...1 Executive Summary In 1971, Michael Cowpland and Terry Matthews incorporated and formed the company Mitel. They achieved immediate success with products that were composed of semiconductors, while they also sold semiconductors. They quickly achieved market dominance in the communications sector. As the communications sector became increasingly regulated by government, some of Mitel’s major customers lost market share resulting in fewer sales for Mitel. This resulted in Mitel’s competitors advancing ahead of them in industry dominance. Over time, Mitel was sold and resold with its share value increased, decreased, and then increased again but to only a fraction of what it used to be. Mitel continued to be a company that stayed rooted to its initial specialities in the communications industry. As other sectors developed to the extent that the communications sector only occupied 0.5 per cent of the overall market, Mitel has been unable to diversify such that its future is again dependant on unforeseen changes in the industry. It is critical that Mitel achieve the ability to secure product to enable further product development and enhance its research and development so it may diversify its products and balance its products among various markets, so that event changes in a particular market will not compromise the entirety of Mitel. 2 Overview In the 1960s, semiconductors were developed and quickly became the “backbone of all electronic devices. Consumer electronics...
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...Theories of Systems Analysis and Design for Integrated Business Solutions Xin Tian Herzing University Theories of Systems Analysis and Design for Integrated Business Solutions Introduction The word system comes from the Greek work “systema” defined as an organized relationship among functioning components or units. Business system analysis and design breaks down the entity’s components into its basic constituents for the purpose of studying how each component works with other components in the fulfillment of the business purpose (Grady, 2007). Business system analysis and design entails identifying the goals of an enterprise. Next, the analyst develops systems that will fulfill these goals through studying the basic components of the system with the aim of fulfilling the business’ goals in an efficient way. The analysis aspect of the system deals with what the systems should do while the design part outlines how the system will fulfill its purpose. A basic system will consists of two or several interrelated constituents. Each element of the system will consist of three properties. 1) Each component affects the functioning of the entire system. 2. Each component is affected by at least one other component in the system. 3. All subsystems of the components have the first two properties. Systems analysis and design for integrated business solutions entail three levels. The first level is the...
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...Theory : The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. Derivatives provide up to four timing circuits in one package. The 4017 is an integrated circuit which has been designed to count pulses. It has 16 pins and looks like any other 16 pin integrated circuit. They can be used in timing circuits and are often used to switch on and off LEDs or motors or other circuits. They are versatile and relatively simple to put together. Counters such as the 4017B are cheap and yet surprisingly useful. The 4017 is most useful when combined with a timer such as a 555 based circuit. The pulse from the 555 timer can be used to activate the 4017B circuit. A 555 a stable circuit is used to pulse the 4017B at regular intervals. The pulse from the 555 IC is generated from pin 3. In the circuit seen below, pin 3 of the 555 IC feeds into pin 14 of the 4017B (called ‘clock in’). When this occurs pin ‘A’ of the 4017B emits current, lighting its LED. The next pulse from the 555 IC results in pin ‘B’ of the 4018B IC emitting current and lighting its LED. Description of Design: In our project we aimed to display a simple design to clear the Idea of our circuit . We made a white and rectangular shape box, and put the LEDs with the push and switch at its flat. That will make it easy to turn On and off without seeing the...
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...silicon have made these developments in microelectronics possible. Silicon based microelectronic devices have revolutionized our world in the past three decades. Integrated circuits, built up from many silicon devices (such as transistors and diodes) on a single chip, control everything from cars to telephones, not to mention the Internet. Silicon technology is still the most reliable and cost-efficient way to fabricate large microelectronic circuits. Semiconductors have played an amazing role and have impacted technology in many ways. Every technology product we use in the modern world is created with silicon and depends on semiconductors. The earliest semiconductor device was a diode which let electricity flow in only one direction. Integrated circuits are called micro chips which are complex circuits that are made of many miniature chips of semiconductor and made of silicon. These chips are packaged in a plastic casing and the fine wires inside the chip link to the pins outside. Microchip is the integration of a whole CPU onto a single chip or on a few chips and greatly reduced the cost of processing power. The integrated circuit processor is produced in large numbers by highly automated processes. A microchip or microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit, or at most a few...
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...silicon have made these developments in microelectronics possible. Silicon based microelectronic devices have revolutionized our world in the past three decades. Integrated circuits, built up from many silicon devices (such as transistors and diodes) on a single chip, control everything from cars to telephones, not to mention the Internet. Silicon technology is still the most reliable and cost-efficient way to fabricate large microelectronic circuits. Semiconductors have played an amazing role and have impacted technology in many ways. Every technology product we use in the modern world is created with silicon and depends on semiconductors. The earliest semiconductor device was a diode which let electricity flow in only one direction. Integrated circuits are called micro chips which are complex circuits that are made of many miniature chips of semiconductor and made of silicon. These chips are packaged in a plastic casing and the fine wires inside the chip link to the pins outside. Microchip is the integration of a whole CPU onto a single chip or on a few chips and greatly reduced the cost of processing power. The integrated circuit processor is produced in large numbers by highly automated processes. A microchip or microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit, or at most a few...
