...people believe that daylight savings time comes with many benefits such as how it decreases energy usage. However that claim among others is mainly false and the problems caused by daylight savings time are much more relevant. Because of the confusion and dangers, we should eliminate daylight savings time therefore ending the negative effects. Though some may argue that exposure to artificial lighting can lead to health issues as well as being wasteful of energy. Many people who think we should keep daylight saving time think “energy not only could be wasted but over-illumination can lead to adverse health and psychological effects” (text 2 lines 1-4). However the counter argument’s importance is little compared to the time shift causing sleep deprivation and putting people’s lives at risk as “the effects on health and healthcare devices, especially when adequately not prepared in advance for the time change” (text 2 lines 33-36). The disturbance in sleep patterns puts people far more at danger. The time shift caused by daylight saving time causes many people to lose...
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...July 2002 • NREL/TP-550-30769 A Literature Review of the Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupants L. Edwards and P. Torcellini National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 July 2002 • NREL/TP-550-30769 A Literature Review of the Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupants L. Edwards and P. Torcellini Prepared under Task No. BEC2.4002 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States...
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...feasibility report, project definition and drawing development stages. First of all, the Environmental Management System of Loughborough University shall act as the main guideline of the client need. On the other hand, the design work shall satisfy specific sustainability specification such as BREEAM New Construction Technical Manual SD5073-2.0:2011. Goal #1 Water consumption The water strategy is designed to increase efficiency of water use, with consideration to the huge water consumption of the new laboratory. Key objectives: 1. Reduce the consumption of portable water for sanitary use from all sources. 2. Reduce unregulated water consumption by introducing water efficient experiment equipment. 3. Ensure and reduce the impact of water leak on the main water supply, with emphasis to the branch pipe in connection with the experience equipment. Goal #2 Carbon management The carbon management strategy aims to minimise the electricity and gas needs, eventually reduce the total CO2 emissions at the Loughborough University for 43% by 2020 as compared to...
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...ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2 INTEGRATED DESIGN MUHAMAD NAZMI FITRI BIN ABD AZIZ 2014406812 INTEGRATED DESIGN Integrated design is a collaborative method for designing buildings which emphasizes the development of a holistic design. INTEGRATED DESIGN IMPROVES THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS. The conventional definition of integrated design is that project team members from all disciplines work together early and often throughout the project design process. ORIGINS OF MODERN-DAY INTEGRATED DESIGN Integrated design has become a buzzword in the green building world. Everyone claims to do it, although not everyone understands it in the same way, and not everyone is successful at it. DESIGN FEATURES THAT BENEFIT FROM INTEGRATION * DAYLIGHTING * GREEN ROOFS * EXPOSED THERMAL MASS Conventional building design usually involves a series of hand-offs from owner to architect, from builder to occupant. This path does not invite all affected parties into the planning process, and therefore does not take into account their needs, areas of expertise or insights To a growing number of building owners and designers, this linear process needs to change. The process they prefer is called integrated design. It’s built around better communication and more planning. Through the use of integrated design, owners and designers are able to build better, less expensive buildings. The problem is that even though integrated design has been around for nearly a decade...
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...BUILDING GREEN - PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES BUILDING GREEN - PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES CHANDRA PRAKASH KAMANA1- V.S.R.S SARMA SALAGRAMA2 chandraprakashk66@yahoo.in svsrssarma353@gmail.com Dr. E.E ESCULTURA3 escultur36@yahoo.com 1&2: B.Tech Mechanical , G.V.P College of Engineering and Student Members, Indian Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air conditioning Engineers, Visakhapatnam Chapter 3: Research Professor, Lakshmikantham Institute for Advanced Studies and Departments of Mathematics and Physics, GVP College of Engineering, JNT University, Madhurawada, Visakhapatnam, AP India Abstract Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for future generations. A sustainable building, or green building is an outcome of a design which focuses on- environment friendly design, energy efficiency, water conservation, rain water harvesting, sewage treatment, recycling of treated effluent, zero waste water discharge, fire safety, excellent indoor air quality, day lighting, and building management including lighting controls by lux level as well as occupancy, and fresh air on demand. Air conditioning consumes nearly 25% of world energy and a major contribution can be made by this industry towards reducing global warming. We keep our homes and work places cool in summer and warm in winter. The sum total of all...
