...brilliant players such as Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter, and Tony Williams playing in his rhythm section. Together they brought forth the invention of Funky Soul Jazz with George Coleman as the tenor, which Wayne Shorter later came to replace. Very predictable of Miles, he changed his style again, this time a unique mix between Hard Bop and Free Jazz. After this movement was fully established by Miles, surprisingly enough, he changed again, he just could not keep a straight pace. He brought in Chick Corea, electric keyboards, and doubled up sopranos as rock influenced his new style better known as Fusion. Two...
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...Abdul Bagrahiay English 1A Professor Ferns July, 7th 2016 Concept Essay Drafting Assignment 3 I have chosen a topic instead of doing conducting field research I will do Hip hop, where it was originated and where it was from? And how it has evolved over the years? How it is nowadays? The term hip hop is a big thing nowadays and it was found in New York, among black and latino ghetto. The main components of Hip Hop are Rap, Break Dancing, Graffiti, In south Bronx 1967 came Clive Campbell. He is a well known hip hop founder and his name was a big thing in those years. The hip hop originated in 60th and 20th century and it still exists today. https://prezi.com/m/uwz8x4klgu2w/where-did-hip-hop-originate-and-who-were-its-founders/ The hip-hop culture began in the streets of New York City over twenty-five years ago and it has gone through very big changes through the years of the past. Hip-Hop consists of four element, rap, graffiti, break-dancing, and the disc jockey. In this paper, I intend to fully explain the evolution of rap music, from its fame to the giant industry it is today. I will complete a big paper of how hip hop has evolved and is eve loving in the modern day. http://employees.oneonta.edu/bealt/alexander.htm "Hip hop and rap have many important influences—R&B, funk, soul, jazz, rock and roll performers; poets, and writers like Iceberg Slim; and stylistic forebears like Muhammad Ali and Richard Pryor. Few of these can match the importance of the spoken-word artist...
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...Putting Thoughts to Paper For several years in school, I dreaded writing academic papers because I found many of the topics monotonous, provoking little desire in me to work hard. The writing process intimidated me because I was often unaware as to where I should begin a paper and once I did, how I should develop my thoughts in an effective manner. My appreciation of writing, both academically and artistically, did not surface until my sophomore year in high school. When I transferred from public to private school, I realized that my writing skills were not as strongly developed as many of my fellow classmates. This feeling of inadequacy motivated me to seek help from my teachers and peers. By the end of first semester sophomore year, my...
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...language – and even jazz • Comments (109) • Marcus du Sautoy • The Observer, Saturday 31 March 2012 • Article history [pic] Marcus du Sautoy with one of Luc Steels's language-making robots. Photograph: Jodie Adams/BBC 'I propose to consider the question "Can machines think?"' Not my question but the opening of Alan Turing's seminal 1950 paper which is generally regarded as the catalyst for the modern quest to create artificial intelligence. His question was inspired by a book he had been given at the age of 10: Natural Wonders Every Child Should Know by Edwin Tenney Brewster. The book was packed with nuggets that fired the young Turing's imagination including the following provocative statement: "Of course the body is a machine. It is vastly complex, many times more complicated than any machine ever made with hands; but still after all a machine. It has been likened to a steam machine. But that was before we knew as much about the way it works as we know now. It really is a gas engine; like the engine of an automobile, a motor boat or a flying machine." If the body were a machine, Turing wondered: is it possible to artificially create such a contraption that could think like he did? This year is Turing's centenary so would he be impressed or disappointed at the state of artificial intelligence? Do the extraordinary machines we've built since Turing's paper get close to human intelligence? Can we bypass millions of years of evolution to create something...