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...development of the microprocessor. All digital computers use electronic switches. These switches represent binary digits or bits. The first computers used vacuum tubes as switches to represent on-or-off binary data, but vacuum tubes had many problems. Without the invention of the transistor, microprocessors and the modern computer would not be possible. Bell Laboratory engineers John Bardeen and Walter Brattain invented the transistor in 1947 (transistor). Transistors consumed less power than vacuumed tubes and were microscopic in comparison, this allowed smaller, faster, and more reliable computers to be designed and used. The invention of transistors set the stage for the invention of the integrated circuit and then the microprocessor. The inventor of the first practical integrated circuit in 1959, was Robert Noyce. According to Berlin, “Robert Noyce has...
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...our overall strategy to compete in each relevant market segment, we use our core competencies in the design and manufacture of integrated circuits, as well as our financial resources, global presence, and brand recognition. We believe that we have the scale, capacity, and global reach to establish new technologies and respond to customers’ needs quickly. At Intel, we strive for transparency in how we do business and interact with our stakeholders. This section of the website is intended to provide content and links to key corporate information including a corporate profile, strategy, general corporate documents including board committee charters, and links to corporate governance & ethics, corporate responsibility, and executive biographies. We are the world's largest semiconductor chip maker, based on revenue. We develop advanced integrated digital technology, primarily integrated circuits, for industries such as computing and communications. Integrated circuits are semiconductor chips etched with interconnected electronic switches. We also develop computing platforms, which we define as integrated hardware and software computing technologies that are designed to provide an optimized solution. Our goal is to be the preeminent computing solutions company that powers the worldwide digital economy. We are transforming from a company with a primary focus on the design and manufacture of semiconductor chips for PCs and servers to a computing company that delivers complete...
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...Raymond Moenich III IC IC stands for Integrated Circuits. An IC is a semiconductor circuit that has more than one component on the same substrate material. Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby are both credited with the invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 and 1959. ICs are also called chips and are used for a variety of applications, including audio and video equipment, microprocessors, and automobiles. ICs are classified by the number of electronic components they contain. SSI stands for small-scale integration and contain up to 100 electronic components per chip. MSI stands for medium-scale integration and contain 100 to 3,000 components per chip. LSI stands for large-scale integration and contain 3,000 to 100,000 components per chip. VLSI stands for very large-scale integration and contain 100,000 to 1,000,000 components per chip. ULSI stands for ultra large-scale integration and contain more than 1 million components per chip. The very first prototype IC was made by Kilby in 1958 and contained only one transistor, several resistors, and a capacitor on a single slab of germanium, and had fine gold “flying wires” to interconnect each component. This design was not pratical to manufacture because each flying wire had to be individually attached. Noyce came up with a better design, in 1959, called a “planar” design. In a planar IC all the components are etched on a silicon base, including a layer of aluminum metal interconnects. The first planar IC was constructed by Fairchild...
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...Third electronic generation was between 1964 to 1971. Innovations in this era include the use of integrated circuits, or ICs which were invented by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce . ICs are semiconductor devices with several transistors built into one physical component. Computers were able to run different applications at same time with a program that control the memory. There were invented a lot of techniques to improve proccesing. For example multiprocessing - execution of multiple processes using more than one processor in a system. Also computers were smaller in size, cheaper , faster and more reliable. Some of the most known computers in the third generation are IBM 360, Honeywell-6000 series, CDC 3000, Nokia 4004 and TDC-316. The most known computer from this generation is...
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...based on revenue.[4] It is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers. Intel Corporation, founded on July 18, 1968, is a portmanteau of Integrated Electronics (the fact that "intel" is the term for intelligence information also made the name appropriate). Intel also makes motherboardchipsets, network interface controllers and integrated circuits, flash memory, graphic chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing. Founded by semiconductor pioneersRobert Noyce and Gordon Moore and widely associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove, Intel combines advanced chip design capability with a leading-edge manufacturing capability. Though Intel was originally known primarily to engineers and technologists, its "Intel Inside" advertising campaign of the 1990s made it a household name, along with its Pentium processors. Intel was an early developer of SRAM and DRAM memory chips, and this represented the majority of its business until 1981. Although Intel created the world's first commercial microprocessor chip in 1971, it was not until the success of the personal computer (PC) that this became its primary business. During the 1990s, Intel invested heavily in new microprocessor designs fostering the rapid growth of the computer industry. During this period Intel became the dominant supplier of microprocessors for PCs, and was known for aggressive and sometimes illegal tactics...
