...TOPIC SUBJECT HEADINGS For use in Online Catalog (OPAC) SUBJECT HEADINGS For Sample Database Searches Abortion Abortion; Pro-Choice Movement; Pro-Life Movement Abortion Acid rain SEE ALSO Pollution Acid Rain Acid Rain Adoption (interracial, unmarried persons, gays) Adoption; Gay parents; Interracial adoption Adoption AIDS AIDS (Disease); AIDS (Disease) in children AIDS (Disease); Pediatric AIDS (Disease) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Anorexia and Bulimia SEE Eating disorders Athletes and drugs Doping in Sports Drugs and Athletes Banking Bailout (2008) Bailout Battered women SEE ALSO Wife Abuse Abused women Conjugal abuse Birth control Birth control; Contraception Birth control; Contraception Black Reparations Movement Reparations; Slavery--Law and legislation Reparations Body language Body language; Gesture; Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication Bullying Bullying Bullying; Cyberbullying Business ethics Business ethics; Corporations - Corrupt practices Business ethics; Business enterprises, Corrupt practices Capital punishment (Death Penalty) Capital punishment; Death row Capital punishment Cancer Cancer--Prevention SEE ALSO types of cancer, such asBreast--Cancer Neoplasms--Prevention and Control;Cancer Treatment Censorship SEE ALSO Freedom of the Press Censorship; Prohibited...
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...cheap newspapers, magazines, and dime novels offered proselytizers of the old values new forms of communication. The End of Reconstruction Reforms in the South seemed unlikely in 1877 when Congress resolved the previous autumn’s disputed presidential election between Democrat Samuel Tilden and Republican Rutherford B. Hayes on the backs of the nation’s freed blacks. A compromise gave Hayes the presidency in return for the end of Reconstruction and the removal of federal military support for the remaining biracial Republican governments that had emerged in the former Confederacy. With that agreement, Congress abandoned one of the greatest reforms in American history: the attempt to incorporate ex-slaves into the republic with all the rights and privileges of citizens. The United States accepted a developing system of repression and segregation in the South that would take the name Jim Crow and persist for nearly a century. The freed people in the South found their choices largely confined to sharecropping and low-paying wage labor, especially as domestic servants. Although attempts at interracial politics would prove briefly successful in Virginia and North Carolina, African American efforts to preserve the citizenship and rights promised to black men in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution failed. Immigration Immigrants entered every section of the country in large numbers except for the South. They settled in northeastern and midwestern cities and...
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...The history of the Mexican American spans for over four hundred years in the United States and continues to play a major part in the evolution and growth in today’s society in America. Throughout their history here in the United States, Mexican Americans have been subjected to many years of discrimination simply because of their race, culture, language, and ethnicity. According to Public Broadcast System (2010), between 1850 and 1880, 55,000 Mexican workers migrated back to parts of the United States that once had actually been owned by Mexico, but now was considered to be the United States. These Mexican workers were considered a vital part of the work force for the economy in the United States, but worked for very low wages; many of them having to work in situations that were considered in-humane. Prejudice dealings were among the many things that the Mexicans had to face. The working conditions alone could be considered a prejudice. Just because the workers were willing to work for a lower wage and forced to live and work in-humane environments proved to be a form of discrimination. In the 1920’s there was a social prejudice against Mexicans, they were viewed as a threat to the health and morals to the rest of the society (National Park Service, 2004). In 1930 it was recommended that the classrooms be segregated between the Mexicans and the Americans. In fact, it was encouraged that the schools be segregated completely form one another (National Park Service, 2004). In...
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...advancing a group of people or organization whose significance lies in their uniqueness. This advancement is not a literal, physical progression, but rather a symbolic movement with the intent to foster support and progress past some deeply imbedded issues. Today in the United States, we are at the center of attention for a social movement that is quite literally, a physical movement. Illegal immigration from Mexico and South American countries continues to be one of the most controversial and debated matters of public policy. The United States allows for an annual limit of roughly 675,0001 immigrants to legally enter our borders, which is extremely conservative relative to other countries. This very limited number forces the majority of immigrants from south of the border to either enter completely illegally, or overstay a temporary work visa issued by our government. While dealing with these illegal aliens serves to be a contentious problem by itself, an even more pressing issue rises to the surface when debating the rights of their children. Thomas Humphrey Marshall described the evolution of citizenship from civil, to political, and finally to social. This idea of social citizenship explained the governmental rights that citizens were guaranteed, “to live the life of a civilized being.”2 The two institutions “most closely connected with it are the educational system and social services.”2 Although speaking about Great Britain in the 18th, 19th, and 20th century, Marshall’s...