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...Module 14 Demand-side management sustainable energy regulation and policymaking for africa MODULE 14: DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT page iii CONTENTS 1. MODULE OBJECTIVES 14.1 1.1. Module overview 14.1 1.2. Module aims 14.1 1.3. Module learning outcomes 14.2 2. INTRODUCTION 14.3 3. WHY PROMOTE DSM? 14.5 4. WHAT DRIVES DSM? 14.7 4.1. Cost reduction and environmental motives 14.8 4.2. Reliability and network motives 14.10 5. TYPES OF DSM MEASURES 14.13 5.1. Energy reduction programmes 14.13 5.2. Load management programmes 14.31 5.3. Load growth and conservation programmes 14.34 6. INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ON DSM 14.37 7. CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING DSM PROGRAMMES 14.39 8. CONCLUSION 14.41 LEARNING RESOURCES 14.43 Key points covered 14.43 Answers to review questions 14.43 Exercises 14.44 Presentation/suggested discussion topics 14.45 Relevant case studies 14.45 REFERENCES 14.46 INTERNET RESOURCES 14.47 GLOSSARY/DEFINITION OF KEY CONCEPTS 14.47 Case study 1. Lighting retrofitting in the United Republic of Tanzania 14.49 Case study 2. United Republic of Tanzania: Power factor correction 14.59 Case study 3. Zambia: Automatic load control and alternative energy supply at Lusaka water and sewerage company 14.67 Case study 4. Zambia: University energy assessment 14.73 Case study 5. Why DSM initially failed in Ghana 14.79 PowerPoint presentation: ENERGY EFFICIENCY Module 14: Demand-side management 14.87 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING TRAINING...
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...Name: Christopher Buxton Course Title: Diploma of Management Unit Code: Develop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability Unit Code: BSBSU501A Assessment1. 1. Review the case study information provided and determine all legislative and regulatory documents that describe compliance requirements for this company. After reading the case study for the Tiny Opera Company I have determined through my own research that the following legislative and regulatory requirements will need to be adhered to so that they are compliant. To start off the Tiny Opera Company will need to have their own Code of Conduct available to all employees and anyone attending the venue. This code of conduct will outline through Key principles what the company’s expected behaviours are and how everyone should conduct themselves while employed at the venue in all areas of employment. Having a code of conduct in place will make sure that everyone who is attending the venue whether employed or as a patron/customer conducts themselves in a way that shows respect for each other in a positive manner. Tiny Opera Company will need to also have Safe Work Procedures in place and will need to meet the obligations of the Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011 and the NSW Work Health and Safety Act 2011, this so that it has steps in place to prevent accidents & injuries when employees are undertaking tasks so that potential hazards can be eliminated and/ or controlled at the venue to protect everyone...
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...Sustainable Habitat mission – Climate Change action plan for Chandigarh The good building is not one that hurts the landscape, but one which makes the landscape more beautiful than it was before the building was built. - Frank Lloyd Wright A National Mission on Sustainable Habitat was launched to improve energy efficiency in buildings, manage solid wastes and modal shift to public transport. The Mission aims to promote energy efficiency as an integral part of urban planning and urban renewal through three initiatives: (i) The Energy Conservation Building Code, which addresses optimization of building energy demand; (ii) Recycling of material and Urban Waste Management with a special focus on producing power from waste, biochemical conversion, waste water use, sewage utilization and recycling options wherever possible and others; (iii) Better urban planning and modal shift to public transport to ensure efficient and convenient public transport. In addition, the Mission will address the need to adapt to future climate change by improving the resilience of infrastructure, community based disaster management, and measures for improving the warning system for extreme weather events. Capacity building would be an important component of this Mission. As part of the Mission for Sustainable Habitat and Green Code for Chandigarh, detailed action plan and guidelines have been prepared by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) which could be City’s vision for sustainability. Chandigarh...
