...University of Amsterdam Faculty of Economics and Business Msc. Accountancy and Control Assurance Assurance: Essay Assignment Assigned article: Geiger, M.A., & Rama, D.V. (2006). Audit Firm Size and Going-Concern Reporting Accuracy. Accounting Horizons, 20(1), 1-17. Additional articles: Carcello, J.V. & Neal, T.L. (2000). Audit Committee Composition and Auditor Reporting. The Accounting Review, 75(4), 453-467. Geiger, M.A. & Raghunandan, K. (2002). Auditor Tenure and Audit Reporting Failures. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 21(1), 67-78. Name: Karlijn Dirks Student number: 10674837 Tutorial Group: 2 fulltime Lecturer: drs. Francesco Campisi RA Date: 10 February 2016 Paper: 8 * Summary The papers that will be discussed in this essay all revolve around auditor reporting. Especially about issuing going-concern modified reports in relationship with different variables. The variable discussed in the first paper is audit firm size. For the second paper auditor tenure is the variable and for the final paper audit committee composition is the variable that will be looked at. The rest of this section will provide summaries of the three articles. Paper 1. Geiger & Rama (2006) investigate whether audit firm size affects the accuracy of going-concern reporting. They look at two different type of errors, type I errors occur when a going-concern modified report is issued but the client does not go bankrupt. A type II error...
Words: 1786 - Pages: 8
...International Business Environment Spring Semester 2013 Instructor: Mustafa MAMMADOV, PhD Hours: 18:30-21:00 Contact email: mustafa160705@yahoo.com Day: Monday/Wednesday Room: 421 Books: International Business by Charles Hill, 4 edition; International Business by John D. Daniels, Lee H. Radebaugh, Daniel P. Sullivan; 10th edition Recommended reading: Global marketing management, 2nd edition by Brian Toyne and Peter G.P.Walters; Особенности маркетинга по-азербайджански, М.Мамедов, Баку, 2009 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE COURSE: Today we live in era of globalization. There is no definite answer whether it positively or negatively impacts on national economies, but it is obvious that companies seek more markets for its products and services than just local markets. The world became smaller and easily reachable. The national borders are something symbolic and open for international business. Companies are growing rapidly than ever and likely consider the opportunity to enter foreign markets and promote sales. Local business is nervously screening international news as any event in one point of the world could affect the other point considerably. The main goal of the course is to understand the entire international business environment, its background and peculiarities, concepts, theories and fundamental principles. Also the course will examine the main international tendencies and analyze...
Words: 1026 - Pages: 5
...------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form Choose your language/country English Need any help? Call 0115 966 7955 For International Numbers & Skype click here * UK Essays * Writing Services * Instant Price * Order Now * Guarantees * About Us * Free Resources & Help * About * About UK Essays * Offers and discounts * Press coverage * Meet the UK Essays team * UK Essays review * Our customer reviews * Contact * Contact us * UK Essays forum * UK Essays blog * Your account * Make a payment * Affiliates * Help * How to order * Beginners Guide * Frequently asked questions * Guarantees * Pay for your order * Verify your card/payment * Fair us policy * Essays * Free Essays * Essay Help * Essay Examples * Essay Topics * Essay Questions * Personal Statement Examples * Essay Writing Service * Essay Proofreading * Essay Writers * Harvard Referencing Generator * Dissertations * Dissertation Examples * Dissertation Help * Dissertation Topics * Dissertation Titles * Dissertation Proposal Example * Dissertation Introduction Example * Dissertation Writing...