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...The time line of the progression of computers and computer technology. * 500bc the Abacus was first recorded to be used in China. The Abacus was not an electronic machine, but a hand held tool that could temporarily store and work with large numbers. * 1820 Charles Babbage designs the first mechanical analytical engine, but did not have the technology and resources available to construct the Babbage Differential engine until 1991. When constructed by a team from the science museum in London, they used techniques that would have been available in Babbage time, to prove that the design would have worked in his time. It took a total of six years to construct but was successfully done and proved his Babbage design was sound and could have been implemented in his own time. * 1890 Hollerith Machine was successfully constructed by Herman Hollerith to assist with the US Census * 1933 Telex was conceived during at the time Germanys Third Reich, it allowed input of information to be delivered worldwide on paper as an output. * 1937-1942 John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry created the first digital electronic computer known as the Atansasoff-Berry Computer ABC for short. It was the first to use modern digital switching techniques and vacuum tubes as switches, and it introduced the concepts of binary arithmetic and logic circuits. * 1943 during WWII Military needs leads Tommy Flowers in completing a secret British codebreaking computer called Colossus and was named...
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...Introduction to Microprocessor A microprocessor is a single chip integrating all the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. It includes all the logical functions, data storage, timing functions and interaction with other peripheral devices. In some cases, the terms 'CPU' and 'microprocessor' are used interchangeably to denote the same device. Like every genuine engineering marvel, the microprocessor too has evolved through a series of improvements throughout the 20th century. A brief history of the device along with its functioning is described below. Its Working It is the central processing unit which coordinates all the functions of a computer. It generates timing signals, sends and receives data to and from every peripheral used inside or outside the computer. The commands required to do this are fed into the device in the form of current variations which are converted into meaningful instructions by the use of a Boolean Logic System. It divides its functions in two categories, logical functions and processing functions. The arithmetic and logical unit and the control unit handle these functions respectively. The information is communicated through a bunch of wires called buses. The address bus carries the 'address' of the location with which communication is desired while the data bus carries the data that is being exchanged. Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU) This part of the central processing unit deals with operations such as addition, subtraction...
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...Science Impacting Modern Life Colorado Technical University November 25, 2013 Abstract As I grow to understand on life in this world I realize that computers are a big part in the way we live our life everyday such as our workforce and for our personal use. For most homes now carries a computer or some type of tablet, a smartphone or some types of handheld electronics products and over the past decades, I have experiences that computers and other devices are better equipped in storing information faster than ever. For the past few years’ we have learned that over the past decade computer had improved and designs in more ways since 10 years ago. I have learned and have discussed how the electron spin of atoms hints at a new approach in the computer revolution for the near future. In this paper I will discuss new ways in development in material science which allowed many changes in the life of computers and the essential properties of the life in which has influenced the industrial of computers. Science Impacting Modern Life The three essential properties of every material are 1: the kind of atoms of which it is made, 2: the way those atoms are arranged, and 3: the way the atoms are bonded to each other” and (Trefil and Hazen), stated that “Based on our understanding of atoms and their chemical bonding, we now realize that the properties of every material depend on three essential features, such as As we learned we will realize that all materials have difficult...
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...PROJECT REPORT ON SANGUINOSCOPE Under the guidance of: Submitted by: Miss. Navdeep Kaur Harmanpreet Kaur (2009ECA1157) Bhawna Sharma (2011ECA1464) Anuradha Sharma (2011ECA1457) Aabha Bhandari (2011ECA1109) Shahbaaz Singh (2011ECA1453) CANDIDATE DECLARATION We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in this Project entitled “SANGUINOSCOPE” by our group in partial fulfilment of requirement for the MAJOR PROJECT submitted in Electronics and Communication Department. PSPICE is an authentic record of my own work carried under the supervision of “MISS. NAVDEEP KAUR” .The matter presented in this project has not been submitted by us in any other University/Institute for the award of MAJOR PROJECT. Candidate Name: HARMANPREET KAUR (2009 ECA 1157) BHAWNA SHARMA (2011 ECA 1464) ANURADHA SHARMA (2011 ECA 1457) AABHA BHANDARI (2011 ECA 1109) SHAHBAZ SINGH (2011 ECA 1453) This is to certify that the above statement made by the...
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...that competitors tried to match. Apart from this, IBM’s high-priced lease strategy, backed by excellent customer service, also contributed to the rapid rise of the company’s fortunes. This leasing system tied the company to its customers, thus guaranteeing a steady cash flow. Over the years, IBM’s traditional focus on service, combined with a successful sales force, always gave it a competitive advantage. Another of IBM’s strengths is its successful alliances and joint ventures with computer, software, and marketing companies such as Intel and Microsoft. These ventures helped IBM achieve product innovation and differentiation and enter new markets. IBM’s contention system can also be considered as strength. In this system, project teams design competing product prototypes and a series of committees at all managerial levels debate the costs and benefits of each project over a time period. This resulted to the approval of generally successful projects. Furthermore, the product group structure which was implemented during the restructuring of the ‘90s proved to be very successful. In this structure, the divisions were organized around products instead of functions and each group had control over its manufacturing and marketing. Weaknesses IBM’s major weakness was its ‘mainframes were king’ corporate mindset. The company focused too much in protecting its mainframe market because they thought that nothing can beat mainframes and that ‘big machines meant big revenues’. This in...
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