...| The accession of Croatia to EU: A timely change for EU? | | | | | | Introduction This paper discusses the path of Croatia to the European Union. It explains all the different challenges Croatia faced in order to be able to comply with the EU standards and obligations. There is the Fundamental Rights chapter that presents the arguments that showing the great effort that Croatia has put in adopting new frameworks in all areas of the chapter. After, there are the benefits and risks that Croatia could face after EU accession. Some concerns about the economic crisis are mentioned from the public opinion and other EU members’ point of view. Finally there is a conclusion explaining what Croatia could benefit from or be deprived of by joining the EU, followed by a last explanation if there are still challenges in the political criteria. The path to the European Union The war in Croatia cost them loss of a whole decade in the path to European Union. In particular the war was detrimental for the economy. Was Croatia lagging behind to meet EU standards back then? Was there enough stability or any limitations toward accession to EU? The first step towards EU was on 29th October 2001 when Croatia signed the Stabilisation and Association Agreement in Luxembourg, becoming a potential candidate for joining the EU. All candidates which aim in joining the EU have to adopt the EU’s legal patrimony known as acquis which contains 31 chapters. The process of integration...
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...features are a common fiscal common currency, harmonized tax rates, the pooling of foreign exchange reserves, and monetary policy. (Cerdeira, 2009) The EMU is a major step in the integration of the economy of the European Union. It involves the coordination of economic and fiscal policy of the same coin policies, some countries took the next step to the next stage and adopted the euro as its currency, and these countries are part of the euro area. (EC, 2014) " One Market, One Currency " is what the European Commission defined as a geographical area where the economy is a single currency and where risks can be managed and has flexibility among country. This would make cuts of a country being adversely affected by an external shock, but the EU was having more social and employment laws that reduce market flexibility. (Heathcoat- Amory, 2012) According Mundelll (1961), there are three conditions that countries need for a successful common currency to be beneficial: first external shock can not have that can you hit individual countries that are part of the EMU, the second condition is...
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...for EU Law and Institutions Winter Semester 2013 Lecturer: Dr. Anke Steinhoff Tobias Wilms BA International Business Table of contents Introduction 1. 1.1 1.2 2. 2.1 2.1.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 3. F The Existence of a dominant market position The relevant market UBC´s position on the relevant market Abuse of the dominant position Behavior vis-à-vis the ripeners The clause prohibiting the resale of bananas while still green Price policy Discriminatory prices Unfair Prices urther Submissions 4. 5. 6. Relevance of Case 27/76 Reference List Affidavit Introduction History of the United Brands Corporation In the year 1970 the United Brands Company (UBC) was established and registrated in New York after the merger of the United Fruit Company and the American Seal Kap Corporation. In 1974 the multinational corporation became the most powerful corporative actor on the worldmarket of bananas, which accounted for 35% of the worlds export. Its European Subsidiary, United Brands Continentaal B. V. (UBCBV) registered in Rotterdam, was responsible for the distribution of bananas inseveral european countries, with an accumulated market share of 45% in the European Economic Community (EEC). Background of the Case 27/76 Several corporations from different european countries filed a complaint concerning the dominant market position and its abusement of UBCBV to the European Commission. One year later the Comission intituted proceedings (pursuant to Article 3 (1) of Regulation No...
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...markets for many years to come. Their responses in regulating fields such as credit rating agencies, derivative markets and hedge funds will be crucial in relation to economic recovery. Over the course of our essay, we will also discuss areas such as international trade, geo-political issues and the role of monetary authorities in the future as the global economy aims to bounce back from the worst downturn since 1929. We will begin our assessment by first taking a look at the future regulation of financial markets. Regulation of Financial Markets Credit Rating Agencies Credit Rating Agencies (CRA) are responsible for assigning a credit rating to financial instruments such as bonds, companies, governments, etc. By current regulation any financial instrument must receive a credit rating from at least two CRAs. The problem with this is that there are only three companies which control roughly 85% of the market. These companies are Standard & Poors, Moodys and Fitch. The need for regulation in this market is now coming under increasing pressure. These companies first came under scrutiny after the collapse of Enron because the company still had a top AAA rating one week prior to filing for bankruptcy but subsequently the credit rating agencies were overshadowed by the failures of auditors and thus were never regulated more sternly. Another problem with these CRAs is that they offer “advisory services” which creates huge mark ups for the firms. Basically, companies pay...