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...of changes and hence to avoid failures related to it. Keywords— Software Dependencies, Systems, Dependency errors, Software failures. Introduction AS WE WORK WITH GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTRIBUTED SOFTWARE, THIS APPROACH CREATES PROBLEMS. WHEN WE WORK WITH MODULES AND THERE IS DEPENDENCY BETWEEN THEM WE FACE PROBLEMS LIKE COMMUNICATION PROBLEM, WORK COORDINATION, ETC. RESEARCH ARGUES THAT DISTRIBUTED TEAMS DO BETTER WHEN THEIR WORK IS ALMOST INDEPENDENT FROM EACH OTHER. IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, MODULARIZATION IS THE TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUE. THE MODULAR DESIGN ARGUMENT SUGGESTS THAT BY REDUCING THE TECHNICAL DEPENDENCIES, THE WORK DEPENDENCIES BETWEEN TEAMS DEVELOPING INTERDEPENDENT MODULES ARE ALSO REDUCED. THIS DISSERTATION ARGUES THAT MODULARIZATION IS NOT A SUFFICIENT REPRESENTATION OF WORK DEPENDENCIES IN THE CONTEXT OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AND IT PROPOSES A METHOD FOR MEASURING SOCIO-TECHNICAL CONGRUENCE, DEFINED AS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE OF WORK DEPENDENCIES AND THE COORDINATION PATTERNS OF THE ORGANIZATION DOING THE TECHNICAL WORK [1]. Specifically, I address the following general research questions: RQ 1: How relevant task dependencies can be identified from technical dependencies? RQ 2: What is the impact of those task dependencies on traditional outcome variables such as productivity and quality? THE ACTUAL PROBLEM FOR A LARGE-SCALE SOFTWARE...
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...The purpose of this paper is to accurately and critically analyze the major changes of technology throughout the film industry’s history. As two college students majoring in computer and technological fields, we feel that it is imperative to understand how cameras and technology and evolved and their effects on the film industry. Although the growth of technology in the film industry may seem of concern to only film makers, it should in fact concern anyone who cares about the future of the cinematography and/or television. Innovations in film technology have undoubtedly shaped the film industry into what it is today. As two college students majoring in computer and technological fields, we feel that it is imperative to understand how cameras and technology have evolved, and their effects on film production. Utilizing what we have learned in class and multiple sources of research, we will critically analyze the major changes in film technology history. The world’s first films produced were black and white, but even to make a black and white film, several important inventions were required. These inventions needed to record video, store the recording, and produce enough lighting to be able to see the scene. In 1893, Thomas Edison introduced the Kinetograph and Kinetoscope to the public, which may have been the largest innovation in film technology (Movie History). The Kinetograph was the first motion picture camera, and was combined with the Kinetoscope which housed a lamp and...
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...Lederrick Wesley December 11, 2008 Special Projects Dr. Karin Sehmann The History and Evolution of Gospel Music The culture of African Americans dates back to the beginning of times in Africa. So many things were carried across the world such as culture, art, music, and different cultural practices. The music of African Americans has transcended across different cultures. Gospel music is one of the sacred forms of music for African Americans. This is one of the hottest music genres currently out, and it is not only meant to relay a message to people but change their hearts in the process and help people endure positive out takes on life. Gospel music has a long rich tradition with great contributors such as Thomas Dorsey, Mahalia Jackson, Whitney Houston, and Kirk Franklin. Things such as gospel music workshops and conventions exist today to educate individuals on this peculiar style of music. Recently, I held a gospel music workshop and many things were involved in putting it together. The following paper will discuss my research on the evolution of gospel music and elaborate more on why I decided to do a gospel music workshop. African American gospel music has been implemented with secular and non-African American elements. This has caused many individuals to wonder “what is gospel music?” This musical phenomenon has moved beyond the walls of the “black church” and includes many aspects (Wise 1). Gospel music can be defined from a cultural, spiritual, or...
