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Everyman by anonymous
The time of death is uncertain for everyman. An anonymous author in the late fifteenth century wrote this morality play that shows how a single character handles the news of his death and how he prepares for it. The main character referred to as “Everyman” is visited by death. God is grieved by the unrighteousness of man so he sends death to send Everyman on a pilgrimage (Gyamfi & Schmidt, 2011).
Everyman is also required to bring with him a reckoning of his days on earth. In the play, Everyman expresses that he needs more time to gather up his things and organize his book of reckoning but death informs Everyman that there is no second chance (Gyamfi & Schmidt, 2011).
Everyman calls on his goods to go with him on the journey to death and Goods rejects the offer because he belongs in the world and no one truly owns goods. Everyman is distraught by the news and searches for other people and things to go accompany him to his death. Fellowship, cousin, kinsmen sympathize with everyman on his demise but they are unable to go on such a dreadful journey. Everyman turns to his good deeds to accompany him on this journey but good deeds is weak because Everyman did not do many good works in his life time. Everyman was more focused on his material things rather than taking care of others (Gyamfi & Schmidt, 2011 p 277). Good deeds refers everyman to knowledge because knowledge can lead everyman to a place of forgiveness. Through forgiveness and confession, Everyman is able to revive his good deeds. This play shows that good deeds and knowledge are the only two things in life that endure till death. In fact the author expresses that without good deeds, everyman will not make things right with God (Gyamfi & Schmidt, 2011). Towards the end of the play, everyman loses beauty, his five sense, discretion and strength because these things are considered earthly possessions and are unable to go with everyman to God. A thought stimulating theme in this play is the worthlessness of all earthly possessions. Material possessions, friends, beauty, discretion, and five senses will not be useful when a man is faced with death and judgment. In the world today, people are concerned with material things and often forget God and abandon doing good deeds to help others. Self-centeredness and gathering up of earthly treasures prove non beneficial to the soul of everyman. The scriptures show in Mathew 6:19-21 that treasures on earth can be destroyed or stolen but treasures in heaven are forever. In order to build treasures in heaven.
This morality play implies that death is sent from God when a man sins. This perception is portrayed in the first scene where God spoke about the unrighteousness on earth. God said in lines 52-63 that he hoped that everyman will make it to his mansion in heaven and thus he sent salvation. Now it seems that everyman has rejected salvation so he is sending his death messenger to do justice. People have turned to angels for sense of spiritual meaning in this evil world. Brock (1999) said that although angels are sent to guide and guard people on earth, angels can be difficult messengers. The job of a messenger (Angel) is to make people pay attention God. The death messenger is this play is a difficult messenger because he was sent to bring everyman to his end. The call to reckon before God was not pleasant to everyman because he was not ready to face God.
Any man that forsakes God through sin faces death. The Bible says in Romans 6:23 that, “The wages of sin is death”. It is no wonder that God sent death to everyman in this play. The author’s perspective about death could be based on this scripture. Everyman was given a chance to experience life through salvation but chose the path of sin and God sent death as a reward. The penalty for sin cannot be avoided as the author shows in line 69. God said that Everyman shall in no wise escape death. Everyman tried to ask for mercy but at the point of death, it is too late to make up for the sins of the past.

Death is a highly feared phenomenon by all people. The permanence of death elicits fear in people. Everyman in the play is terrified by the death messenger because he knows that there is no return from the pilgrimage of death. Riley and Green (2012) state that the uncertainty of the unknown creates fear before a person dies. Although Everyman knew that he would go to hell if he was unable to account for his good deeds, many people in the world today lack knowledge of where the soul goes after death. The feeling of fear erupts when someone is faced with an uncertain situation. Death is seen as a dreadful thing and all the characters in the play except good deeds and knowledge expressed fear of death.

Due to the permanence of death, the author shows that there is no repentance after death. In the line 915 of the play, the Doctor said “for after death amends may no man make” (Gyamfi & Schmidt, 2011, P 286). While there is still life, everyman has a chance to repent. Alaohuru (2012) said that one who refuses to repent will face damnation in hell fire. This view is seen throughout the play Everyman. God sent his son to give man the opportunity to be saved. God’s mercy endures till a man dies. At the point of death, there is no second chance to make things right.

To get make it right with God, Everyman needs to show his good deeds on the day of reckoning. “Good deeds” in the play is weak and needs help from knowledge in order to go with Everyman. Proverbs 24:5 says that a man of knowledge enhances his might. Everyman needed knowledge in order to get to confession where he asks for forgiveness. According to Mantzaridēs (2011), the starting point of knowledge is the realization of one’s ignorance. This realization helps one avoid arrogance and conceit. Everyman came to a realization that he needs good deeds in order to be in good standing with God so he utilized his knowledge to seek forgiveness through confession (Gyamfi & Schmidt, 2011).

In order for human kind to be cured of sin, it must realize its condition and humbly confess (Mantzaridēs, 2011). True knowledge of God is not acquired through intellect; it comes by communing with God. Everyman in this play forsook communing with God and lost his good deeds temporarily until he acquired knowledge.
In summary, the play Everyman is a morality play used to show people that earthly things are worthless. Without good deeds, there is damnation in hell fire. God is merciful but when he sees that everyman is more focused on earthly things and engulfed in sin, he sends the messenger of death to give judgment. Everyman is over shadowed by the physical things he sees on earth and he abandons God. Cassata (2013) said that the best way to know God is through faith. Everyman lost faith and got entangled with goods. The Bible says in Mathew 6:33 that people should seek God first rather than material things because he can provide those things.
There is no repentance after death and everyman must die alone without any built up earthly treasures. These views are shared in the play to help increase morality of people and encourage more good deeds rather than self-centeredness. Although death is fearful due to its permanence and uncertainties, good deeds can save a man from hell fire.

References
Alaohuru, C. C. (2012). Repentance and Remission of Sins: CHAPTER NINE: CONSEQUENCES OF REFUSING REPENTANCE AND REMISSION. Culture & Religion Review Journal, 2012(1), 82-85.
Brock, R. (1999). Difficult Angels: Messengers from God are not cute cherubs: Their job is to make us pay attention to what God wants us to know. Church & Society, 89(5), 13-21.
Cassata, J. (2013). TO KNOW GOD. Catholic Answer, 27(5), 29-33. Gyamfi, Y. A., & Schmidt, M. R. (2011). LITERATURE AND SPIRITUALITY: EVERYMAN. Glenview IL: Pearson.
Mantzaridēs, G. I. (2011). Self-knowledge and knowledge of God according to St Gregory the Theologian. Phronema, 26(2), 11-25.
Riley Jr., C. E., & Green, G. (2012). TAKING THE STING OUT OF DEATH: A CHRISTIAN EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVE. Education, 133(1), 158-170

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