Words: 3932 - Pages: 16
...ECONOMICS EXAMINATION GUIDELINES GRADE 12 2014 These guidelines consist of 25 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over Economics 2 Examination Guidelines DBE/2014 INDEX PAGE 3 1. INTRODUCTION 2. ASSESSMENT IN GRADE 12 2.1 Format of the question papers 2.2 Detail of question papers 4 4 4 3. CONTENT 6 4. CONCLUSION Copyright reserved 25 Please turn over Economics 1. 3 Examination Guidelines DBE/2014 INTRODUCTION The Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) for Economics outlines the nature and purpose of the subject Economics. This guides the philosophy underlying the teaching and assessment of the subject in Grade 12. The purpose of these Examination Guidelines is to: • • Provide clarity on the depth and scope of the content to be assessed in the Grade 12 National Senior Certificate (NSC) Examination in Economics. Assist teachers to adequately prepare learners for the examinations. This document deals with the final Grade 12 external examinations. It does not deal in any depth with the School-Based Assessment (SBA). This guideline should be read in conjunction with: • • • The National Curriculum Statement (NCS) Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS): Economics The National Protocol of Assessment: An addendum to the policy document, the National Senior Certificate: A qualification at Level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), regarding the National Protocol for Assessment (Grades R–12) The national policy pertaining...
Words: 5874 - Pages: 24
...sent from private accounts. MODULE SUMMARY Global Marketing Management is the discipline of planning, organising and managing marketing resources on a global basis, to achieve an organisation’s specific marketing objectives. Marketing is regarded as a key area of management in both the private and not for profit sectors. This module examines how theories and methodologies of marketing management can be applied to ensure long-term success for organisations. AIMS The aims of the module are to: • to appreciate the importance of marketing as a management discipline in ensuring the long-term success of organisations across the ‘not-for-profit’, public sector and private sector business arenas and across the globe • to develop an understanding of marketing management in the broadest sense, of how marketing management approaches may have to be modified when seeking access to international markets and to be able to adopt a robust and objective approach to management decision making in both a domestic and in a global context • to appreciate the importance of culture in the formulation of and success of global marketing activities and to examine marketing ethics in a global context LEARNING OUTCOMES On successful completion of the module you will be able to: • appreciate the central importance of the marketing concept and of market drivers as interpreted through market research and analysis and...
Words: 2175 - Pages: 9
...Google’s Organizational Behavior Essay Introduction The theoretical and practical thinking about Organizational Behavior (OB) is based on the assumptions that since people are the main asset of an organization, their behavior is decisive for its success or failure. Hence, OB advocates maintain that human behavior must be studied and managed more than any other aspect of the organization. The study of OB is predominant in management science, shaping decisions largely beyond human resources management. This paper will focus on several key issues in OB and will examine how those aspects can be observed by using a real-life example: the Internet giant Google Inc. Organizational Culture and Behavior Organizational culture is a fundamental concept in OB. It describes the set of perceptions and beliefs, which are shared by all members of an organization. Based on those values, people will shape their workplace behavior and partially their job performance. OB research describes seven dimensions of organizational culture: 1. Attention to detail (in terms of e.g. accuracy and analysis) 2. Outcome orientation (focus on outcomes instead of means) 3. People orientation (concern for the effect of organizational decisions on members of the organization) 4. Team orientation (the tendency to divide work among teams rather than individuals) 5. Aggressiveness (the intensity of competition among workers) 6. Stability (focus on maintaining a cultural status quo) 7. Innovation and risk...
Words: 784 - Pages: 4
...acquisitions and alliances. However, these are far from simple strategies to implement, they are multi-factorial with both tangible and intangible elements creating many conundrums. As identified by Holzner (2014) their ‘failure’ or ‘success’ are subjective terms, and are often misappropriated in this context. Success or failure may not be determined by the longevity of a union, financial gains or the eventual occurrence of termination. This essay will examine success as defined by the extent to which the relationship meets the prior entry needs and desires of the parties. It will evaluate assessment frameworks and models of how firms might identify and increase the chance of success, and will highlight managerial techniques. Acquisitions and alliances are different undertakings, and as such carry with them specific concerns and peculiarities. It is wrong to address the success factors for both concepts as if they are a homogenous group – though there will be areas of crossover. Success can only be realised by parties within a union if both have a clear understanding of what their objectives are, and have considered the use of mutual benchmarks that can determine the extent to which this has been achieved. This means managers not only need to know about the partner's business, they also need understanding of their own company (Holzner, 2014). Thus, when addressing how a company might effectively seek out and manage a...