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...178.703 Assignment 1 General discussion of time allocation and foregone earnings -----Article review of A Theory of the Allocation of Time Yumeng Han 13132283 Introduction Time is the most precious resource during the producing processes and the daily life, it is a vector which cannot be regenerated or repeated. What’s more, from the economic point of view, Klein (2002) indicated that the technology revolution improved the productive forces and efficiency, advancement of medicine also extended the average length of life of people, while the basic unit of time itself would not change at all. Under this situation, economists and other experts are always working on the strategies of the allocation of time for single person, families and organizations. Based on Gary Becker’s work in 1965, this article will talk about several subjects related to the time allocation. Firstly, it will focus on the foregone earnings, which can be regard as the reason of allocating the time. Secondly, this essay will give a short discussion of the theory of the allocation of time. In the last part, it will present some arguments of the limitations about the theory and some other economic models. Foregone Earnings In the reality, during a constant period of time, if people attempt to be able to do something, they always need to give up the chance of doing other things, and the differences between the benefits brought by the two groups of things could be called as the foregone earnings...
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...Term Paper for Communication We communicate in many different mediums. Modern communication is predominantly shaped by the advancement in technology. The human race has come a long way from “tribal epoch” to the “electronic epoch”. (Wood 305-308) However, the electronic approach to communication has grown exponentially during the last decade. Most communication mediums we use today such as cellular phones, the Internet and television are all associated with advancement in technology. In many ways the electronic mediums are similar to the natural form of communication, while they are different on other levels. Modern mobile cellular phones deliver messages similar to the traditional phones, but this new medium has changed the nature of communication. The modern structure of wireless global communication was predicted in 1945, with the “geostationary” radio communication “satellite”, long before the cell phone was ever invented. (Clarke 305-308)The geostationary satellites are positioned on a specific Even today cellular phones use radio technology similar to FM or AM radios. The invention of the traditional landline telephone has created an “interpersonal medium” (Burkell 312-323) with which one person can communicate personal messages to another person verbally. Today because modern cellular phones have revolutionized the device, now it can do much more than just two way communication between two individuals. The wave of smart-phones introduced to the market has created a...
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... Introduction Light pollution is increasingly becoming a problem that is affecting astronomical facilities, ecological habitats, energy and human heritage. In England, between 1993 and 2000, light pollution increased by more than 24% (Campaign to Protect Rural England, n.d). In addition, the amount of truly dark sky reduced significantly from a sixth to a tenth of the country. The major world cities are densely populated, and also contain towering skyscrapers. People living in these cities who venture outdoors in the evening can almost feel blinded by the intrusive outdoor lighting. One of the major cities in the world that has been affected the most by light pollution is Hong Kong, where the night skies are more than 1000 times brighter than the acceptable global levels. In order to fight the rising problem of light pollution, there is need for governments, businesses and individuals to join hands to ensure that the effects are mitigated. This paper discusses the effect of light pollution on wildlife and human beings, and provides solutions to the problem. Background Light pollution can be defined as any light that shines outdoors and has an effect on natural landscapes and/or living things (Jacobson, 2012). In modern cities, for example, lights from buildings and streets illuminate the night skies causing most stars to seem invisible. These effects can be noticed both in the urban center, as well as for several miles outside of that center. Mizon (2012)...