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...way the brain processes, stores, and organizes information into learning has been studied for centuries—yet it has only been in the past few hundred years that true breakthroughs in the cognitive sciences has been observed. Arguably one of the most essential discoveries in brain function lies within the compartmentalization of mental, emotional, logistical, motor, and cognitive capabilities, this process began in earnest with the discovery of Broca's Area through the diagnosis of a particular symptom of trauma—Broca's aphasia. To understand the overall picture of this convoluted problem we must first examine the historical foundations through which aphasia was diagnosed. From there we will attempt to dissect the process of language evolution and attempt to recognize where aphasia fits within the equation of language structure. From structure, we must then look even closer to the actual biology of the neural network to examine how learning and language develops in order to assist in the therapy of aphasics the world over. Broca's area is a portion of the brain in the left temporal lobe which has been attributed to the process of speech. The term “aphasia” is derived from the Greek, aphatos, meaning “without speech”; although not all forms of aphasia silence the aphasic. As opposed to a learning disability which one grows up with, nor with diseases such as Alzheimer’s, aphasias are typified by beginning very suddenly with a trauma to particular portions of the brain...
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...Will The Advent of Online Intermediaries Diminish the Need for Travel Agents Totally in the Near Future? Erin Toh Temasek Polytechnic Abstract This paper will focus on the comparison between Retail Travel Agencies (TA) and Online Travel Agents/Intermediaries (OTA); and how the rise of technology has affected the business model and operations of traditional agents. Traditional TA in this paper refers loosely to those with a brick and mortar store, selling travel related services with human touch; while OTA are also selling travel related services, but without a brick and mortar store and solely relies on internet as a selling medium (Bottomley, 1997). The paper will start with an overview of the booming travel industry, followed by the main challenges facing the travel industry, namely labour crunch and human touch, discussed in the context of TA and OTA. An analysis of current consumers behaviour factors as identified by Zhou, Dai, and Zhang (2007), affecting purchase decisions will also be discussed. In addition, traditional TA roles have evolved throughout the years to offer differentiated services in order to keep within the competition. The distribution of travel products has undergone changes and in order to remain competitive, TA must take a page out of OTAs, adapt to technology and online platforms in order not to be rendered obsolete. Keywords: Travel Agents, Technology, Internet, Online Intermediaries, Online agents Will The Advent of Online Intermediaries...
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...19 July 2010 Jazz as a Black American Art Form : Definitions of the Jazz Preservation Act JEFF FARLEY Jazz music and culture have experienced a surge in popularity after the passage of the Jazz Preservation Act (JPA) in 1987. This resolution defined jazz as a black American art form, thus using race, national identity, and cultural value as key aspects in making jazz one of the nation’s most subsidized arts. Led by new cultural institutions and educational programs, millions of Americans have engaged with the history and canon of jazz that represent the values endorsed by the JPA. Record companies, book publishers, archivists, academia, and private foundations have also contributed to the effort to preserve jazz music and history. Such preservation has not always been a simple process, especially in identifying jazz with black culture and with America as a whole. This has required a careful balancing of social and musical aspects of jazz. For instance, many consider two of the most important aspects of jazz to be the blues aesthetic, which inevitably expresses racist oppression in America, and the democratic ethic, wherein each musician’s individual expression equally contributes to the whole. Balanced explanations of race and nationality are useful not only for musicologists, but also for musicians and teachers wishing to use jazz as an example of both national achievement and confrontation with racism. Another important aspect of the JPA is the definition of jazz as a ‘‘ high ’’...
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...Annotative Bibliography- Evolution of Ska Paul Latty Western Michigan University Heathcott, JH. (2003). Urban spaces and working-class expressions across the black Atlantic: tracing the routes of ska. Retrieved from http://rhr.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/2003/87/183.pdf (Heathcott, 2003) The first wave of ska was the main focus of this article the first wave erupted in the early 1960s out of the energetic dance hall culture of urban Jamaica among working-class youth cobbling together old island traditions and new forms of expression from arrange of materials found in American, British, and Jamaican popular culture. I was introduced to the real definition of Rude Boy they said they were a suit and tie hooligan bent on turf protection and the defiance of adult authority. This matched what I had in mind when I thought of the rude boys I know today. I learned that many artists associated with the global reggae explosion of the 1970s, such as Bob Marley, Bunny Livingstone, Toots Hibbert, and Lee “Scratch” Perry, got their start as young Rude Boy instrumentalists in ska bands. By the late 1960s, Marley and other stars began to slow down the tempo of ska, launching experiments with the genre that would result in rocksteady and reggae music. Before reading this I had always thought that reggae and rocksteady came before the upbeat ska music was formed. This article gave me a lot of good information about the first wave of Ska and how Ska came to be in the first place...