Words: 1668 - Pages: 7
...Regulation is any set of rules imposed by governments or agents of governments that seek to change the behavior of economic agents, usually with the objective of improving the economic welfare of the whole community. Financial regulation guides and monitors what financial institutions do and the regulations are there to improve economics stability. In this essay I am going to look at two different types of regulations, rules and principles based regulation. Rules based regulation brings about compliance cost for firm and monitoring costs for regulators, while, principles based regulation (PBR) relies more on ethical behavior and transparency of business dealing. Also I going to look at financial regulators, who they are and what their duties...
Words: 1529 - Pages: 7
...all over the world. This crisis had huge impact on all the people across the world, various industries, economic fields, and all the social life. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%. Unemployment in the U.S. rose to 25%, and in some countries rose as high as 33 %2. The Features of the Great Depression Compared with all the crisis happened before and after, this crisis gets some distinct features: firstly, the scope of the influence of the great depression is so wide. At that time, USA was the most powerful country in the world as well as the biggest creditor country. The American finance had close connection with all the capitalist countries and the international business market. The crisis spread from American to the vital capitalist countries Germany, Japan, Britain and France. The capitalist countries wanted to transfer the crisis to other countries, so the depression affected all the colonies in a wide range, semi-colonies and underdeveloped countries. Besides, if we analyze the economic scale of this Great Depression, we could find the credit and loan crisis, industrial crisis and agricultural crisis all happened together. Secondly, the duration of the Great...
Words: 1935 - Pages: 8
...expected income and expense in the future. As such, it is thought of as an action plan, outlining an organization's financial and operational goals. The budget expresses the quantitative arrangement of the entity's management, in terms of allocating the business resources, performance evaluation, and formulating prospective plans. Businesses alike hold this as an annual undertaking, putting into account the company's past year's budget and subsequently previewing projections for the next couple of years (however often occurring short-term, in about a year or less.) Budgets provide control over the instantaneous environment, help to master the financial aspects of the job and department, while at the same time administering solutions to problems before they occur. They focus on the importance of assessing alternative actions before decisions are actually implemented. Budgeting serves as a means of systematically planning and control. This will require a realistic financial documentation of the company's goals and performance objectives. Upon formulation, the analysis provides adequate development throughout the fiscal year. Consequently, monthly performance reports compare budgeted results against actual stats. The management then examine these and set out to take necessary corrective actions against significant variances. This is known in the accounting world as budgetary control. Also, allowing effective budgeting conformities thus inadvertently enable managers to better perform...
Words: 1014 - Pages: 5
...Human nature, a term that is widely used to describe the feelings, characteristics and behavioral traits shared by all humans, according to Wikipedia. However, to fully comprehend what human nature is we should examine both the physical and psychological aspects in more depth. Through the required readings for this essay, cited on the reference page, I was able to explore several views that help support my position on human nature. I believe that human nature is derived from a complex combination of genetic, or physiopsychology, behavioral, or cognitive psychology, and environmental, or social psychology. Simply put, human nature is a combination of both trait and state psychology. There are certainly practical advantages for considering even the simplest understanding of human nature as it relates to business, culture and productivity all of which I intend to prove throughout this reaction paper. Let’s examine physical psychology in more depth. Research has provided us with information suggesting that a person is born with certain abilities as it relates to the make-up of the brain, nerves, hormones and other physical factors. These items collectively create our psychological core of which sets limits as to how much information we can process. In other words, when we are born we’re “hard-wired” with a certain capacity to process and interpret information at some level. According to Nicolson (1998), humans are hard-wired due our drive for survival which stems from...