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...University of Helsinki | Cotton International World Trade | International Agricultural Trade and Trade Theory [MPOL18] | | Kwen Jinhee, Hardy Thomas, and Ng Earl | 27/02/2014 | | Table of Contents Introduction 3 The major producers, consumers, exporters and importers in January 2014 3 Major producers 3 Major consumers 4 Major exporters 4 Major Importers 5 Statistics since 1980 6 Major Producers 1980-2013 6 Major Consumers 1980-2013 7 Exporters 8 Importers 8 Price Trend 9 Amount of land used 10 Policies endowment of cotton world trade 10 China 10 India 12 United States of America 13 Pakistan 14 Brazil 16 Conclusion 17 Appendices 18 References 20 Introduction Cotton fiber is the most important natural fiber in the world. Cotton farming is a very old activity. Cotton is used for fabric since prehistoric times. Cotton is a plant fiber that surrounds the cotton seeds that are below to the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost entirely constituted with cellulose. It is the most widely natural fiber used for clothing in the world. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, 2.5% of the arable lands in the world are used for the cotton production. Cotton represents one of the most important agricultural commodities on the international world trade. Almost all the production is situated in the North hemisphere. In fact, there is a few numbers of actors in the cotton trade. Therefore, most of them can influence...
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...Employee’s rights V. Social Securities VI. Unions VII. Conclusion I. Introduction As is the case almost in all European countries, Spanish labor law is very understandable and ensure protection for employees. According to the definition labor law is a body of law that govern the employer-employee relation, including employment contract. The relationship between employer and employee is more than the exchange of labor for money it is also covers workplace rights and a large group of regulation on issues such as protection from discrimination, wages hours and health and safety. Labor law also deals with individual and collective relationships between employees and employers. The economic crisis of 2008 showed that the Spanish labor model was not working out. The labor legislation change in 2012 in order to be more suitable in a time of crisis within the labor market, the legislation modifies the institutional framework ( the system of for formal laws, regulation, procedures informal convention, customs and norms that shape socioeconomic activity and behavior.).The sources of labor law in Spain come from the constitution of 1978 as “ the international labor organization agreement. II. Employment contract The employment contract can be in writing or verbal form, but a verbal contract is...
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...The EU in the New World Order (3 Videos) Questions: 1. Who has the power to represent the EU internationally? The president of the European Commission, the high Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the head of delegation of the EU to third countries (e.g. the US),and the president of the European Council. 2. Of which of the following international organisations is the EU a (full) member? The FAO and WTO, two conditions need to be fulfilled: 1) The EU must have the power (as conferred by the Member States in the Treaties) to become a member, 2) the international organization must allow the EU (which is not a state) to become a member. Consult, for instance, Art. 4 of the UN Charter 3. What is the EU in international law? Rights and obligations. It is not a state or is a regional integration organization with a very extensive measeur of international legal personality (at 47 TEU) 4. Who represents Europe in the world, in external affairs and treaty negotiations with 3rd countries or international organizations, High representative of EU for foreign affairs and policy: created by the Lisbon treaty , it is also the vicepresident to the European Comissions. Head of state, Europe is represented by 2 persons: permanent president of European Council and President of the European Commission (more for classical competences of the EUUU). And Rotatic council. World wide diplomatic network of the European Union: EU ambassadors, EU delegations...