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...Gonzalez 1 Rachel Gonzalez AP U.S. History Mr. Cranston 20 March 2015 Chapters 12 and 13 Essay Assignment Major themes of history evolve as time progresses. From the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, massive shifts occur. Regarding work, exchange, and technology; America in the World; politics and power; as well as ideas, beliefs, and culture, the evolution between the centuries have changed the significant themes throughout the United States. Work, exchange, and technology play a huge role in Americans lives throughout each century. People rarely used money; services and products were paid for mostly through trades and barters. Home and work were not separated; they were the same place. Nobody stuck to a schedule; things were done as needed. Skills were acquired through apprenticeship. An apprenticeship lasted from three to seven years. Apprentices lived with their masters during this time period, while trading knowledge for labor. However, women were not allowed to have such apprenticeships. Women gained knowledge of domestic skills through their mother, as it was assumed that the women would marry. Some women would work respectably as: servants, laundresses, seamstresses, cooks, and food vendors—or not respected as prostitutes. Men directed the lives of family members and apprentices: deciding occupations for sons, marriages for daughters, etc. Women (the wives) were responsible for: food, clothing...
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...Assignment 1.2: Industrialization After the Civil War Strayer University- HIS 105 August 3, 2014 After the Civil War, the United States went through a period of rapid industrialization which affected the nation dramatically. Industrial growth, the spread of railroads, the rise of big businesses, and the appearance of labor unions during these decades created a modern industrial economy, and American workers and farmers faced new challenges in adapting to these changes. There were three major aspects of industrialization that influenced U.S. society, economy, and politics; the emergence of big business, new technological innovations, and the spread of railroads. Between 1867 and 1920, the United States was transformed from an agrarian, rural nation to an urban, industrial economy. Small, locally owned firms were replaced by large, nationally based corporations. Corporate structure became hierarchical and bureaucratic because these large firms involved complex operations that needed to be organized. Besides vertical integration, this period also involved horizontal mergers, which fueled fears of monopoly power. (Ballam, 1994). Steam power began replacing water power, allowing factories to be built far away from water sources. Steel became the basic building material for machinery instead of wood and iron, thanks to the Bessemer process, therefore machines became larger and more resilient. Thomas Edison invented the moving picture and the light bulb, which made it possible...
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...owned businesses. Soon people began leaving farms to move into cities to work in factories. Assembly lines were introduced during this era. They made it possible to mass produce products. These jobs were usually monotonous and dangerous. On an assembly each worker was responsible for specific part of the product. They no longer had the freedom or working for themselves. Employers hired unskilled labor which most of the time were women and children. Americans now were working for someone else and were working long hours for little pay and treated miserably, which led to horrible working conditions. Iron and steel had become big business during this time. The economy had grown due to the new industries that were developed. Immigration also increased because more and more people were coming to America to take advantage of the new job opportunities that were being developed such as steel, iron, railroads and other factories. Industrialization brought a variety of manufactured goods along with grim employment and living conditions for most people (History.com, 2009). Political corruption was the...
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...History revision America 1890-1945 Time line Key: Bold and Underlined show events, policies or people of influence to US history from 1890-1945 RED: Political GREEN: Economic BLUE: Social BLACK: International affairs 1890- The accession of the Idaho and Wyoming brings the number of states in the Union to 44. The US Census notes that there is no longer a moving frontier in the American West. The Sherman Antitrust Act passed by Congress. 1896- William McKinley’s election victory marks the beginning of a lengthy period of Republican political dominance. 1898- Victory in the Spanish-American war marks the rise of ‘American Imperialism’ and establishes control over Cuba and the Philippines 1901- Theodore Roosevelt becomes president after the assassination of McKinley. The Platt Amendment is passed by Congress 1904- Thedore Roosevelt proclaims the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine after etsablishing US influence over Panama. 1905- President Roosevelt acts as mediator in the Treaty of New Hampshire ending the Russo-Japanese War. 1912- New Mexico and Arizona achieve statehood, bringing the number of states in the Union to 48. The Republican Party splits; Theodore Roosevelt runs for president on behalf of the ‘Bull Moose’ Progressive Party, ensuring the defeat of President Taft. Woodrow Wilson wins the Presidency for the Democrats 1914- War begins in Europe. The USA proclaims neutrality. President Wilson send US forces to occupy the port of Vera Cruz in Mexico...
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...Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States Review: The Third Generation: Reflections on Recent Chicano Historiography Author(s): David G. Gutiérrez Source: Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Summer, 1989), pp. 281-296 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States and the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1052091 . Accessed: 01/05/2011 16:00 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucal. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive....
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...history. The catalyst in the world of health care economics is money, . In 2010, health care costs were roughly 17.68% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) with a projected growth to 19.8% by 2020 (Cummins, 2011). Spurs in higher utilization, advancements in medical care, and the ever increasing population are the major contributing factors influencing such a change. This paper will look at the birth and evolution of health insurance, while diving into the microeconomics and supply versus demand aspect of healthcare. History- The Birth of Health Insurance From the bartering of the early 1800s to the development of the health care reform bill, methodologies in the funding of health care services have been forever changing with an increasing price tag. In the early part of the 20th century, the country’s knowledge of medicine began to grown and with it so did the fees associated with this knowledge. Poverty drove the need for the development of a functioning health care economic system. Labor conditions and illnesses related to immigration created an environment in which individuals could no longer predict their impending medical needs or the associated costs. An answer to this dilemma came in the form of the earliest health care insurance providers and carriers. The beginnings of health insurance can be traced back to just after the time of the Civil War, when the basis for a plan was based off of an accident. Illness-based health care delivery...