Words: 1951 - Pages: 8
...WEEK 1 – CASE STUDY: THE KEY MARKETING STRATEGY OF NIKE Nike is considered to be a leading athletic footwear manufacturer, which makes up over 30 percent and 50 percent of global and US market share respectively. In order to reach customers’ demands and get profits, Nike has executed/implemented a number of marketing strategies. This essay will examine Nike’s key strategies from1962 to 2009. The most essential marketing strategy called “Pyramid of influence” was expressed by Product, Place and Promotion strategies throughout targeting on athletes, sportsmen and sports loving consumers. Product (product variety, design, quality) Nike provided high quality running shoes designed for athletes by athletes with competitive prices in comparison to imported shoes. Afterwards, Nike has expanded and designed more various products according to other types of sports such as basket ball (shoes), soccer (sneakers), tennis (clothing and gears) and Golf (golfers’ dresses). Furthermore, Nike's commitment to designing innovative footwear for serious athletes helped it built a cult following among U.S. consumers. Place: (including locations and channels) The first targeting market of Nike’s sport shoes was domestic market (US) and got ideal success with running shoes. They then expanded their markets overseas to Europe from 1994 with soccer’s clothing and then Asia (China targeted) in 2008 with the role of athletes’ sponsor. Moreover, Nike formed a partnership with Foot Clocker to create...
Words: 1044 - Pages: 5
...depends on the company’s policy on executive pay. In the essay I will examine how executive pay is dependent on company performance and whether this will affect future company development. The most basic concept is that the amount that executives are paid has a definite effect on performance. If an executive is paid a enormous amount of compensation, he is likely to be overconfident of his business decisions and is likely to take higher risks. This is due to his past performance that led to such high compensation. With such high compensation under the public eye, executives would feel compelled to perform better to live up to his expectations. But firstly, we have to determine if executive pay is performance based. The idealistic policy is to reward executives when they have made positive business decisions and have brought in profit for both the company and shareholders, all the while giving executives incentives to perform better in the next quarter. Some policies are equity-based, meaning bonus’ will link to share prices. This policy will undoubtedly benefit shareholders, because executives will be willing to take bigger risks to drive up the share price. Another reason they would take high risks is because whether the outcome is positive or negative, their base salary is most likely to remain constant. For some executives, their pay is insulated from dropping too low, hence are less likely to be driven out of the business. Some even receive benefits such as the “gold coffin”...
Words: 648 - Pages: 3
...BUS383 Managing Global Business Essay 1 Executive Summary: Using Lenovo as an international business, discuss the impact & role of culture in its business activities in different economies such as the United States & China in terms of political, economic, social & ethical factors. 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary:..............................................................................................................................2 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................4 Conducting Business Internationally..................................................................................................5 Impact & Role of Culture...................................................................................................................7 Difference between Western & Eastern cultures...............................................................................8 Lenovo in China / Eastern Culture....................................................................................................10 Lenovo in USA / Western Culture....................................................................................................12 Current Affairs.................................................................................................................................13 Conclusion:............................................
Words: 3943 - Pages: 16
...* * How and why is it important for businesses to engage with the media during a crisis? What strategies are successful in external communications for business during such times? Compare & contrast two news stories which centre on a crisis for different businesses giving detailed analysis of each communications strategy. This Essay will begin by reviewing crisis definitions and message strategies. Next it will explore translation strategies used by organisations involved in a crisis to communicate with stakeholders. The essay will then consider Ford–Firestone’s tire failure crisis of 2000 as an example of poor crisis management, and contrast toy maker Mattel’s recall crisis of 2007 as an example of successful crisis management. It will first lie out the rhetorical context of each case before embarking on a detailed analysis equating the effectiveness of both firms’ external communications, and in the case of Ford-Firestone, how these might have been alternatively approached in order to avoid detrimental reputational damage. * Fink (1986, from King, 2000) defines an organisational crisis as ‘a situation that can potentially escalate in intensity, fall under close government or media scrutiny, jeopardize the current public image of the organisation or interfere with normal business operations.’ Pearson and Mitroff support this in their ‘five dimensions of a crisis’, explaining that the situation will be ‘highly visible, require immediate attention, have a surprise...
Words: 2837 - Pages: 12