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...language as a resource of internal and international activity of “nations without states”. bulat n. khalitov, kazan state power engineering university, kazan, russia The issues of language and language policy have become the objects of interest of different branches of political theory nowadays. From one side the basic reason for this is the fact that language can play an important role (either positive or negative) in the context of different political processes developing in the world and also in the context of a growing number of confrontations and conflicts, which often have linguistic diversity at their basis. From the other side, the development of political theory within the framework of general “linguistic turn” that influenced almost all social sciences leads to the studying of language policy aspects. In modern world linguistic diversity and other language issues have turned into a significant basis of contradictions that influence stability of different societies. In Western Europe we can distinguish several types of unsolved problems which have to do with language. Diachronically the most important and most severe are conflicts between the dominant language group and various linguistic minorities historically rooted in some areas within the state borders. As an example we can name linguistic conflicts in Belgium (Flanders), Spain (Catalonia and Basque country), Italy (South Tirol), Switzerland (french- and italian-speaking cantons). ...
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...UNIT 40 INVESTIGATING INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS BTEC NATIONAL INTRODUCTION. The international nature of business is evident to anyone who, for example, buys an iPod from Apple or insurance from Aviva. Many brand names are recognised throughout the world as organisations increase demand for their products by expanding from a national to an international market. Initially, the nature of the international business environment will be considered by looking at the size and importance of international markets. Governments encourage businesses to trade internationally but protectionism is also common. International business is regulated not just by national governments but also by transnational trading arrangements promoted by trading blocs such as the European Union and global agencies such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both large and small businesses trade internationally but doing business internationally is often more complex than doing business in the home market. Consideration will be given to the issues facing a domestic (UK) business when it expands its operations into the international sphere. However, some insights can be made by considering issues faced by overseas businesses as they have expanded their operations by moving into the UK market. Tesco has had very limited success in extending operations into France and Carrefour has had similar problems in establishing operations in the UK. However, they both have had more success in Malaysia and...
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...4 Staffing, recruiting and training 24 2.4.1 Staffing 24 2.4.2 Recruiting 27 2.4.3 Training 27 3. The Numbers 27 3.1 Strict rules for efficient and transparent budget implementation 32 3.1.1 Separation of functions 32 3.1.2 Use of standard documents 32 3.2 Controls of the budgetary procedure 32 3.2.1 Internal controls 33 3.2.2 Internal audits 33 3.2.3 External controls 33 4. Evaluation and conclusion 34 4.1 SWOT analysis 34 4.2 Conclusions 35 Section B. Personal and professional development 36 1. Getting a Placement 36 2. Placement year objectives 37 3. Placement experiences 38 References 40 Appendices 43 List of tables and figures Figure 1. EP Locations Source: BBC.com (2014) 9 Figure 2. EU Coverage Source: EP Visits and seminar unit (2013) 13 Figure 3. Strasbourg centre Source: European Parliament (2014) 14 Figure 4. Brussels Centre Source: European...
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...Unit 1/ Task 1 - Understand the Organisational Purposes of Businesses The author’s local business development office, a Government funded department has been authorised to produce a report which will promote the diversity of future businesses. As a result of a successful pilot project the council has requested that a project report be written which will detail the diverse types of business within the local area. In a bid to assist future business owners and leaders to gain understanding of varying business environments the author within task 1 will now go on to; identify the purposes of different types of businesses, describe how an organisation meets the objectives of different stakeholders and explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them. ‘’ In our lives we come into contact with a great assortment of organisations with many form types and usually with very different objectives.’’ (Business Essentials, 2007, p. 3) In order to understand the importance of diversity within a business it is important to first identify the varying purposes of different organisations. The purpose of an organisation can differentiate hugely depending on why they were set up. Examples of this would be that Starbucks operate to make a profit, whilst Help for Heroes on the other hand does not as it is a voluntary organisation. There are many different types of organisations serving different purposes to meet a variety of needs. There are three predominant...
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...Spanish banking sector will be described. The last chapter of the thesis will present an analysis of the reforms made, using legal intervention. It will be concluded with a general point of view regarding the present situation of the Spanish banking system, the potential results of the current measures and the perspectives of new reforms. Contents 1 | Introduction | | 2 | Introducing the Subprime Crisis i. The subprime crisis: origins and evolution ii. Implications of the mortgage bubble The Spanish Banking sector: Before and after i. The evolution of Spanish economy until the Subprime Crises ii. A unique model in Spain: Banks and Spanish Savings Banks iii. Spanish economy snapshotThe change in the banking sector regulation | | 3 | * Banking regulatory failure and moral...