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...by providing the Time Period/Date(s) in column B, and the Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History in column C. See complete instructions in the Syllabus for the Module 3 assignment entitled. “Timeline Part II.” NOTE: The timeline project does not need to be submitted to turnitin. NOTE: Please write your answers in a clear and concise manner. Limit your submission of the Timeline Part II up to 250 words per topic/subtopic. For example, if a topic is divided into 3 subtopics, you may write a maximum of 250 per subtopic listed. Be sure to cite all sources. Major Event/Epoch in American History | Time Period/Date(s) | Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History | 1) The evolution of the institution of slavery from the Colonial Period to the 1860s. | 1600s-1860s | Slavery was the main source of manual labors in the southern territories after the invention of cotton gin; since the machine increase the profitable cash and required more manual labor- leading to the plantation system. Prior to this event, slave trade was mostly involved in New England- the triangle trade, which keep the flow of slaves to Europe in exchange for molasses; the main ingredient for rum making. | 2) The socio-cultural impact of the abolitionist movement including: a) The effect of Uncle Tom’s Cabin b) The Kansas-Nebraska Act c) The Compromise of 1850 d) The Underground Railroad | a) 1851-1852 b) 1854 c)...
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...types of microcultures; it will look at Vietnamese, Jewish, and Vegan cultures and compare them to mainstream Canadian culture. The subsequent comparative analysis aims at finding differences in an attempt to better understand and communicate more effectively, by clarifying the common misunderstandings that arise when communicating with different microcultures, whether in business or everyday life. Vietnamese Background/History/Evolution Representing one of the largest non-European sub-cultures in Canada, the Vietnamese community ranks 5th in terms of size and comprises just over 150,000 individuals. Concentrated in metropolitan areas, close to 60% of the population resides in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver or Calgary (Statistics Canada see Appendix B). Despite currently being a sizable group, this sub-culture was virtually non-existent prior to the Vietnamese war that took place between 1964 and 1975. It wasn't until the conflict arose that thousands of Vietnamese were uprooted, creating one of the largest refugee communities in North America (Immigration encyclopedia). Consequently, the greater majority of the community are foreign born, at approximately 70%. This starkly contrasts with the greater Canadian population who comprise of only 18% foreign born citizens. Nevertheless, statistics Canada indicates that most...
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...people of diverse cultures that should be given equal status with the Australian mainstream. Australian citizenship is then invoked as the glue that binds these different groups into a national unity. The multicultural account of Australia as a nation of diverse cultural groups has been taken over by the Australian Citizenship Council in its prescriptions for Australian Citizenship for a New Century.2 The Citizenship Council eschews any notion of common national identity or shared culture in favour of 'public acceptance of diversity' and abstract civic values. Such values underpin citizenship, according to the Citizenship Council, and these together define and unite Australians. In the following paper we give a critical account of the evolution of multicultural policy and...
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...It’s not everyday that one gets to hear about arm wrestling, sumo wrestling, and stances on immigration reforms in one neat presentation. Spare Parts Author, Joshua Davis, came to St. Luke’s today to share some of this philosophies and life experiences with the students. Although arm and sumo wrestling may not seem like beneficial experiences for students to hear about, Davis highlights the importance of stepping out of one's comfort zone to reach a higher understanding of the world around us. “By suddenly putting myself out there, I become a nationally ranked arm wrestler.” Joshua said, which shows how beneficial it is for one to give new things a try. Joshua Davis is a contributing writing to Wired Magazine, and also is co-founder of Epic Magazine. Epic...
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...especially when it conflicts with our views; this description accurately describes the decade. There were numerous cultural conflicts, such as the KKK, immigration, religion, social reform, and prohibition. Prohibition was one of the more controversial topics at the time because of its great dispute. Between 1920 and 1933 the manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcohol was prohibited under the 18th Amendment. Although it was a law, it was not something people simply conformed to. Millions of Americans were still willing to drink, smuggle, and even make their own alcohol illegally. The distribution of alcohol was considerably more complex than other crime, as it needed to be. Eventually organized gangs arose and controlled entire distribution chains between local distilleries, breweries, and speakeasies. Progressively, the gangs in different cities started operating together, sparking organized crime in multiple regions of the nation (Wallenfeldt). Because of the nationwide deviation from more enduring social standards, religion was often put aside; it was no longer the focal freedom that it once was. Major conflicts that often resulted in court cases between religion and science were not uncommon. A major case that summed up this conflict was the Scopes trial: John scopes was found guilty of teaching Darwin’s theory of evolution, which was illegal at the time. This disagreement led to many separate court cases and banning laws. ...
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