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...Telecom Sector Prepared for: Ms. Rizwana Hameed Lecturer of Consumer Behavior Prepared by: Saba Mahfooz (159) Tamour Nawaz (164) Rizwan Bashir Goraya (167) Tuba Shahid (173) Shomail Khan (179) IB&M - University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore 16th December, 2014 Contribution to Report Name of Group Member | Contribution To Report | Tuba Shahid | * Questionnaire Building * Questionnaire Filling * Data Collection * Report Making * Recommendations * Conclusion | Saba Mahfooz | * Data Collection * Questionnaire Filling | Shomail Dilawar | * Questionnaire Filling | Tamour Bajwa | * Question Filling * Data Entry Into SPSS | Rizwan Bashir Goraya | * Data Analysis * Questionnaire Filling * SWOT Analysis * Data Entry Into SPSS * Histograms Of All Segments * Data Evaluation * Compiling of the Final-Report | Acknowledgment All the admirations are for the Allah Who created us and gave us wisdom to accomplish the tasks that none of other creatures can, and who gave us opportunity to get the education to understand his nature more clearly. We would like to thank Miss Rizwana Hameed for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information and invested his full effort in guiding us in achieving the goal. Abstract Telecom industry, collection of all the industries and companies providing phone service, data or entertainment to consumers and businesses, is...
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...Consider the extent to which, across different markets, newspapers are experiencing ‘crisis’, and the nature of that crisis. Should this also be seen as a crisis for journalism and democracy more broadly? Evolving from announcement bulletins in ancient Rome to partisan papers in early nineteenth century and to the neutral papers in mid 1980s with a circulation of 62.5 million (NAA, 2009), newspaper bred journalism and upheld public sphere. However, recent decades witnessed large job cutting and numerous shutting down in newspaper industry. It remains debatable that whether the shockwave would spread to the entire journalism as a profession and to democracy which newspapers have always claimed to serve. This essay is going argue that the crisis confronted by newspapers does not necessarily entail a declining of journalism since democracy is carried out in a multidimensional way in new media environment. This essay will firstly look at the manifestation of the crisis confronted by newspaper industry in recent decades, the structural change it brought, and the nature of the crisis. After that, this essay would look at how the crisis encountered by the industry transformed journalistic practices and argues that journalism still has the capacity to carry out its civil function. Newspapers industry have been experiencing the decline of market share and revenue margin since the late twentieth century across markets such as U.S., UK, European, and Australia. (Beecher, 2005; Carson...
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...Aidan Naughton CWR4B M Baptiste MWF 2-3p Native American Music: A Root of Contemporary Music Yet Explored What is Native American Music? As our class brainstormed ideas for research, I already knew what topic I wanted to explore. Having been a musician, closely involved with music my entire life, I directed my focus toward Native American music. Before I began to develop any sort of directed, narrowed research questions, I asked myself first, “What is Native American music?” Regarding various definitions of the so-called “genre,” I discovered that Native American music shouldn’t be typified into any genre or defined style of music. It was the perspective toward music that was unique to Native peoples, and this perspective is key in understanding the Native American influence on later creations of music. Definition and Philosophy Native peoples tend to view their music in a distinctly different way from Euro-Americans. To Natives, music is thought; music appeared to be particularly inclusive into Native Americans’ way of life, and is unique in its origin, meaning, and efficacy. To ask “what is Native American music?” would be a question foreign to Native Americans, especially during the time that Native American music was first discovered. One aspect of music specific to indigenous peoples is its place in daily life. In fact, “its place in human affairs are much more significant to Indians than its mode of construction or technical character.” (Native American Music...
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