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...European Commission, DG Internal Market and Services Unit E2 STUDY ON THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE ELECTRONIC COMMERCE DIRECTIVE FINAL REPORT | 7 SEPTEMBER 2007 Study on The Economic Impact of the Electronic Commerce Directive COLOPHON Authors Dr. Claus Kastberg Nielsen, Mr. Christian Jervelund, Ms. Karin Gros Pedersen, Ms. Benita Rytz, Mr. Eske Stig Hansen, Mr. Jacob Lind Ramskov Client Date: DG Internal Market and Services, European Commission 7 September 2007 2 Study on The Economic Impact of the Electronic Commerce Directive TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary.........................................................................................................4 Preface 6 Chapter 1 Main findings............................................................................................7 1.1. Intermediary providers and certain online merchants have benefitted already.......12 1.2. Cross border trade and productivity growth.........................................................12 1.3. Contractual obligations in consumer contracts may hinder cross border trade......14 Chapter 2 The impact of specific provisions............................................................16 2.1. Limited liability provisions ..................................................................................16 2.2. E-contracts ..........................................................................................................23 2.3. Information requirement...
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...Product Team Cialis (Validus): Getting Ready to Market Christopher Cashen – 5545586 Date: Monday 18th January 2010 MG511 Strategic Marketing Management Assignment Submission Student Name: Christopher Brendan Cashen – 55455863 MMK1 - MBS in Marketing Cialis (Validus) Case Study Programme: Project Title: Module code: MG511 Lecturer: Project Due Date: Ms. Joanne Lynch 18-Jan-2010 Declaration I the undersigned declare that the project material, which I now submit, is my own work. Any assistance received by way of borrowing from the work of others has been cited and acknowledged within the work. I make this declaration in the knowledge that a breach of the rules pertaining to project submission may carry serious consequences. I am aware that the project will not be accepted unless this form has been handed in along with the project. Signed:_____________________ 2 Table of Contents Introduction – Page:4 External Marketing Audit – Page: The Market – Page: 6-11 Competition – Page: 11 - 14 Internal Marketing Audit – Page: 14 Strategic Issues Analysis – Page: 14 - 21 SWOT Analysis – Page: 21-24 Marketing Objectives – Page: 24 -25 Marketing Mix Decisions – Page: 25 - 29 Organisation and Implementation – Page: 29 -31 Control – Page: 31 -32 Bibliography : 33- 34 4- 6 3 Introduction Through extensive External and Internal analysis, the formulation for the best fit strategy has been developed and refined to suit the resources, culture and infrastructure...
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...European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) as amended by the Treaty of Lisbon (2007) 2008 1 THE LISBON TREATY The Readable Version Editor: Jens-Peter Bonde © IND/DEM Group in the European Parliament email: jp@bonde.dk Cover: Henry Abela Publisher: Foundation for EU Democracy Printed at Notat Grafisk, Denmark - 2008 ISBN: 87-87692-72-4 EAN: 978-87-87692-72-4 2 Introduction The Treaty of Lisbon changed name from the "Reform Treaty" when it was amended and signed in Lisbon, Portugal, by the prime ministers and foreign ministers of the 27 EU Member States on 13 December 2007. The treaty retains most of the content of the proposed EU Constitution which was rejected in the French and Dutch referendums on 29 May and 1 June 2005, respectively. The Lisbon Treaty amends the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC), which is renamed "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union" (TFEU). Following the parliamentary ratification of the Lisbon Treaty by all Member States by the end of 2008, it is aimed to have the Treaty come into force on 1 January 2009. Whereas the EU Constitution was to be subjected to a referendum in ten Member States, only Ireland is holding a referendum on the Lisbon Treaty. This is a consolidated version of the Treaty of Lisbon, including all articles in the TEU and the TFEU as amended by the Treaty. It also contains the 11 new protocols annexed to the Lisbon...
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