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...Research Proposal in Technical Writing Tropical Design: An Eco-Friendly and Energy Saving Design for Residential Structure Submitted By: Gutierrez, Shiella Mae DL. Submitted To: Mr. Jesus Escuro 1st Semester 2011 Introduction Background of the Study “Do not fight forces, use them.” - (R. Buckmister Fuller) Tropical design is an environmentally conscious design technique in the field of architecture or simply described as designing with nature. This design minimizes the environmental impact of the building by enhancing efficiency and controls the use of materials, energy, and development space. There is an attempt to preserve air, water, and earth by choosing economically friendly building materials. Tropical design could contribute to the environment through its sustainable properties which minimizes too much use of electricity by using the natural energy as alternative. This research is conducted because it is a proof that both man and his natural environment can live in perfect harmony. The tropical conditions in the Philippines affect the high temperature, and low air flow which affect on the comfortable indoor environment. With this design approach, it can contribute to a sustainable lifestyle and culture. Tropical architecture can be a solution in preventing global warming because of its eco-friendly materials used in construction and the design itself. This design is important especially for those who are living in the tropics like the Philippines...
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...in Texas’ history, local climatologists are forcasting one of the worst droughts since the 1950’s when Texas rainfall dropped 30-50% lower than normal and temperatures rose to incredibly abnormal highs (Brown, Texas Punishing dry spells). As a result water supplies ran so low that many communities had to import water from outside states, many local farms and ranches failed and the state’s demographics became skewed due to the high number of relocated families (Brown). This drought and its effects were some of the worst since those seen in 1908 when Bowder springs was completely depleted, the Trinity River was pumped dry, and all water storage along the river proved inadequate (Turner, Long Range Water Supplies Plan). Due to the brevity of time available to find a solution, many studies have been enacted in efforts to find a viable solution to the potential water losses. We present to you in parts 1 and 2 our findings on possible scenarios for water conservation and outside resources should our current available resources become depleted. Part 1: Solutions for Replenishing Depleted Local Water Resources Sourcing Water from Local Aquifers When many think of the valuable underground natural resources that are found in Texas, oil and natural gas are sure to be at the top the list for most people. And by and large they are correct, but there is one resource that is a part of every area of commerce and livelihood in Texas, Water. Fresh groundwater access and conservation is a present...
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...GREEN BUILDING GUIDE Design Techniques, Construction Practices & Materials for Affordable Housing RCAC GREEN BUILDING GUIDE Design Techniques, Construction Practices & Materials for Affordable Housing Principal Author Craig Nielson, LEED AP Rural Community Assistance Corporation Co-authors Connie Baker Wolfe Rural Community Assistance Corporation Dave Conine Rural Community Assistance Corporation Contributor Art Seavey Rural Community Assistance Corporation Design Dave Conine Sharon Wills Rural Community Assistance Corporation Managing Editor and Production Sharon Wills RCAC Corporate Office: 3120 Freeboard Drive, Suite 201, West Sacramento, California 95691 916/447-2854 | 916/447-2878 fax | www.rcac.org Published by Rural Community Assistance Corporation (RCAC), a nonprofit organization dedicated to assisting rural communities achieve their goals and visions by providing training, technical assistance and access to resources. RCAC promotes quality, respect, integrity, cooperation and commitment in our work. Copyright © 2009 RCAC. All rights reserved. For reprint permission, please call 916/447-2854. Disclaimer: The material in this document has been reviewed by RCAC and approved for publication. The views expressed by individual authors, however, are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of RCAC. Trade names, products or services do not convey, and should not be interpreted as conveying, RCAC approval, endorsement or recommendation...
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...Facilitate…”). In addition to this, “the rules would limit flights to daylight and visual-line-of-sight operations, include height restrictions, operator certification, aircraft registration and marking, and operation limits” (“Regulations Will Facilitate…”). Some specific rules include, “A small UAS operator must assess weather conditions, airspace restrictions and the location of people to lessen risks if he or she loses control of the UAS” (“Regulations Will Facilitate…”). As well as, “Flights should be limited to 500 feet altitude and no faster than 100 mph” (Regulations Will Facilitate…”). These regulations are an attempt to ensure as much safety in what could become much crowed airspace from just over our heads to where helicopters and low flying aircraft currently...
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