you belong. Voyage to a place in which Haile Selassie is the emperor who deserves the upmost praise from his people for his revolutionary ideas of government. Gain a sense of pride to be not only African but a part of the Ethiopian dynasty of royalty. Let's go... Ethiopia is divided into fourteen administrative units, or provinces: Shoa, Harar, Bale, Sidamo, Gamu-Gofa, Kaffa, Illubabor, Wollega, Gojam, Beghemder, Wello, Arussi, Tigre, and Eritrea. Ethiopia's economy is severely underdeveloped. It has a per-capita income of approximately US$64 a year; about ninety percent of the population earns a living from farming or livestock. Ethiopia's major money crop coffee accounts for nearly sixty percent of the nation’s exports. Ethiopia is also Africa's fourth largest producer of coffee. Skin, hides, and meat are also exported, as are oil seed, oil cakes, fruits, vegetables, and spices. Ethiopia's major trading partners are the U.S, West Germany, Britain, Italy, and Japan. The population of Ethiopia is estimated at between twenty-two and twenty- seven million. Throughout much of its history, the county has...
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...Research proposal Title: The role of cobblestone on youth unemployment reduction in Adigrat city Adigrat UniversityCollege of Business and Economics Department of Management/ MBA by Amanuel Teklu Aregawi teklu Dawit Hagos Berihu Gebremeskel 1.INTRODUCTION Cobblestones are small, chiseled rectangular stones formerly used to cover road surfaces ,typically either set in sand or similar selected material, or are bound together with mortar. Paving with cobblestones allows a road to be heavily used all year long and not getting muddy in wet weather or dusty in dry weather. Cobblestones set in sand have the environmental advantage of being permeable paving, and of moving rather than cracking with movements in the ground. INTRODUCTION con’t It was in early 2005 that the concept of using cobblestones to construct roads was first introduced to Ethiopia. Faced with fast-growing cities, inadequate urban infrastructure, and a large youthful population in need of employment, the Ethiopian Government turned to an innovative solution: Cobblestone road production throughout the country, driven by community participation and local materials. In recent years, cobblestone road creation has become one of the most successful infrastructure and job creation programmes in the country, with tremendous benefits for the urban poor. It has created hundreds of thousands of jobs, greatly improved urban mobility, and built collaborative relationships between communities and local...
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...International Journal of Economics, Business and Finance Vol. 1, No. 11, December 2013, PP: 431- 446, ISSN: 2327-8188 (Online) Available online at http://ijebf.com/ Research article Determinants of Loan Repayment Performance of Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Kalu District, South Wollo Zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia Zelalem Gebeyehu1*, Hassen Beshire1 and Jema Haji2 1 Department of Economics, Wollo University, P.O Box. 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia. * Corresponding author Email: zelalemgebeyehu1936@gmail.com 2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Haramaya University, P.O Box.138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. ____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT In this study to compare defaulters and non-defaulters in terms of different explanatory variables and determine the extent of default in the repayment of loan offered to smallholder farmers in the study area were assessed. Smallholder farmers require improved agricultural technologies, knowledge and inputs such as fertilizer, improved seeds, pesticides and others that help to increase production and productivity thereby transforming their farm structure and capacity. Large investment cannot be made by the farmers out of their own funds because of their low level of incomes. Even though there are attempts to solve these rural financial difficulties by the government through extending rural financial institutions, because of social, economic and institutional factors, a number of...
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...Now a day’s most of foreign aid to Ethiopia comes from the western countries and other multilateral organizations. Comparatively the total flow of foreign aid has increased under the current regime due to changes in policies which meet the interests of donors, and adoption of a market-oriented economic system. Since the policy change by the present regime the magnitude of aid has increased continuously. Following the change of government in 1991 and the adoption of the structural adjustment program in 1992 in particular, the country has received a significant amount of aid. A large inflow of concessionary loans and grants has occurred since 2001, following the issuance of the first poverty reduction strategy paper (known as the Sustainable...
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